Oxfordshire is in the grip of ‘the computer says roads’.
Graham Smith
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/feb/23/computer-says-road-call-for-change-to-crude-planning-models
Begin forwarded message:
From: robert....@udg.org.uk
Date: 24 February 2022 at 00:05:41 GMT
To: Graham Smith <gps...@brookes.ac.uk>
Subject: RE: Project Update #105: Let's rescue Britain's forgotten 1930s protected cycleways by Carlton Reid
Crawley bypass – problem is they are still building them!
One for after sunrise I think!
All the best
Robert
Computer says roads…
Link to Guardian article
Link to paper
https://www.createstreets.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Computer-says-road-1.pdf
From: Graham Smith <gps...@brookes.ac.uk>
Sent: 24 February 2022 00:00
To: robert huxford <robert....@udg.org.uk>
Subject: Fwd: Project Update #105: Let's rescue Britain's forgotten 1930s protected cycleways by Carlton Reid
Robert,
Are you a Kickstarter?
You may enjoy this - and the links.
Graham
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Kickstarter <no-r...@kickstarter.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Feb 2022 at 20:57
Subject: Project Update #105: Let's rescue Britain's forgotten 1930s protected cycleways by Carlton Reid
To: <gps...@brookes.ac.uk>
Huge 1930s cycle tracks report due soon – I'm still hard at work figuring out which of the 200 period schemes I'm researching pass muster. I'm confident about just over 100 of them and, before I send you the full, meaty report, I thought I'd share just two. Below you'll find my written-up research on the bypasses of Crawley and Northwich. Of the 100 or so schemes I'm calling as period (with proof from council reports, period mapping, Google Earth's 1945 aerial layer, period newspaper reports, site visits and more) these two show some pretty granular detail. I've also paid for scans of maps and photographs for Crawley bypass and, of course, you helped with that. So, as always, thanks for your support and your continued patience. In a couple of weeks I'll be able to send you the full breakdown of the schemes, with a book-length report on the background to the project to follow perhaps four or five months after that. Carlton PS The * below denote text that will be in italics. CRAWLEY BYPASS, A23 DATE OPENED/BUILT: 1939 LENGTH: 2.5 miles (3.95kms) WIDTH: 9-ft but looks narrower in parts: https://goo.gl/maps/BuSBFsGhuSydWtto9 ADJOINING FOOTWAY: Yes, say some period newspapers; no, said letter in *The Times*. ROAD TYPE: Urban dual carriageway. SURFACE: Modern asphalt BOTH SIDES OF ROAD: Yes. ADJACENT TO SOCIAL HOUSING: No START: https://goo.gl/maps/SiL3nMvsrTrBwWR16 END: https://goo.gl/maps/neg3BYv2iok2j8qh8 PERIOD MAPPING: OS 1:10,000 surveyed/revised 1869 to 1963, published: 1963 https://maps.nls.uk/view/189258995; OS 1:2,500 surveyed 1958 to 1959, published https://maps.nls.uk/view/103194235 Shows cycle tracks. OS 1:10,000 surveyed/revised1873 to 1962, published: 1963 https://maps.nls.uk/view/189259016 shows Broadfield Farm, start of the bypass and cycle track OPENCYCLEMAP STATUS: https://www.opencyclemap.org/?zoom=16&lat=51.11272&lon=-0.20433&layers=B0000 Marked as cycleway both sides of the road. SOURCES: Period maps, newspaper reports, period film, aerial photography. OTHER: Period subway (now shared use) beneath Southgate roundabout: https://goo.gl/maps/QmGtLtwuUs37WVMK9 Construction of the Crawley Bypass Road (A23) near Buckswood Grange and environs, Crawley, from the south-east, 1937, https://www.britainfromabove.org.uk/en/image/EPW054132 A 38-second Gaumont British News clip broadcast in 1939 showed the “amazing” Crawley bypass which, the chipper announcer said, will result in “two and a half miles of happier motoring.”