Happy Go Lucky 1943 Ok.ru

[Olympia Brackin]

Ifyou haven't requested his records you should do so to learn more about him, although the soldier's picture wasn't an official part of the record so it may or may not be there The Archive staff will usually respond with info on requesting records, or see here Official Military Personnel Files (OMPF), Archival Records Requests.

- I wasn't sure what class at Wichita University (now Wichita State University) he was in.I did find a Cahill Jones listed in the 1941-43 yearbooks but wasn't sure this was him.Would he have gone by Cahill Jones? If so there are multiple images of him. Let me know.

- That said you can browse the Wichita Univ. yearbooks online! this is a link to the Wichita U. 1941 yearbook that you can browse - page by page - look for the Alpha Gamma Gamma fraternity as he was a member & they show this same pic of him - there is a page with info on the frat -

- he is listed as a 2nd Lt for the 2nd semester - look for the "Scabbard & Blade page in the yearbook if he had finished schoo he would have gone in as an officer - I assume he dropped out to enlist but you should check with the school re: any records they may have or memoriam for alumni lost in the War

I'm so happy I could help! I'm not usually as lucky to find all the yearbooks available & often have to suggest people look at local library or VFW or American Legion or or historical society to see if they commemorated local soldiers lost in the War.

Found this page on your uncle - not sure where they got the picture - its a Dutch group that tries to find info on the soldiers [don't know anything about the group so don't share any info you aren't comfortable with)

The Still Picture Branch has many candid photos of U.S. Military personnel but in most of them, there is no identification of the people shown. We have name indexes for the Army and Navy, filed by the last name that are digitized within our online catalog.

You can find the Army index as 111-PX: Index to Personalities in the U.S. Army Signal Corps Photographic Files in our catalog here: catalog.archives.gov/.../530686. A tutorial on how to use the Army, WWII and Korea personality index can be found at: historyhub.history.gov/.../researching-personalities-in-u-s-army-photographs.

You can find the Navy index as 80-GX: Index to Photographs of Personalities in the General Photographic File of the Department of Navy. A tutorial on how to use the Navy WWII personality index can be found at: historyhub.history.gov/.../how-to-search-still-photographs-for-world-war-ii-navy-personalities.

The Marine Corps index, 127-PX: Indexes to Photographs of Marine Corps and Noted Civilian Personalities, has not been digitized. If your relative was in the Marine Corps, please contact stil...@nara.gov with his full name, branch, and dates of service, and a staff member will search for you.

We invite you to continue the conversation with community members on History Hub, but should you have follow up questions for the staff at Archives II, please email us at stil...@nara.gov so that we can assist you further.

Our exhibits are spread out in several buildings across the NIH campus. At this point in time, the NIH campus is closed to visitors except for those who are participating in clinical protocols or who have other business on campus. We look forward to welcoming visitors again in the near future.

MM: OK. Good afternoon. Today is the ninth of February, and we're in Dr. Bennett's apartment-Dr. Gary Bennett's apartment in Philadelphia, with an absolutely beautiful view of Philadelphia--which could easily distract us, but we'll try not to be distracted. Can you turn on your microphone and say hello so we can see if it's working?

GB: Two false starts. A false start as a history major, a topic that I still love, and then an Italian major. I was the only non-Italian kid in New Jersey studying Italian. And then realizing that one couldn't make a living doing that, I developed an interest in psychology and graduated with a bachelor's degree in psychology, heavily oriented toward what was then called experimental psychology, which eventually of course merged with neurophysiology and neuroanatomy and became neuroscience.

GB: In those days the draft was a lottery, of course, that went by your birthday.[4] And then everyone with that birthday was further broken down into subgroups based on the first letter of your last name. My birthday and the letter Bs were the very last people to be drafted in the nine years of the war.

But I had heard of a fellow across town, [at] the sister campus across town, the Medical College of Virginia, which was amalgamated into Virginia Commonwealth University but had a separate campus. I knew a fellow over there named John Rosecrans,[6] who was a pharmacologist studying opiate drugs, in particular the stimulus properties of opiate drugs and addiction. He wasn't a pain guy at all; he was interested in opiate euphoria and in addiction. And heroin addiction was a legitimate problem for the United States Army in Vietnam. So I said, "Sure; let me be a research assistant studying the problems of opiate addiction." And they said yeah. So I worked in John's lab for two years on that.

