Hypothesis Testing in layman’s terms

[Dr. Nisha Arora]

day ago

Hi All, 

Let's understand Hypothesis Testing in layman’s terms
😎Here is a simple analogy:
I’ve applied for a typing job and I’ve stated in my resume that my typing speed is 60 words per minute on average. My recruiter may want to test my claim. If he finds my claim to be acceptable, he will hire me otherwise reject my candidature. So, he asked me to type a sample letter and found that my speed is 54 words a minute. Now, he can decide on whether to hire me or not [assuming that I meet all other eligibility criteria]. This procedure depicts hypothesis testing in layman’s terms.
 ✍🏻In statistical terms:
Hypotheses:
“my typing speed is 60 words per minute on an average” is a hypothesis to be tested, called null hypothesis. [obviously, the alternating hypothesis is “my typing speed is not 60 words per minute on an average”]
Population & Sample: My average typing speed is population parameter and my sample letter typing speed is sample statistics.
Level of significance: The criterion of accepting /rejecting my claim is to be decided by the recruiter [the researcher]. For example, he may decide that an error of 5 words is ok to him so he would accept my claim between 55 to 65 words/minutes. In that case, my sample speed 54 words/minute will conclude to reject my claim. And the decision will be “I was making a false claim” 😥
But if the recruiter extends his acceptance region to +/- 7 words [that is 53 to 67 words], he would be accepting my claim.😀

So, to conclude, Hypothesis testing is a process to test claims about the population on the basis of sample.
It’s a very interesting conceptual topic with a pretty statistical terminology. You need to delve more to learn the technicalities. 🔎💡

Interested to dive deep into statistical inference; join my master class on the same.
More Info: https://drive.google.com/file/d/13jyPoVSnkHpfQ9YELybRHT-J3hftBxMx/view?usp=sharing

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Thanks & Regards,

Dr. Nisha Arora

https://www.udemy.com/course/python-pandas-for-business-analytics-data-science/?referralCode=B36C850D2A8FE692BA2C

https://www.linkedin.com/in/drnishaarora/ 

[Neeraj Kaushik]

Beautiful!

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[Dr. Nisha Arora]

Thank you so much sir.

You always inspire all of us. I had written this answer in 2015 on Quora. Recently, someone on LinkedIn asked me the same and I posted it there. 

Then I realised I must post it here too.

More technicalities around the topic, I'll be covering in the class.

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[Anil Kumar Singh]

Amazing analogy ma'am. Thanks for simplifying the concept.

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[Shubhra Misra]

What an explanation..awfully simplified..

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[B.K. Dubey]

Thank you so much. Very informative 

Regards 

Sent from my iPhone

On 03-Jul-2021, at 10:29 AM, Shubhra Misra <shubhram...@gmail.com> wrote:



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[Dr. Robin Kaushal]

very nice.

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Dr. Robin Kaushal
Asst Professor
Department of Commerce
Sri Aurobindo College of Commerce and Management
Ludhiana
Ph- 0161-2804226
E-mail robink...@gmail.com

[VINCENT DE PAUL SAVARIMUTHU]

Madam Excellent illustration.

Mam may we apply this illustration to this.

20 questions

Maximum score 100

The obtained mean scores of attitude of students is 60.

Population parameter 50

Sample 60

at .05 level

We do test if p is less than.,

.05 we reject the null hypothesis attitude of students towards online learning is above the average.

Is it correct mam.

Kindly clarify my application

Regardd

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[samiran]

Excellent explanation ma'am !!

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[Dr. Nisha Arora]

Thanks all for your appreciation. You can find such posts on my LinkedIn regularly about Stats, R, Python, Data Science, Online Teaching tools, etc.

Also, Currently, I have a master class planned on 'Hypothesis testing using R/Python'

Dates: 17-18 July, Duration: 4-5 hours
You can find a detailed curriculum here in case you're interested.

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[Sachin Warghade]

Dear Dr. Nisha Arora,

Your example of hypothesis testing intrigued me a lot. Thanks for the same.

I was wondering whether my following understanding is correct:

1. Is chance or random factor the most essential part of hypothesis testing? Is it that the real essence of hypothesis testing is to know whether the values of a particular variable (mean or differences), in your example the typing speed of the candidate, is due to random effect (noise) or due to particular attributes of the person or his performance (signal)? 
2. In the example given to you, should we say that one-time testing of the typing speed of the candidate against his expected performance is not adequate for hypothesis testing, but it is more about assessing whether the actual performance is due to the actual characteristics of the person or due to some random factor that may have influenced the performance on that day, like the person may be sick or mentally disturbed (random or chance factor or noise)? 
3. If the candidate's speed on the test day is 54 words, will it be still a mistake to accept this candidate (accept the null hypothesis that speed is 60) with an error margin (significance level) of 6 words per minute, because the actual typing speed of the person maybe 50 words per minute (actual attributes of the person or signal), but due to a very simple paragraph (less complicated and long words) given for the test on that day (random or chance factor), the speed increased to 54?
4. Is this aspect of testing for randomness (noise) and real attributes (signal) is all that we study under probability and does hypothesis testing is all about probabilities?

Warm Regards,

Sachin Warghade,

Assistant Professor,

Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai

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5. Never write words like URGENT in ur posts. People will help them when they are free.
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Thanks and Regards,

Sachin Warghade