[1] The new road, named Crawley Avenue, was opened “at exactly 8 o’clock, on Sunday [9 July 1939] when workmen removed the barriers that guarded the entrances to … the immense arc of concrete that will carry millions of cars, and spare motorists the irritation and delay of the ill-famed crossing gates that have earned for the town the nick-name ‘Creepy Crawley,’” stated a local newspaper report. The opening, continued the reporter, was “an event that will have a far-reaching effect on the future life of Crawley,” but it was “effected without fuss or ceremony, witnessed by a mere handful motorists and cyclists, who waited at the Tushmore entrance to have the distinction of being the first to use this most modern road in Britain.” The road, said the reporter, “is a dual carriageway 120 feet in width, flanked by a cycle path and a footpath on each side and with a strip of land dividing the tracks.[2] The cycle tracks were “each 9ft. wide, and two footpaths each 6ft. wide” stated the *Cambridge Daily News*.[3] Describing the bypass to come, the *West Sussex County Times* in 1937 reported that “commencing at the junction of the London-Brighton-road (A23), approximately 100 yards south of Tushmore-lane, the new road traverses across country in a south westerly direction ...and terminates at a point approximately 30 yards south of the entrance to Broadfield Farm.”[4] Transport minister Captain Euan Wallace visited the road a month before it opened, claiming it “may serve as a model for the scheme of trunk road improvements” elsewhere in the country, reported *The Scotsman*.[5] The newspaper also stated that the Crawley bypass had a “pedestrian subway.” This is not the subways and shared use paths beneath the Southgate roundabout. This scheme was built in 1972.[6] NOTES [1] https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA3Q396QOAH5KV7VADL53KGTLDG-CRAWLEY-BYPASS-UNDER-CONSTRUCTION/query/Crawley [2] *West Sussex County Times*, 14 July 1939. [3] *Cambridge Daily News*, 6 July 1939. [4] *West Sussex County Times*, 27 August 1937. [5] *The Scotsman*, 2 June 1939. [6] *Kent & Sussex Courier*, 27 October 1972. NORTHWICH BYPASS DATE OPENED/BUILT: 1939 LENGTH: 2.93 miles (4.72kms) WIDTH: 9ft (2.74m). ADJOINING FOOTWAY: Yes. ROAD TYPE: Rural dual carriageway. SURFACE: Asphalt. BOTH SIDES OF ROAD: Yes. ADJACENT TO SOCIAL HOUSING: No. START: https://goo.gl/maps/S9wRxxEbHBNpVZBEA END: https://goo.gl/maps/bU6SUSq5XaFL44FNA PERIOD MAPPING: OS Six inch revised 1938, published 1947 https://maps.nls.uk/view/101598802 Shows full length of central section of bypass; hatchings included but does not label the tracks as “cycle tracks.” OPENCYCLEMAP STATUS: https://www.opencyclemap.org/?zoom=17&lat=53.24288&lon=-2.49239&layers=B0000 Cycleways and footways shown on both sides of central section of bypass. SOURCES: Period maps, period newspapers, Google Earth 1945 aerial layer. Planned in 1930, then halted in 1935 after the Ministry of Transport demanded the inclusion of 9-ft-wide cycle tracks, the Northwich bypass — or, at least, a three-mile central section of it — was finally opened on 25 May, 1939. Land for the bypass had been sterilised for six miles from Sandiway Bank (to the south-west of Northwich) to Lostock Graham (to the north-east) but as can be seen clearly on Google Earth’s 1945 aerial layer the taper ends of the bypass were not finished by the end of the war. The full bypass was opened on 15 December 1958, but with high-quality cycle tracks only on the pre-war section.[1] The 1945 aerial layer shows the cycle tracks and footways clearly. They extend from School Lane, Hartford, to King Street, Broken Cross. Today they are overgrown in places but the cycle tracks and the footways are still in use. “The scheme for the construction of the Northwich by-pass road, which was proposed five years ago, and was estimated to cost £150,000, is threatened with serious delay,” reported the *Cheshire Observer* in April 1935.[2] A delay, continued the newspaper, caused by the Minister of Transport who “now asks that the road should be provided with two cycle tracks and footpaths.” This was a “calamity,” said Mr. J. A. Cowley, clerk to the Northwich Urban Council. “If the Minister insisted on a dual carriage way with cycle tracks and footpaths, the cost would be increased from £50,000 per mile to £190,000 a mile,” pointed out Major Tomkinson, chairman of the Main Roads’ Committee of the Cheshire County Council in August 1935.