Mgnrega Estimate Download
Jemima Babicke
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the world's largest social welfare scheme in India for the poverty alleviation through rural employment generation. This paper aims to evaluate and rank the performance of the states in India under MGNREGA scheme. A non-parametric approach, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to calculate the overall technical, pure technical, and scale efficiencies of states in India. The sample data is drawn from the annual official reports published by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. Based on three selected input parameters (expenditure indicators) and five output parameters (employment generation indicators), I apply both input and output oriented DEA models to estimate how well the states utilize their resources and generate outputs during the financial year 2013-14. The relative performance evaluation has been made under the assumption of constant returns and also under variable returns to scale to assess the impact of scale on performance. The results indicate that the main source of inefficiency is both technical and managerial practices adopted. 11 states are overall technically efficient and operate at the optimum scale whereas 18 states are pure technical or managerially efficient. It has been found that for some states it necessary to alter scheme size to perform at par with the best performing states. For inefficient states optimal input and output targets along with the resource savings and output gains are calculated. Analysis shows that if all inefficient states operate at optimal input and output levels, on an average 17.89% of total expenditure and a total amount of $780million could have been saved in a single year. Most of the inefficient states perform poorly when it comes to the participation of women and disadvantaged sections (SC&ST) in the scheme. In order to catch up with the performance of best performing states, inefficient states on an average need to enhance women participation by 133%. In addition, the states are also ranked using the cross efficiency approach and results are analyzed. State of Tamil Nadu occupies the top position followed by Puducherry, Punjab, and Rajasthan in the ranking list. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first pan-India level study to evaluate and rank the performance of MGNREGA scheme quantitatively and so comprehensively.
The overall allocation for the Ministry of Rural Development for the coming financial year has been proposed to be slashed by about 13% from the Budget Estimate of Rs 135,944 crore in 2022-23 to Rs 157, 545 crore. The revised estimate for the ministry in the current financial year has gone up to Rs 181,121 crore.
The allocation for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY)- Rural has been proposed to be increased to Rs 54,487 crore in 2023-24, compared to Rs 48,422 crore in the revised estimates for 2022-23. The allocation for Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna was same as the last budget at Rs 19,000 crore, while the allocation for National Livelihood Mission - Ajeevika has increased marginally to Rs 14,129.17 crore, compared to revised estimate of Rs 13,336.42 crore in the last budget.
First, the broad results: According to NSSO, total employment generated by public jobs programmes in 2007-08 was 1.02 billion person days, 71% of the official estimate of 1.44 billion person days. At an average wage rate of Rs78.91 per day, this implies that the total wage bill was Rs8,040 crore, 74% of the official estimate of Rs10,738 crore. These definitely show an improvement over the usual claim that only 15% of government money reaches the people. But even a 25% leakage in MGNREGA wage payment is cause for concern.
Expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in 2023-24 is estimated to be Rs 2,38,327 crore, a decrease of 12% from the revised estimate of 2022-23. In addition, debt of Rs 23,559 crore will be repaid by the state. In 2022-23, expenditure (excluding debt repayment) is estimated to be 21% higher than the budget estimate.
Receipts (excluding borrowings) for 2023-24 are estimated to be Rs 2,12,759 crore, an increase of 6% over the revised estimate of 2022-23. In 2022-23, receipts (excluding borrowings) are estimated to be 2% higher than the budget estimate.
Revenue surplus in 2023-24 is estimated to be Rs 4,479 crore (0.5% of GSDP). In 2022-23, the state is expected to observe a revenue deficit of Rs 28,349 crore as per the revised estimates (3.6% of GSDP). The state had estimated a revenue surplus of Rs 4,748 crore in 2022-23 at the budget stage (0.6% of GSDP).
Fiscal deficit in 2023-24 is targeted at 3% of GSDP (Rs 25,568 crore). In 2022-23, as per the revised estimates, fiscal deficit is expected to be 8.8 % of GSDP, significantly higher the budget estimate of 3.5% of GSDP. Given that the permitted fiscal deficit limit for 2022-23 is 4% of GSDP, the revised estimates are unlikely to hold.
Expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in 2023-24 is targeted at Rs 2,38,327 crore, a decrease of 12% from the revised estimate of 2022-23. This expenditure is proposed to be met through receipts (excluding borrowings) of Rs 2,12,759 crore and net borrowing of Rs 25,768 crore. Total receipts in 2023-24 (other than borrowings) are expected to register an increase of 6% over the revised estimate of 2022-23.
