A Guide To Ethernet Switch And Phy Chips Pdf TOP
Mina Delahoussaye
Many MikroTik devices come with a built-in switch chips that usually have an option to do VLAN switching on a hardware level, this means that you can achieve wire-speed performance using VLANs if a proper configuration method is used. The configuration method changes across different models, this guide will focus on setting up a basic trunk/access port setup with a management port from the trunk port using different devices with the right configuration to achieve best performance and to fully utilize the available hardware components.
Not all devices with a switch chip are capable of VLAN switching on a hardware level, check the supported features for each switch chip, the compatibility table can be found here. If a device has VLAN table support, then it is capable of VLAN switching using the built-in switch chip. You can check the device's switch chip either in the provided link or by using /interface ethernet switch print
On QCA8337 and Atheros8327 switch chips, a default vlan-header=leave-as-is property should be used. The switch chip will determine which ports are access ports by using the default-vlan-id property. The default-vlan-id should only be used on access/hybrid ports to specify which VLAN the untagged ingress traffic is assigned to.
By default, the bridge interface is configured with protocol-mode set to rstp. For some devices, this can disable hardware offloading because specific switch chips do not support this feature. See the Bridge Hardware Offloading section with supported features.
For devices that have multiple switch chips (for example, RB2011, RB3011, RB1100), each switch chip is only able to switch VLAN traffic between ports that are on the same switch chip, VLAN filtering will not work on a hardware level between ports that are on different switch chips, this means you should not add all ports to a single bridge if you are intending to use VLAN filtering using the switch chip, VLANs between switch chips will not get filtered. You can connect a single cable between both switch chips to work around this hardware limitation, another option is to use Bridge VLAN Filtering, but it disables hardware offloading (and lowers the total throughput).
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I recommend you get any x86 with at least 2 gigabit ethernet ports and at least 2 cores preferrably 4. It makes sense to get something that has AES-NI instructions, like a Celeron 3xxx or 4xxx series, or an i3, or i5, if you can do it cheap enough. I particularly prefer Intel NICs. Most of these devices don't have built in switches they have individual NICs per port.
For example, a smart building supported by the latest Ethernet switches could trigger an alert to a conference room, indicating that the room has reached maximum occupancy. Data from Ethernet switches could be used to guide people to other workspaces in the building, so they can adhere to social distancing guidelines.
I have a very strange issue. I am able to communicate with the KSZ chip using MIIM and also over SPI, and I am able to start the ethernet link auto-negotion, even the chip MAC indicates that the Link is UP, with 100Mbit / Full Duplex. BUT! The Link Activity LED on the KSZ switch chip does not turn on and it is not able to send/receive any packages (over the LAN cable).
The heart of what makes our switch so unique is use of ACTIVE, HIGH-SPEED, LOW-JITTER DIFFERENTIAL DIGITAL ISOLATOR chips in conjunction with ULTRA-LOW JITTER DIFFERENTIAL RE-CLOCKING FLIP-FLOPS. No other Ethernet switch on the market does this. Implementing this architecture correctly is difficult and costly!
What you do see are gold plated tracks, Mundorf caps in the two linear power supplies, Nichicon caps for the switch chip and an OCXO clock right next to it. OCXO clocks are found on a lot of high end DACs because they are among the most accurate available. Also on show are isolating transformers and heavy shielding around the four ports because these ports are prone to sharing any EMI that gets into them. Apparently the sturdy ethernet sockets were selected to work with the substantial plugs found on CAT7 cables which are a lot less flimsy than the plasticky ones on most ethernet.
Firmware updates to Zigbee EmberZNet (EZSP) adapter based on EFR32, EM358x, and ETRX35x chips from Silicon Labs can be flashed over USB/UART by putting them in bootloader (BSL) mode. If your adapters has an EM358x or ETRX35x chip it will have an older/legacy Ember Bootloader (EBL) and you will need to see your adapter manual on how to put your adapter into bootloader mode, also known as boot mode or firmware recovery mode. After you have done this one of the following tools/guides can be used to flash it. If your adapter has a EFR32xG1 or EFR32MG2x chip adapters then it will have the newer Gecko Bootloader (GBL) that has the ability to enter bootloader mode automatically (also known as Auto-BSL) without need to pressing holding physical BTL/reset button or short circuit any GPIO/soldering-pads.
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