[3] The council’s 1930 plan called for a road of 60 feet with a single carriageway of 30 feet. The revised plan demanded by the MoT called for a 120 foot road with cycle tracks. “We have to consider,” said Major Tompkinson, “whether roads of this class are necessary, and whether we can afford them.” After the MoT offered to pay 75 percent of the road’s budget the cost to the ratepayers of Cheshire for this £280,000 bypass was only £12,000. Still the County Council complained but, in November, the MoT insisted that “in view of the traffic which the new road was likely to carry, the importance of the route, of which it would form part, and the fact that it represents a substantial piece of new construction for approximately 6.5 miles, the Minister could not see his way to depart from the opinion that, in spite of the enhanced cost, it would be in the interests of public safety that the bypass should be equipped with dual carriageways and cycle tracks.”[4] By May 1936 the council backed down, and work on the central section of the bypass could begin. “The present proposal is to construct a length of three miles between Model Farm, Hartford, and Broken Cross, which will form a link between existing roads,” reported the *Liverpool Echo*. “Each of the dual carriageways will be 22ft. wide,” said the newspaper. “The cycle track. will be 9ft. and the footpaths 6ft. wide.”[5] “It expected that the work the middle section of the by-pass will be completed by the end of 1938,” continued the newspaper, which was only out by five months. In June 1939, just a month after it opened, a motorist shouted at cyclists riding on the bypass telling them to ride on the track provided for them. Neville Percy Alexander, a 21-year-old from Stockport was fined at Northwich Police Court for driving his car without reasonable consideration for other road users at Rudheath on 4 June. “Evidence was given that Alexander cut in front of cyclists on the new Northwich by-pass and shouted to them to get on to the cycle track,” reported the *Manchester Evening News*. “Fred Collins [of Pendlebury], one of the cyclists, said they were using the carriage way because there were a lot of pedestrians on the cycle track,” continued the report. In a letter to the court, Alexander stated that as he passed the cyclists he slowed down and “told them to get on the cycle track.” He complained that “they shouted back derisively.”[6] While Collins and his cycling chums didn’t use the cycle track there are several period reports of other people on bicycles doing so. A collision between two cyclists on the Northwich by-pass near Hartford Bridge was described at Northwich Petty Sessions, reported a newspaper in 1944. Runcorn tannery worker Mark Rose was accused of riding a bicycle negligently causing hurt and damage to Doris Lowe on 24 June. “Inspector A. Hughes said that Miss Lowe was cycling along the By-Pass on the special track towards the bridge when defendant, also on a bicycle, suddenly turned into the cycle track from the main carriageway immediately in front of Miss Lowe, causing her to fall off her machine,” reported the *Winsford Chronicle*.[7] Four years later, a Davenham draughtsman was caught with a plank of wood while riding on the Northwich bypass. Despite being “a man of good character and of some responsibility at his work,” magistrates fined Arthur Kennet Davies for theft. His excuse had been he was only carrying the 12-foot length of timber to prove that he had ridden into it. “He ran on to the cycle track on the by-pass road, where there was little traffic, so that be could safely lean over and test the dynamo connections as he rode along,” his defence claimed. “When I was approaching the island, this post, lying across the track, diverted my front wheel, the cycle hit the kerb and I came off,” said Davies. “I had the idea of taking the plank home and ringing up the District Surveyor to ask him who was responsible and to ask him to send someone to collect it,” continued Davies, who was stopped by a policeman. “I had no intention of stealing the plank,” he told the magistrate, to no avail.