I have an old A. van Kaick alternator, type D2N.
See type number plate here:
http://www.kuntigi.net/a-van-kaick/AVKType.pdf
I haven't tested the generator yet, but it came with a sophisticated
transductor voltage regulating circuit, see image here:
http://www.kuntigi.net/a-van-kaick/A-Van-Kaick-1.pdf
However as I suspect the selenium rectifiers to be aged I would rather
run it in 'direct mode' *without* the transductor regulating circuit.
See this image for the direct mode scenario:
http://www.kuntigi.net/a-van-kaick/A-Van-Kaick-1.pdf
I'm unsure of the resistance value and needed power dissipation for the
rheostat shown connected to the 'A' and 'D' or 'C' terminals. Do any of
you have suggestions on how to calculate the needed values here?
Also, the rotation direction mentioned on this drawing would this be
looking into the drive shaft where 'rechtslauf' is clockwise direction?
Thanks a lot for comments on this.
And yes, - you may answer in German ;-)
best regards from Norway
Tor
(nicht das Brandenburger...)
"I haven't tested the generator yet, but it came with a sophisticated
transductor voltage regulating circuit, see image here:
http://www.kuntigi.net/a-van-kaick/A-Van-Kaick-2.pdf
..."
Sorry for the typo
Tor
In einer Synchronmaschine ist der benötigte Erregerstrom von der Leistung
abhängig, die mechanisch abgenommen oder zugeführt wird. Im Leerlauf muss
auch bereits ein Mindesterregerstrom fließen, damit die Maschine ein
Erregerfeld hat. Fehlt dieser Erregerstrom, "geht die Maschine durch"
(M->0, n->oo beim Generatorbetrieb, bzw. n->0 beim Motorbetrieb). Daher
darf man die Erregerwicklung *niemals* im Betrieb trennen.
An A..D (Wicklung 3) liegt laut der Datenblätter dieser Mindesterregerstrom
für den Leerlauf (M==0) an. Der Erregerstrom, der bei
Leistungsabnahme/-zufuhr *zusätzlich* aufgebracht werden muss, fließt über
J..K (Wicklung 4) in die Maschine. Daher ist dieser zusätzliche
Erregerstrombedarf für den Strom über A..D uninteressant.
Du kannst den Strom durch die Erregerwicklungen nun berechnen (oder besser
gesagt: schätzen): Die für die Magnetisierung notwendige Leistung im
Leerlauf ist bei einer Synchronmaschine ca. 5% der Nennleistung der
Maschine, bei deiner also etwa 600W. Wenn du jetzt die Spannung über
Wicklung 2 (A..B) wüsstest, könntest du den nötigen Strom ausrechnen. Das
ist dann jedoch auch nur geschätzt.
ABER: An diese Spannung kommst du hier vermutlich nur im Betrieb der
Maschine ran. Dann kannst du aber auch gleich den Widerstand weglassen
(kurzschließen), und den Strom an dieser Stelle während des Betriebs
messen. Daraus ergibt sich direkt dann auch die notwendige Leistung des
Widerstandes.
Beide Widerstände haben vermutlich nur den Sinn, den Erregerstrom etwas zu
senken und damit die Maschine "weicher" zu machen. Dass kann bei häufigen
Lastwechseln sinnvoll sein, um die Mechanik zu schonen. Diese Widerstände
kann man mindestens zum kurzen Ausprobieren weglassen, vermutlich auch in
deinem üblichen Betriebsfall.
> Also, the rotation direction mentioned on this drawing would this be
> looking into the drive shaft where 'rechtslauf' is clockwise direction?
>
Ja, Rechtslauf heißt "von außen auf die Welle draufgeguckt im
Uhrzeigersinn". Wenn es zwei Wellenabgänge gibt, gilt diese Angabe für den
dickeren der beiden Abgänge.
Mit freundlichem Gruß
Jan
Jan,
Danke für das antwort ;-)
If I understand you correctly you advice me to just short terminals A
and D with an amperemeter and check the current flowing when the
generator gets up and running to 1500rpm under various loads.
