Damage
Damage is determined by rolling the
dice listed with the weapon. Melee weapons deal their listed damage + Strength
modifier. Ranged weapons usually do only their listed damage. Some weapons
gain additional bonuses from magic or other effects. Spells do their listed
damage.
Damage Types: There are many
"types" of damage in the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game. Here are
some of the more common forms:
Weapon/Natural Attacks
Weapon/natural attacks typically deal
hit point (hp) damage and as such can be reduced by damage reduction.
Bludgeoning: Bludgeoning
damage is typically caused by blunt objects such as clubs, hammers, boulders,
or natural attacks that are blunt in nature. Some spells that summon or
conjure solid objects may also say the damage the spell deals is bludgeoning
damage. A monsters slam attacks usually deal bludgeoning damage. The damage
dealt reduces a creatures current hit points (hp) by the amount rolled.
Piercing: Piercing
damage is typically dealt by physical attacks that stab or thrust. A monster's
gore or sting attacks usually deal piercing damage. The damage dealt reduces
a creatures current hit points (hp) by the amount rolled.
Slashing: Slashing
damage is typically caused by sharp-edged weapons or natural physical attacks
that cut. usually deal this sort of damage and the damage it deals
reduces a creatures current hit points (hp) by the amount rolled.
Energy Damage
Energy damage is typically dealt by
spells (usually evocation spells such as fireball or cone of cold) and
typically deals hit point (hp) damage, but unlike damage dealt by weapons
or natural attacks, damage reduction usually is not effective against it.
Instead, a creature typically must have energy resistance to reduce the
amount of damage it takes from one of these sources. Spells or effects
with any of the descriptors [acid], [cold], [electricity], [fire], or [sonic]
typically deal energy damage. Energy resistance is usually effective against
these types of energy damage.
Special Damage Types
Ability Damage:
Ability damage is a special type of damage that applies to a creatures
ability scores, not to its hit points as most other damage types do. When
a creature takes ability damage it applies a penalty to all skills and
other checks which are normally affected or modified by that ability score.
Diseases, poisons, spells, and other abilities can all deal ability
damage. This damage does not actually reduce an ability, but it does apply
a penalty to the skills and statistics that are based on that ability.
Damage reduction is not effective against ability damage because damage
reduction reduces the number of hit points of damage an attack deals whereas
ability damage is not hp (hit point) damage.
Nonlethal: Nonlethal
damage is typically dealt by blunt natural attacks such as fists. Unlike
weapon or natural attacks, nonlethal damage does not reduce a creatures
current hit points (hp) but instead is tracked separately. When the amount
of nonlethal damage a creature has taken equals its current hit points
it gains the staggered condition. Nonlethal damage is healed (recovered)
much more quickly than hit point (hp) damage.
Precision Damage:
Precision damage is a special type of damage, which might more appropriately
be called a "category" of damage because any of the other damage
types listed here might also be considered "precision" damage
under the right circumstances. Precision damage is usually dealt by classes
like the rogue when he is able to catch an opponent unable to fully protect
itself. Precision damage assumes that the target has a somewhat normal
anatomy or at least has a physical form which might have weak spots which
could be detected or taken advantage of. Previous editions of the game
(prior to the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game) limited what sorts of creatures
are vulnerable to precision damage more than the Pathfinder Roleplaying
Game does. This was a deliberate change to make a key class feature of
classes like the rogue more frequently usable. Attacks which affect areas
(such as splash weapons) usually do not deal precision damage.
Positive and Negative
Energy: While these forms of damage are referred to as "energy,"
energy resistance typically isn't effective against either form. Negative
energy attacks a creatures life force and is typically dealt by undead
or necromantic effects. Positive energy instills a surge of life energy
which typically heals living creatures but damages undead creatures.