[8] Eleven years later — and a year after the full bypass opened — a road safety officer fretted that “a stranger might think the cycle track ran for the whole of the length of the by-pass.” The cycle track didn’t quite reach the entrance to School Lane in Hartford and Mr. H. S. Smith, a member of Mid-Cheshire Road Safety committee, said “there will be death on this road” unless improvements are made at the lane’s junction with the bypass. “The cycle track ends before drawing level with the entrance to School-lane and it is therefore necessary for children to proceed along the carriageway for a short distance and then make the right-handed turn across the Manchester-directed traffic line,” worried Smith.[9] Agreeing, Mr. D. N. Marshall, the Mid-Cheshire Road Safety Officer, said it would improve matters if the cycle track was extended to end directly opposite the entrance to School-lane. Google Street View shows that it does therefore remedial work must have been carried out on the junction some time after April 1959.[10] There are narrow, footway-style paths on the taper ends of the Northwich bypass. Google Street View shows that school children and cyclists still use the cycle track and footway at the School Lane junction.[11] NOTES [1] http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1959/feb/04/northwich-by-pass [2] *Cheshire Observer*, 13 April 1935. [3] *Liverpool Echo*, 1 August 1935. [4] *Cheshire Observer*, 9 November 1935. [5] *Liverpool Echo*, 18 May 1936. [6] *Manchester Evening News*, 11 July 1939. [7] *Winsford Chronicle*, 29 July 1944. [8] *Winsford Chronicle*, 10 April 1948. [9] *Winsford Chronicle*, 4 April 1959. [10] *Winsford Chronicle*, 4 April 1959. [11] https://goo.gl/maps/CZUyi9iHHd2foFPw9
Posted by Carlton Reid
Feb 22, 2022
For backers only
I'm still hard at work figuring out which of the 200 period schemes I'm researching pass muster. I'm confident about just over 100 of them and, before I send you the full, meaty report, I thought I'd share just two.
Below you'll find my written-up research on the bypasses of Crawley and Northwich. Of the 100 or so schemes I'm calling as period (with proof from council reports, period mapping, Google Earth's 1945 aerial layer, period newspaper reports, site visits and more) these two show some pretty granular detail. I've also paid for scans of maps and photographs for Crawley bypass and, of course, you helped with that.
So, as always, thanks for your support and your continued patience. In a couple of weeks I'll be able to send you the full breakdown of the schemes, with a book-length report on the background to the project to follow perhaps four or five months after that.
Carlton
PS
The * below denote text that will be in italics.
Cycle tracks under construction next to the Crawley bypass, 1938
CRAWLEY BYPASS, A23
DATE OPENED/BUILT: 1939
LENGTH: 2.5 miles (3.95kms)
WIDTH: 9-ft but looks narrower in parts: https://goo.gl/maps/BuSBFsGhuSydWtto9
ADJOINING FOOTWAY: Yes, say some period newspapers; no, said letter in *The Times*.
ROAD TYPE: Urban dual carriageway.
SURFACE: Modern asphalt
BOTH SIDES OF ROAD: Yes.
ADJACENT TO SOCIAL HOUSING: No
START: https://goo.gl/maps/SiL3nMvsrTrBwWR16
END: https://goo.gl/maps/neg3BYv2iok2j8qh8
PERIOD MAPPING: OS 1:10,000 surveyed/revised 1869 to 1963, published: 1963 https://maps.nls.uk/view/189258995; OS 1:2,500 surveyed 1958 to 1959, published https://maps.nls.uk/view/103194235 Shows cycle tracks. OS 1:10,000 surveyed/revised1873 to 1962, published: 1963 https://maps.nls.uk/view/189259016 shows Broadfield Farm, start of the bypass and cycle track
OPENCYCLEMAP STATUS: https://www.opencyclemap.org/?zoom=16&lat=51.11272&lon=-0.20433&layers=B0000 Marked as cycleway both sides of the road.