Does this mean that the voltage regulation problably will work fine at
230 V even when the above terminals are shorted?
By inserting a suitable resistor the generator's maximum current will be
kind of 'limited' to avoid damage under heavy load.
Please comment if I misunderstood you completely ;-)
Thanks for your help
Tor
> I think this would be somewhat risky. The current through A-D should
> only be as high as nominal output voltage is reached, under no-load
> conditions. BTW, the drawing suggests that this resistor is already
> built into the generator housing, did you check for that?
No, I haven't opened the unit yet. I too has noticed the two built in
resistors according to the drawing. The easiest would probably to
measure the resistance between terminal J1 and brushholder J1 likewise
between terminal A and brushholder A.
>
> Contrary to the other contributor I do not agree with the idea that
> it could be dangerous to choose this resistor too large. At worst
> the voltage could not build up.
I agree with you. However I have never seen such a generator type
approach and since it was German I hope to find someone who was old
enough to know the principle and the idea behind ;-)
>> By inserting a suitable resistor the generator's maximum current will
>> be kind of 'limited' to avoid damage under heavy load.
>
> The resistor keeps the no-load voltage to a reasonable maximum ;-). It
> provides the minimum exciter current.
>
> Under load conditions the J-J' path adds supplementary current to
> the exciter to keep the output voltage somewhat constant. Here it
> looks like the resistor is already built in, too. Very strange.
> Any chance to find out what this s-t item could be?
Sorry I thought I had ?been clever enough to find the presented document
and drawing ;-D
I would like like to know what would be the best approach to test this
generator under various loads and to make the output voltage maximum
stable without having to use the transductor unit.
Thanks a lot for all comments
regards
Tor
.........
> However as I suspect the selenium rectifiers to be aged I would
> rather run it in 'direct mode' *without* the transductor regulating
> circuit. See this image for the direct mode scenario:
Die Selengleichrichter sollten kein Problem sein. Die kann man auch
durch Silizium Gleichrichter ersetzen.
Der Generator sollte aber auch ohne diesen Transduktor-Regler eine
ausreichend geregelte Ausgangsspannung liefern.
> I'm unsure of the resistance value and needed power dissipation for
> the rheostat shown connected to the 'A' and 'D' or 'C' terminals. Do
> any of you have suggestions on how to calculate the needed values
> here?
Ich würde den Gesamtwiderstand zwischen den Klemmen A und D messen
(Rechtslauf) und dann etwa 10% davon für den Stellwiderstand nehmen.
Welcher Strom dort fliesst könnte man eventuell schätzen, wenn man die
Drahtstärke der Spule C-D irgendwie erkennen kann. Wenn man A und D
direkt verbindet, wird die Ausgangsspannung etwas zu hoch sein - zum
Test aber ok.
Ich vermute auch, dass die beiden anderen, im Schaltbild
eingezeichneten, einstellbaren Widerstände, schon im Generator
eingebaut sind und das der extern angeschlossene Stellwiderstand nur
noch zur Feineinstellung dient.
Und wenn die Maschine sich dreht und es kommt keine Spannung heraus,
dann kann man versuchen den Restmagnetismus in den Generatorpolen neu
aufzubauen: Bei stillstehendem Generator kurz 12V an die Klemmen A und
D legen. Wenn das nicht funktioniert, dann + - von der 12V Batterie
tauschen.
> And yes, - you may answer in German ;-)
And if this is to complicated in german, tell me, I could write in
english as well.
BTW this generator is an interesting machine, never seen that type in
real life.
Good luck
Wulf
I think you plan to connect the generator to an isolated load (e.g. on a
ship), not to a power grid with other generators, don't you? My musings
below apply to this setup. In the previous posting, I thought about the
power grid setup, when both resistors don't have influence to the output
voltage... Just forget it if you don't have such a setup.
The purpose of both resitors is output voltage control: The A..D resitor
controls the off-load voltage. The J' resistor controls the voltage shift
under electrical(!) load.
