Thank you.
The logback config file /src/test/resources/logback-test.xml was indeed the problem.
Duplicating my logback.xml to logback-test.xml fixed the logging.
It seems that the only class from debezium-core needed to execute Debezium Testcontainer tests is the class
io.debezium.util.ContainerImageVersions
logback-test.xml seems to be the Logback config for the Debezium tests.
Wouldn't it be better not to package the Tests and logback-test.xml into the jar?
From my point of view, this are separate concerns and belong to different .jars:
In the one hand the Debezium TestUtil classes to execute the Debezium Testcontainer Tests, and on the other hand
the Testcode to test Debezium itself.