SOURCES: Period maps, newspaper reports, period film, aerial photography.
OTHER: Period subway (now shared use) beneath Southgate roundabout: https://goo.gl/maps/QmGtLtwuUs37WVMK9 Construction of the Crawley Bypass Road (A23) near Buckswood Grange and environs, Crawley, from the south-east, 1937, https://www.britainfromabove.org.uk/en/image/EPW054132
A 38-second Gaumont British News clip broadcast in 1939 showed the “amazing” Crawley bypass which, the chipper announcer said, will result in “two and a half miles of happier motoring.”[1]
The new road, named Crawley Avenue, was opened “at exactly 8 o’clock, on Sunday [9 July 1939] when workmen removed the barriers that guarded the entrances to … the immense arc of concrete that will carry millions of cars, and spare motorists the irritation and delay of the ill-famed crossing gates that have earned for the town the nick-name ‘Creepy Crawley,’” stated a local newspaper report.
The opening, continued the reporter, was “an event that will have a far-reaching effect on the future life of Crawley,” but it was “effected without fuss or ceremony, witnessed by a mere handful motorists and cyclists, who waited at the Tushmore entrance to have the distinction of being the first to use this most modern road in Britain.”
The road, said the reporter, “is a dual carriageway 120 feet in width, flanked by a cycle path and a footpath on each side and with a strip of land dividing the tracks.[2]
The cycle tracks were “each 9ft. wide, and two footpaths each 6ft. wide” stated the *Cambridge Daily News*.[3]
Describing the bypass to come, the *West Sussex County Times* in 1937 reported that “commencing at the junction of the London-Brighton-road (A23), approximately 100 yards south of Tushmore-lane, the new road traverses across country in a south westerly direction ...and terminates at a point approximately 30 yards south of the entrance to Broadfield Farm.”[4]
Transport minister Captain Euan Wallace visited the road a month before it opened, claiming it “may serve as a model for the scheme of trunk road improvements” elsewhere in the country, reported *The Scotsman*.[5]
The newspaper also stated that the Crawley bypass had a “pedestrian subway.” This is not the subways and shared use paths beneath the Southgate roundabout. This scheme was built in 1972.[6]
NOTES
[2] *West Sussex County Times*, 14 July 1939.
[3] *Cambridge Daily News*, 6 July 1939.
[4] *West Sussex County Times*, 27 August 1937.
[5] *The Scotsman*, 2 June 1939.
[6] *Kent & Sussex Courier*, 27 October 1972.
Highway Code advertisement, 1947
NORTHWICH BYPASS
DATE OPENED/BUILT: 1939
LENGTH: 2.93 miles (4.72kms)
WIDTH: 9ft (2.74m).
ADJOINING FOOTWAY: Yes.
ROAD TYPE: Rural dual carriageway.
SURFACE: Asphalt.
BOTH SIDES OF ROAD: Yes.
ADJACENT TO SOCIAL HOUSING: No.
START: https://goo.gl/maps/S9wRxxEbHBNpVZBEA
END: https://goo.gl/maps/bU6SUSq5XaFL44FNA
PERIOD MAPPING: OS Six inch revised 1938, published 1947 https://maps.nls.uk/view/101598802 Shows full length of central section of bypass; hatchings included but does not label the tracks as “cycle tracks.”
OPENCYCLEMAP STATUS: https://www.opencyclemap.org/?zoom=17&lat=53.24288&lon=-2.49239&layers=B0000 Cycleways and footways shown on both sides of central section of bypass.
SOURCES: Period maps, period newspapers, Google Earth 1945 aerial layer.