As the induction voltage is controlled by the exciting current, you can
control the off-load voltage with the A..D resistor. The lower the
resistance, the higher the off-load voltage.
Set it up so you get ~230V when the machine is at 1500rpm. If you aren't
fixed to 50Hz, you may choose the A..D resistor value == 0 and change the
engine speed instead.
The current in the J' line is conntrolled by the generator main current (See
the datasheet without the regulator) and the J' resistor. This, too, is a
part of the exciting current. Higher than zero main current through the
generator will let the voltage at it's main terminals drop. With the
resistor in J' line, you can control the load-depending exciting current
and such, the compensating voltage.
Set it up that way the output voltage is roughly the same under load and
without it. If the shift doesn't matter, choose the J' resitor value == 0.
If you choose the both the resitors values == 0, you get the highest
possible torque the machine accepts. This is
M=P/(2pi*n)=12kW/(2pi*25/s)=76Nm (for *both* A..D and J' resistor == 0 Ohm)
The drawback of this "high" torque (and current) is the the high voltage
shift under load. So you may want to make the J' resistor R>0. You may do
this but remember the resitors are limiting the minimum exciting current of
the generator. If the resistance of both this and the J' line resistor
value is *too high* for the torque you apply to the generator, the
generator will go out of sync ("topple") and therefore, your machines may
be damaged.
The safe value for both resistors is ZERO.
> Does this mean that the voltage regulation problably will work fine at
> 230 V even when the above terminals are shorted?
>
The voltage regulation with fixed rpm and changing torque should work
fine "within reasonable bounds", see above. So if your diesel(?) engine is
regulated to run at fixed speed (even if the torque changes!), and all you
change is the electrical current, the voltage regulation should work fine.
There will be no voltage regulation if the speed of your engine changes,
however.
> By inserting a suitable resistor the generator's maximum current will be
> kind of 'limited' to avoid damage under heavy load.
>
No. The maximum current you may get from the generator is only limited by
the torque you apply to it and heat the generator can dissipate.
BTW: Opening the A..D and/or J' connection under nominal load will indeed
make the generator topple. The generator torque will instantly go to a too
low value for the torque applied by the external machine and so, this
diesel(?) engine will radiply go n->oo. That may damage both.
Kind regards
Jan
Thanks a lot to Jan and all the others' comments too. Now I have a
fairly good understanding how this works and what to test under various
loads.
Excellent newsgroup attitude. Thanks for understanding that I had to
use English ;-)
best regards
Tor
> Jan Kandziora schrieb:
>>>
>> No. The maximum current you may get from the generator is only limited by
>> the torque you apply to it and heat the generator can dissipate.
>
> Achtung, die Leistung wird vom Läufer über Schleifringe abgenommen
> (Aussenpolmaschine?, ich verwechsle das eh immer), daher würde
> ich keinesfalls über Nennstrom gehen, auch nicht kurzzeitig.
>
Ja, Außenpolmaschine, ähnlich wie Gleichstrommaschine. Du hast recht, über
den Nennstrom sollte man nicht gehen, das mögen die Schleifringe meist gar
nicht -- deren Halterungen sind das hitzeempfindlichste Teil der ganzen
Maschine. Wobei die Kommutatoren der Erregerhilfsmaschine(n) auch nicht
überlastet werden sollten.
Mit freundlichem Gruß
Jan
Jan Kandziora schrieb:
> BTW: Opening the A..D and/or J' connection under nominal load will indeed
> make the generator topple. The generator torque will instantly go to a too
> low value for the torque applied by the external machine and so, this
> diesel(?) engine will radiply go n->oo. That may damage both.
I'd second the opinion of Rolf Bombach here; nearly every Diesel engine
is equipped with a (centrifugal) governor. This should not only control
the engine idling speed but also the max. revolutions.
So if the generator gets "out of sync", the engine will just speed up.
If there are sensitive load devices attached to the genset, that might
be a problem though because of undervoltage/overfrequency.
Best wishes from Hamburg,
Ulrich