Thank you! You've helped me a lot in just a few minutes. :)
The simpliest solutions are the best ones. As you suggested, I've changed dimensions of the main view in the FXML file:
1) preferred width & height remained the same - they specify default window size after running app;
2) max width & height were set to Double.MAX_VALUE - this lets content to grow up when enlarging window size;
3) min width & height were removed (or set to USE_COMPUTED_SIZE in the Scene Builder) - this lets content to fit window properly when reducing window size;
Additionally, I set primary stage's minWidth & minHeight in Java, so the workspace can't be reduced below usable size.
Thanks a lot again!
Marcin