Planned in 1930, then halted in 1935 after the Ministry of Transport demanded the inclusion of 9-ft-wide cycle tracks, the Northwich bypass — or, at least, a three-mile central section of it — was finally opened on 25 May, 1939.
Land for the bypass had been sterilised for six miles from Sandiway Bank (to the south-west of Northwich) to Lostock Graham (to the north-east) but as can be seen clearly on Google Earth’s 1945 aerial layer the taper ends of the bypass were not finished by the end of the war. The full bypass was opened on 15 December 1958, but with high-quality cycle tracks only on the pre-war section.[1]
The 1945 aerial layer shows the cycle tracks and footways clearly. They extend from School Lane, Hartford, to King Street, Broken Cross. Today they are overgrown in places but the cycle tracks and the footways are still in use.
“The scheme for the construction of the Northwich by-pass road, which was proposed five years ago, and was estimated to cost £150,000, is threatened with serious delay,” reported the *Cheshire Observer* in April 1935.[2]
A delay, continued the newspaper, caused by the Minister of Transport who “now asks that the road should be provided with two cycle tracks and footpaths.”
This was a “calamity,” said Mr. J. A. Cowley, clerk to the Northwich Urban Council.
“If the Minister insisted on a dual carriage way with cycle tracks and footpaths, the cost would be increased from £50,000 per mile to £190,000 a mile,” pointed out Major Tomkinson, chairman of the Main Roads’ Committee of the Cheshire County Council in August 1935.[3]
The council’s 1930 plan called for a road of 60 feet with a single carriageway of 30 feet. The revised plan demanded by the MoT called for a 120 foot road with cycle tracks.
“We have to consider,” said Major Tompkinson, “whether roads of this class are necessary, and whether we can afford them.”
After the MoT offered to pay 75 percent of the road’s budget the cost to the ratepayers of Cheshire for this £280,000 bypass was only £12,000.
Still the County Council complained but, in November, the MoT insisted that “in view of the traffic which the new road was likely to carry, the importance of the route, of which it would form part, and the fact that it represents a substantial piece of new construction for approximately 6.5 miles, the Minister could not see his way to depart from the opinion that, in spite of the enhanced cost, it would be in the interests of public safety that the bypass should be equipped with dual carriageways and cycle tracks.”[4]
By May 1936 the council backed down, and work on the central section of the bypass could begin.
“The present proposal is to construct a length of three miles between Model Farm, Hartford, and Broken Cross, which will form a link between existing roads,” reported the *Liverpool Echo*.
“Each of the dual carriageways will be 22ft. wide,” said the newspaper.
“The cycle track. will be 9ft. and the footpaths 6ft. wide.”[5]
“It expected that the work the middle section of the by-pass will be completed by the end of 1938,” continued the newspaper, which was only out by five months.
In June 1939, just a month after it opened, a motorist shouted at cyclists riding on the bypass telling them to ride on the track provided for them.
Neville Percy Alexander, a 21-year-old from Stockport was fined at Northwich Police Court for driving his car without reasonable consideration for other road users at Rudheath on 4 June.
“Evidence was given that Alexander cut in front of cyclists on the new Northwich by-pass and shouted to them to get on to the cycle track,” reported the *Manchester Evening News*.
“Fred Collins [of Pendlebury], one of the cyclists, said they were using the carriage way because there were a lot of pedestrians on the cycle track,” continued the report.
In a letter to the court, Alexander stated that as he passed the cyclists he slowed down and “told them to get on the cycle track.” He complained that “they shouted back derisively.”[6]
While Collins and his cycling chums didn’t use the cycle track there are several period reports of other people on bicycles doing so.
A collision between two cyclists on the Northwich by-pass near Hartford Bridge was described at Northwich Petty Sessions, reported a newspaper in 1944.
Runcorn tannery worker Mark Rose was accused of riding a bicycle negligently causing hurt and damage to Doris Lowe on 24 June.