GB: That's exactly how it happened. You couldn't walk by. You couldn't ignore it! It was just too bizarre. It was Felliniesque.[11] It was just unbelievable. I mean, Price--when Donald gets angry he gesticulates a lot, you know, and the monkey's on the table with tubes coming out of everything, and Mayer's smoking a cigarette. It's just an extraordinary sight. So I went in. And so they started to tell me what they were doing, and it was fascinating, and I hung around. And about an hour later the experiment finally gets under way, and I'm looking at what's going on, and Mayer looks at his watch and says, "Oh, it's lunchtime. Don, let's go get some lunch. Gary, you stay here and do the experiment, OK?"

GB: Well, it didn't look that hard; I mean, the surgery was already done; the rest of the experiment's pretty easy, so I said, "Sure." I stayed there for an hour and fooled around and did it until they came back from lunch.

GB: Not an obvious thing to do, I guess; in hindsight it looks obvious, but at the time I don't think it was obvious. Naloxone was an opiate analgesia, and what did that have to do with your electrodes? But of course once you saw that the electrically evoked analgesia was reversed by naloxone, you knew that you had tied two things together. You tied electrical stimulation, analgesia, and opiate pharmacology together, and you had the obvious conclusion that the electrical stimulation was releasing morphine or something very similar to it. And that was a wonderful observation. So he was pursuing that work, and I joined him on that, and what was my dissertation research? What was I doing? Oh, after fooling around for a little bit on unproductive experiments, we decided to look and see if we could stimulate the periaqueductal gray and record from spinal cord dorsal horn neurons that were responding to painful stimuli and see if that stimulation was modulating their activity. It didn't have to be in the spinal cord; that stimulation could have been modulating the activity anywhere in the central nervous system. But we thought, let's start at the beginning, down in the spinal cord, and see if the first neuron in the chain is modulated. And so I would implant rats, test the efficacy of my electrodes in behavioral experiments to guarantee that the phenomenon was there, and then go into an electrophysiological experiment where I exposed the lumbar spinal cord, go into the lumbar, the dorsal horn, find a pain-responsive neuron, characterize what it did before and after electrical stimulation, and that was my PhD dissertation. Oh, and it worked, by the way! [laughs]

GB: It was, yeah. It still is. In Galveston, when they prepared monkeys in Bill Willis' laboratory,[17] which is easier to keep alive under anesthesia for an extended period of time because it's a bigger animal, their experiments would last two or three days, and they'd do it in relay teams. That's how hard it can be. [laughs] But I would keep it all night long and pretty much did it by myself, but I enjoyed that.

MM: Yeah. So one of the things I've been talking about with different people is why you use certain models, and there's obviously a certain amount of increased pressure these days to use rats because people don't care much about rats, and they care more about other animals.

GB: The Armed Forces Research Institute,[18] right across the street from me. I know the guy who did it, bomb-related research, using some of those monkeys. And India heard about it and became incensed and simply cut them off. For many years. For years you couldn't get a rhesus monkey. You had to switch to a related species called a cynomolgus monkey,[19] which I think they were coming from Thailand or the Philippines, someplace in Southeast Asia. So monkeys became fantastically expensive. And even cats became fantastically expensive. By the time I gave up using cats, cats were costing about $350 apiece, for an alley cat. That's incredible. And monkeys were four or five thousand dollars. But there are other reasons.

MM: Sure. Anyway, that was sort of a side issue. So you were very interested in doing this work, and were you beginning to think about pain as a problem, or was it more the interesting nature of the nervous system?

GB: At that time my interest in pain was completely divorced from its clinical significance. It was an intellectual puzzle in sensory neurophysiology. If you're going to try to figure out how the mind and the brain work in a scientific way, you can start on the input side, sensation, you can start in the middle, cognition, you can start on the output side, motor behavior. I thought motor behavior was kind of boring and that cognition was unapproachably difficult. So, like many other people, we started on the input side. Pain was an interesting one for several reasons. It's evolutionarily primitive, which is important, and that links it tightly to emotion and motivation, which were interests of mine because I was a psychologist. That's not necessarily true for vision or audition, for example. So you've got sensory neurophysiology, a tractable problem that also gave you access to the emotional/motivational side of neural processes. And it was tough, and it was mysterious.

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