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Kaja Wombles
The other part of it, is that Rastafari is Africa because a lot of the beliefs came from over there. Everything basically is geared towards Africa. I read a couple of pieces from Marcus Garvey and he played a big role in Pan Africanism very early on. His slogan was, "Africa for Africans at home and abroad."
They used to have classes. So out of curiousity, I went to one of the classes and being that the drums were there, I started to play. I got to learn how to play the djembe. I played the bass for the drum and dance troupe, and I also learned to play the Rasta drum which is called the "nyabinghi". The nyabinghi has a big bass drum and two smaller drums, the akete, and the medium-sized funde. With the drum and dance group, they used to go to all different places up and down California, play festival and all that so that is how I got into the drum.
Niyabinghi drumming is not exclusive to the Niyabinghi order, and is common to all Rastafarians. Its rhythms are the basis of Reggae music, through the influential ska band, the Skatalites. It is said that their drummer revolutionized Jamaican music by combining the various Niyabinghi parts into a 'complete' "drum kit," which combined with jazz to create an entirely new form of music, known as ska. Niyabinghi rhythms were largely a creation of Count Ossie, who incorporated influences from traditional Jamaican Kumina drumming (especially the form of the drums themselves) with songs and rhythms learned from the recordings of Nigerian musician Babatunde Olatunji.
Three kinds of drums (called harps or collectively akete) are used in niyabinghi: A larger bass (also called "baandu" or thunder) drum, a middle pitched "funde" (or "fundeh"), and a high pitched repeater or kete.[2][5] The funde and repeater are of similar size, but the funde has a slack drum head while the repeater has a tighter head, giving a higher note.[2] The drums are double-membraned, with heads are generally made of goat skin.[6][7]
The akete (also known as the "repeater") plays an improvised syncopation, the funde plays a regular one-two beat and the bass drum strikes loudly on the first beat, and softly on the third beat (of four). When groups of players get together, only one akete player may play at any one time. The other drums keep regular rhythms while the akete players solo in the form of a conversation. Only Rastamen are allowed to play drums at Nyahbingi.
Niyabinghi chanting[9] typically includes recitation of the Psalms, but may also include variations of well-known Christian hymns and adopted by Rastafarians. The rhythms of these chants were eventually an influence of popular ska, rocksteady and reggae music.The chants contain ideas of black redemption and repatriation. They help people to participate and feel included in the Rastafarian community.
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The economic boom of the early 1970s in Nigeria and the strategic position of the Kingdom over the years encouraged urban migration from the hinterland parts of Nigeria and West Africa. They brought along with them catastrophic urban development problems. Some of these include the seemingly increasing loss of identity among the indigenes, deteriorating or lack of family values, disasters, both natural and self-inflicted through acts of commission, omission, or sheer naivety, AIDS epidemic, and armed robbery resulting from a high rate of unemployment and drug abuse.
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