“Inspector A. Hughes said that Miss Lowe was cycling along the By-Pass on the special track towards the bridge when defendant, also on a bicycle, suddenly turned into the cycle track from the main carriageway immediately in front of Miss Lowe, causing her to fall off her machine,” reported the *Winsford Chronicle*.[7]
Four years later, a Davenham draughtsman was caught with a plank of wood while riding on the Northwich bypass. Despite being “a man of good character and of some responsibility at his work,” magistrates fined Arthur Kennet Davies for theft. His excuse had been he was only carrying the 12-foot length of timber to prove that he had ridden into it.
“He ran on to the cycle track on the by-pass road, where there was little traffic, so that be could safely lean over and test the dynamo connections as he rode along,” his defence claimed.
“When I was approaching the island, this post, lying across the track, diverted my front wheel, the cycle hit the kerb and I came off,” said Davies.
“I had the idea of taking the plank home and ringing up the District Surveyor to ask him who was responsible and to ask him to send someone to collect it,” continued Davies, who was stopped by a policeman.
“I had no intention of stealing the plank,” he told the magistrate, to no avail.[8]
Eleven years later — and a year after the full bypass opened — a road safety officer fretted that “a stranger might think the cycle track ran for the whole of the length of the by-pass.”
The cycle track didn’t quite reach the entrance to School Lane in Hartford and Mr. H. S. Smith, a member of Mid-Cheshire Road Safety committee, said “there will be death on this road” unless improvements are made at the lane’s junction with the bypass.
“The cycle track ends before drawing level with the entrance to School-lane and it is therefore necessary for children to proceed along the carriageway for a short distance and then make the right-handed turn across the Manchester-directed traffic line,” worried Smith.[9]
Agreeing, Mr. D. N. Marshall, the Mid-Cheshire Road Safety Officer, said it would improve matters if the cycle track was extended to end directly opposite the entrance to School-lane. Google Street View shows that it does therefore remedial work must have been carried out on the junction some time after April 1959.[10]
There are narrow, footway-style paths on the taper ends of the Northwich bypass. Google Street View shows that school children and cyclists still use the cycle track and footway at the School Lane junction.[11]
NOTES
[1] http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1959/feb/04/northwich-by-pass
[2] *Cheshire Observer*, 13 April 1935.
[3] *Liverpool Echo*, 1 August 1935.
[4] *Cheshire Observer*, 9 November 1935.
[5] *Liverpool Echo*, 18 May 1936.
[6] *Manchester Evening News*, 11 July 1939.
[7] *Winsford Chronicle*, 29 July 1944.
[8] *Winsford Chronicle*, 10 April 1948.
[9] *Winsford Chronicle*, 4 April 1959.
[10] *Winsford Chronicle*, 4 April 1959.
Show support and stay involved—let Carlton Reid know you read this update.
Like
or Comment
More from this creator
Update #104
Update #103
Recommended for you
Support another creative project today.
£9,130
pledged
256
backers
3
days left
Tube Station Typologies 1924 - 1961
Annotated photobook documenting historic London Underground stations built between 1924 and 1961.
by Art Deco Magpie Publishing
$25,213
pledged
263
backers
37
days left
#UNTRUTH - Psychology of Trumpism; War for Democracy
#UNTRUTH explores the psychology underlying the dangerous cult of Trumpism, and its "alternative realities." From the makers of #UNFIT.
by UNTRUTH LLC.
$2,364
pledged
37
backers
13
days left
Paradox Mountain Bike Prototype
A new patent-protected full-suspension mountain bike prototype.
by Bryan McFarland
£17,114
pledged
256
backers
12
days left
The Gospel of Luke: Word for Word Bible Comic: NIV and NVI
Historical, unabridged & faithful presentation of the life of Jesus Christ. For Christian or non- religious comicbook fans aged 12-50+
by Simon Amadeus Pillario (A Morgan)
Don't want to receive updates from this project? That's okay, you can unsubscribe.
Kickstarter, PBC · 58 Kent St, Brooklyn, NY 11222