In 2023-24, the state has estimated a revenue surplus of Rs 4,479 crore, which is 0.5% of GSDP. In comparison, in 2022-23, the state is expected to observe a revenue deficit of Rs 28,349 crore (3.6% of GSDP). Fiscal deficit in 2023-24 is estimated to be 3% of GSDP, which is within the limit of 3.5% of GSDP permitted by the central government as per the Union Budget 2023-24 (of which, 0.5% of GSDP will be made available upon undertaking power sector reforms).
Revenue expenditure for 2023-24 is proposed to be Rs 2,07,848 crore, a decrease of 9% from the revised estimate of 2022-23. This includes the expenditure on salaries, pensions, interest, grants, and subsidies. In 2022-23, revenue expenditure is estimated to be 19% higher than the budget estimate.
Capital outlay for 2023-24 is proposed to be Rs 29,257 crore, a decrease of 26% from the revised estimate of 2022-23. Capital outlay indicates the expenditure towards creation of assets. In 2022-23, as per revised estimates, capital outlay is expected to be 33% higher than the budget estimate.
Committed expenditure: Committed expenditure of a state includes expenditure on payment of salaries, pension, and interest. In 2023-24, Bihar is estimated to spend Rs 78,910 crore on committed expenditure, which is 37% of its revenue receipts. This comprises spending on salaries (15% of revenue receipts), pension (14%), and interest (9%). In 2022-23, on average, states had allocated 54% of their revenue receipts towards committed expenditure items. Lower committed expenditure in Bihar is mainly due to lower spending on salaries. In 2023-24, pension and interest payments are expected to increase by 16% and 13% over the previous year, respectively, whereas expenditure towards salaries is expected to increase by 4%.
In 2022-23, no change is expected in revenue from any of the tax sources when compared to the budget estimates. In the 2022-23 Budget also, a similar trend was observed where the revised estimates for revenue from own tax sources in 2021-22 was same as the budget estimate. However, the actual revenue from these sources in 2021-22, as presented in 2023-24 Budget, is significantly different from these estimates (see Table 8 in Annexure II).
Outstanding Government Guarantees: Outstanding liabilities of states do not include a few other liabilities that are contingent in nature, which states may have to honour in certain cases. State governments guarantee the borrowings of State Public Sector Enterprises from financial institutions. At the end of 2021-22, outstanding guarantees are estimated to be 3.7% of GSDP, a sharp increase from 2.7% of GSDP at the end of 2020-21.
Labour Budget (LB) under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 2005 refers to advanced labour estimate for execution of a shelf of works for the next financial year. The advance assessment of labour demand in a district takes into account seasonality aspects along with the examination of employment and livelihood opportunities in the respective rural areas. On the basis of LB estimates, the Central Government projects its central liability towards the districts.
S oftware for E stimate C alculation U sing R ural Rates for E mployment for Mahatma Gandhi NREGA. SECURE. What are the basic steps for creating estimate for any MGNREGA works?. Visit the site. Prepare location map/site map Prepare drawing
What is market rate? Items which are not available in the DSoR, but we like to use in the estimate for a particular MGNREGA work. Those item are called market rate items. Every state can have separate list of market rate items in SECURE. For eg: MR1 - Solid blocks of size 40x20x20cm each 48.50 MR2 - Solid blocks of size 30x20x20cm each 36.50 Like wise state wise MR item should be identified. For eg. Kerala, Rajastan,Telegana is having item with different unit & description
Noida and Mumbai: In 2020-21, the union government had estimated a budget of Rs 30.4 lakh crore on February 1, 2020. But when it declared the revised budget on February 1, 2021, the amount was 13.4% larger, at Rs 34.5 lakh crore, budget documents show.
In this context, all eyes were on the Union Budget 2020-21 to see how the Central Government would leverage its only legislative mechanism to provide employment and alleviate rural distress i.e. the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. And the result has been worse than expected, and deeply distressing. The BJP Government has reduced the budgetary allocation of MGNREGA by Rs 9,500 crores from its revised estimate of 2019-20. The revised estimate of MGNREGA in 2019-20 was Rs 71,000 crore, and the budget estimate of MGNREGA for 2020-21 as announced in the Union Budget today stood at Rs 61,500 crore. The reduction in the budgetary allocation is taking place when the minimum allocation needed to protect the MGNREGA as status quo is nearly Rs 85,927* crore. This in itself is a suppressed figure because:
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