Longitudinal study

[Vrinda [MAHE-DCOM]]

Dear members,

It's been a wonderful discussion in this group. Thank you so much to everyone. 

I have a query about analyzing the longitudinal data set. I have collected the following data from the respondents over three-time intervals with a time gap of 6 months. Can anyone suggest to me which type of regression analysis and how the analysis is carried out for this type of data set?

The sample size is different for each data collection. All the scale items are on a Likert scale. Here we like to find out the cause-and-effect relationships. Please help in running the analysis in SPSS.

 

Time 1	Time 2	Time 3
sample size 393	sample size 284	size 250
challenge Demands	engagement	well-being
Hindrance Demands	Job Resources
	Personal resources

Here are the objectives, hypotheses, and conceptual model 

Objectives of the study:

To investigate the interaction effects between challenge demands and work engagement in the presence of job and personal resources in predicting psychological well-being. Similarly, interaction effects between hindrance demands and work engagement in the presence of job and personal resources in predicting psychological well-being. 

 Conceptual model

 

The present study aims to assess the longitudinal relationships between the Time 1 challenge and hindrance demands (independent variable). Job resources, personal resources, and work engagement (moderator and mediator variable) in Time 2, impacting on Time 3, psychological well-being.  

Hypothesis: 

H1a. Challenge demands at T1 will be negatively related to psychological well-being at T3  

H1b. Hindrance demands at T1 will be negatively related to psychological well-being at T3 

H2a. Challenge demands at T1 will be negatively related to work engagement at T2 

H2b. Hindrance demands at T1 will be negatively related to work engagement at T2 

H3. Work engagement at T2 will be positively related to psychological well-being at T3 

H4. Job resources at T2 will be positively related to work engagement at Time 2 

H5a. Work engagement at T2 will mediate the relationship between Challenge demands at T1 and psychological well-being at T3 

H5b. Work engagement at T2 will mediate the relationship between hindrance demands at T1 and psychological well-being at T3 

H6a. Job resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between Challenge demands at T1 and work engagement at T2, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when job resources are high (vs low).  

H6b. Job resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between Challenge demands at T1 and psychological well-being at T3, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when job resources are high (vs low). 

H7a. Job resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between hindrance demands at T1 and work engagement at T2, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when job resources are high (vs low).  

H7b. Job resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between hindrance demands at T1 and psychological well-being at T3, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when job resources are high (vs low). 

H8a. Personal resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between Challenge demands at T1 and work engagement at T2, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when personal resources are high (vs low).  

H8b. Personal resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between Challenge demands at T1 and psychological well-being at T3, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when Personal resources are high (vs low). 

H9a. Personal resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between hindrance demands at T1 and work engagement at T2, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when Personal resources are high (vs low).  

H9b. Personal resources at T2 will moderate the relationship between hindrance demands at T1 and psychological well-being at T3, such that the positive relationship between personal resources and engagement will be stronger when Personal resources are high (vs low). 

Regards

Vrinda

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[Dr. Raja Sankaran]

There is a fundamental difference in the terms used by you.

In the case of a longitudinal study, the sample composition should be the same across multiple time periods.

This becomes a multiple cross-sectional study in the case of different sample sizes used across multiple time periods.

Can you confirm?

 

Regards

Dr Raja Sankaran

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[Vrinda [MAHE-DCOM]]

Dear sir,

It is the first case. 

The sample composition is the same for all three times of data collection. However, for the second and third times of data collection, we could collect only 284, and 250 responded out of 393 in the same sample.

So it is a longitudinal study, not a multiple-cross-sectional study.

Regards

Vrinda

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From: dataanalys...@googlegroups.com <dataanalys...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Dr. Raja Sankaran <rajasa...@gmail.com>
Sent: 05 January 2024 4:24 PM
To: dataanalys...@googlegroups.com <dataanalys...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: Longitudinal study

 

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[tilahun kidane]

Can we say this data type as a longtudinal? I need clarification from the group members and sir.

To best of my knowledge, longtudinal data involves gathering of information on the same variables at different time interval. But, in this case the different variables were gathered at different time period.

I want to know more about it!

Regards

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[Varsha Kotwal]

Being a learner of research basics I'm agree with you Khan sahab that variables should be same in different intervals of time.

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[Neeraj Kaushik]

Some of the essentials for the longitudinal study are:

1. Same (exactly same) respondents

2. Same (exactly same) questions

3. Min 3 time data collection

4. Large sample size (not less than 300)

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[vivek singh rana]

 

Respected sir,

I have come across numerous longitudinal research publications with a sample size of less than 300 and data collection occurring only twice. Please provide your valuable suggestion on this matter, since you previously mentioned that the minimum sample size should exceed 300 and the data should be collected at least three times.

Trail, G. T., & McCullough, B. P. (2021). A longitudinal study of sustainability attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Sustainability Science, 16, 1503-1518.

Kabir, M. R. (2023). A longitudinal study on organic food continuance behavior of Generation Y and Generation Z: can health consciousness moderate the decision?. Young Consumers.

 

REGARDS,
VIVEK SINGH RANA

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[Neeraj Kaushik]

Dear Vivek

Yes, there are published papers but you get the trends in the longitudinal study with min 3 times data and large sample. Patterns are not clearly visible in 2 time periods only.

Best wishes

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[Vrinda [MAHE-DCOM]]

Dear Sir,

Thank you for all your discussions and suggestions. However, I have read a few articles in the OB and HR areas stating the three different variables( independent variable at T1, moderation/mediation variable at T2, dependent variable at T3) for data collection at three different intervals. Can this type of longitudinal study be used to understand the causal relationship between the three variables? If so, what type of analysis needs to be run to get the result? Can anyone provide a reference for this claim?

Regards

Vrinda

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From: dataanalys...@googlegroups.com <dataanalys...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Neeraj Kaushik <kaushi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 15 January 2024 6:00 AM

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[Neeraj Kaushik]

Dear Vrinda

Mediation in Longitudinal studies is a very vast topic.

Several versions and models are possible.

May refer The Merits of Using Longitudinal Mediation: Educational Psychologist

Best wishes

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