Hey Denis,
You found our in-progress work on the next iteration of cola :) The code in master isn't ready for public consumption yet.
To explain, though, LocalStorage, Rest, and Array are datasources. They provide an abstract interface to different data storage "endpoints" from/to which cola and fetch and store data. As you probably guessed, LocalStorage manages data in window.localStorage, Rest manages data at a REST endpoint (via rest.js), and Array manages data in a plain JS Array. There will likely be others.
Mediator is very much a work in progress. We're working on different experiments for automatically mediating between views, controllers, models, and datasources. Mediator is one such experiment, and we have a fews others, but we don't want to give away too much yet :)
Are you using another version of cola already? Perhaps 0.1.3 or 0.1.5?