The Wiki has some details specific to the A10,
http://linux-sunxi.org/GPIO
Then, you can read the tutorial for the RPi at
http://elinux.org/RPi_Tutorial_EGHS:LED_output
It mentions two things
1. It is very important to be careful, because the direct access to
the GPIO pins with the wrong power can damage your Cubieboard.
Normally you get a baseboard (like the one that George is creating?)
that provides some protection if you send excessive current.
2. When you attach an LED, one part goes to the GND, the other to the
GPIO. However, you must put a resistor (as shown in the above URL) in
between, so that the current does not damage the board. The page also
shows how to calculate the transistor resistance.
Now, regarding the programming, there is a Python module for GPIO and
the RPi. It might work with the Cubieboard.
Or, you can try with C. I think that with Java you would need to
investigate what it says at
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serial_Programming/Serial_Java
If someone is more knowledgable for this stuff, they can provide
instructions for a simply blink app.
Simos