Guidance for Scale development.

[Mehruk Hai]

Respected Members,

I am currently working on the development and validation of a higher-order construct that is conceptualized as formative–formative in nature. During the scale development process, I have encountered two methodological issues for which I would sincerely appreciate guidance from researchers experienced in PLS-SEM, scale development, and formative measurement modeling.

My first issue concerns the development and validation of the global single item used for redundancy analysis/convergent validity assessment. I have consulted the following resources:

1. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). *A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)* (3rd ed.).

2. Cheah, J.-H., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Ramayah, T., & Ting, H. (2018). “Convergent validity assessment of formatively measured constructs in PLS-SEM.” *International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management*, 30(11), 3192–3210.

Although these sources discuss redundancy analysis and global item validation, I am still unclear about the exact process of developing an appropriate global single-item measure for a newly developed formative construct.

My second issue relates to the assessment of nomological validity. Since the literature is still debating the dimensionality and nature of the construct, and no established scale currently exists, I am facing difficulty identifying theoretically appropriate constructs that can be used to establish nomological validity. I would greatly appreciate insights regarding:

* How researchers approach nomological validity for emerging constructs with limited prior operationalization;

* Criteria for selecting related constructs in such situations;

If anyone has experience, relevant papers, methodological suggestions, or practical advice regarding these issues, I would be extremely grateful for your guidance.

Thank you very much for your time and consideration.

Kind regards,

Mehruk Hai

Research Scholar