Clarification on Research Problem, Gap, Question, and Objectives

[Twinkle Shukla]

Dear All,

I am seeking some clarification regarding the distinction between research problem, research gap, research question, and research objectives. I often notice that some papers discuss only research questions without explicitly stating objectives, while others emphasize objectives but not questions.

Could you please help me understand:

1. The precise difference between these four concepts,

2. The logical sequence in which they should appear, and

3. Whether there are any key citations that justify this sequence and distinction, so that one can defend their reasoning during proposal submission.

Your guidance will be very helpful in resolving this confusion.

Thanks and regards,
Twinkle Shukla