4. Q: When a node synchronizes its clock to that of another node, it is
generally a good idea to take previous measurements into account as well.
Why? Also, give an example of how such past readings could be taken into
account.
A: The obvious reason is that there may be an error in the current reading.
Assuming that clocks need only be gradually adjusted, one possibility is to
consider the last N values and compute a median or average. If the measured
value falls outside a current interval, it is not taken into account (but is
added to the list). Likewise, a new value can be computed by taking a
weighted average, or an aging algorithm.