Not sure which image you are using. In dealii/dealii:
$ ls -lh /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/include/
total 352K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 597 Apr 15 2020 mpi-ext.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171K Apr 15 2020 mpi.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16K Apr 15 2020 mpi_portable_platform.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.8K Apr 15 2020 mpif-c-constants-decl.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.7K Apr 15 2020 mpif-config.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14K Apr 15 2020 mpif-constants.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 683 Apr 15 2020 mpif-ext.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0K Apr 15 2020 mpif-externals.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.9K Apr 15 2020 mpif-handles.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.1K Apr 15 2020 mpif-io-constants.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Apr 15 2020 mpif-io-handles.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.0K Apr 15 2020 mpif-sentinels.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104K Apr 15 2020 mpif-sizeof.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.8K Apr 15 2020 mpif.h
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 193 Sep 8 2020 openmpi
This should be autodetected if using cmake
$ ompi_info
Package: Debian OpenMPI
Open MPI: 4.0.3
Open MPI repo revision: v4.0.3
Open MPI release date: Mar 03, 2020
Open RTE: 4.0.3
Open RTE repo revision: v4.0.3
Open RTE release date: Mar 03, 2020
OPAL: 4.0.3
OPAL repo revision: v4.0.3
OPAL release date: Mar 03, 2020
MPI API: 3.1.0
Ident string: 4.0.3
Prefix: /usr
Configured architecture: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configure host: lcy01-amd64-020
Configured by: buildd
Configured on: Wed Apr 15 13:14:35 UTC 2020
Configure host: lcy01-amd64-020
Configure command line: '--build=x86_64-linux-gnu' '--prefix=/usr'
'--includedir=${prefix}/include'
'--mandir=${prefix}/share/man'
'--infodir=${prefix}/share/info'
'--sysconfdir=/etc' '--localstatedir=/var'
'--disable-silent-rules'
'--libdir=${prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu'
'--runstatedir=/run' '--disable-maintainer-mode'
'--disable-dependency-tracking'
'--disable-silent-rules'
'--disable-wrapper-runpath'
'--with-package-string=Debian OpenMPI'
'--with-verbs' '--with-libfabric' '--with-psm2'
'--with-jdk-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java'
'--enable-mpi-java'
'--enable-opal-btl-usnic-unit-tests'
'--with-libevent=external'
'--with-pmix=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pmix'
'--disable-silent-rules' '--enable-mpi-cxx'
'--with-hwloc=/usr' '--with-libltdl'
'--with-devel-headers' '--with-slurm' '--with-sge'
'--without-tm' '--sysconfdir=/etc/openmpi'
'--libdir=${prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/lib'
'--includedir=${prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openmpi/include'
Better to provide more info about your container env to help diagnostic the problem.
Best,
Chengjiang Yin