How to find if a construct is reflective or formative?

[Avneet]

Greetings! 

How to identify if a construct is of the reflective or formative type? Any statistical measure through which we can come to this conclusion? 

Thank you! 

[Sarjid Ahmed]

If the arrows are pointing towards the construct that means if the indicators/statements are forming the construct then, that construct is FORMATIVE CONSTRUCT 

On the other hand, if the arrows are pointing towards the indicators/statements that means if the construct is being reflected through those statements, then that construct is REFLECTIVE CONSTRUCT.

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[Fathullah Jan]

Dear Avneet,

To identify a construct's nature, you may follow these steps :

1. Theoretical Rationale: Review theory and literature. See if it's causing or caused by indicators.

2. Empirical Analysis: Analyze relationships between the construct and its indicators using factor loadings (reflective) or regression/VIF tests (formative).

3. Validation Tests: If unsure, run separate analyses for both types and compare fit statistics.

I hope you find this helpful

Best wishes,

Fateh

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[Krishna Gupta]

Dear Ma'am,

       You can go through these papers

 A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research 

Cheryl Burke Jarvis, Scott B. MacKenzie, Philip M. Podsakoff

https://doi.org/10.1086/376806

Advancing formative measurement models

Adamantios Diamantopoulos, Petra Riefler, Katharina P. Roth 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.009

Conceptualizing and testing formative constructs: tutorial and annotated example

 Nicholas Roberts, Jason Thatcher

https://doi.org/10.1145/1592401.1592405

 

You can also watch the following videos

https://youtu.be/mn05uYVF8LM?si=-8TfXateV5qJRN0f

https://youtu.be/5FoSdHrAWio?si=qOoEbu8TCJ1AXHxe

Thanks  & Regards

Krishna Gupta

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[Anubhuti Dwivedi]

Dear Avneet,

The construct is reflective or formative based on theoretical grounds in the sense that if the items are highly correlated to each other and describe a common dimension, it becomes reflective while if the items are representing different dimensions of the construct and together they combine to form the construct, it becomes formative

Statistically you can test for it by running the Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis in SmartPLS. But theoretical logic must supercede the results of CTA in case of contradictory results.

Regards,

Anubhuti Dwivedi

On Sun, 1 Oct, 2023, 12:58 pm Avneet, <avneet...@gmail.com> wrote:

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[Avneet]

Thank you everyone for your valuable inputs. I will check the sources mentioned. 

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