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Martez Fields
Since 1921, Hitler had led the Nazi Party, a fledgling political group that promoted German pride and anti-Semitism and was unhappy with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the peace settlement that ended World War I (1914-18) and required many concessions and reparations from Germany.
The Beer Hall Putsch had several significant consequences. First, it led to a split between Hitler and Ludendorff; the general considered Hitler a coward for sneaking away after the police had begun to fire. Second, Hitler decided that armed revolution was not the way to obtain power in Weimar Germany. After the failure of the putsch, he and the Nazi Party worked to manipulate the political system rather than plan another violent seizure of power.
In 1933, a decade after the Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler became chancellor of Germany. He went on to lead his country into World War II (1939-45) and mastermind the Holocaust, the systematic, state-sponsored murder of some 6 million European Jews, along with an estimated 4 million to 6 million non-Jews.
On November 8, 1939, Georg Elser (1903-45), a Nazi opponent, planted a bomb at the Brgerbrukeller, where Adolf Hitler was delivering a speech commemorating the Beer Hall Putsch. However, Hitler left the beer hall shortly before the bomb detonated, killing seven people and injuring dozens more.
Nash will compare the number of successful fledglings to the distance to the nearest human disturbance (roads, baseball field, etc.) from each nest box to determine any relationship between next success and human disturbance.
Project Summary: Angela Becker is assisting Dr. Schultz at a wetland in Cranberry Pond near Braddock Bay in Rochester, New York. A rare fen community has been rediscovered in the western section of the pond and is beginning to be invaded by cattail.
Becker is researching the soil substrate between the fen and cattail areas to determine if available nutrients differ in each as well as in the intermediate invaded areas. She is also surveying plant vegetation to help with future decisions on restoration in the area.
Kearney is looking to see if certain butterfly species show preference for certain nectar sources, which can then be applied and shared with management officials for future pollinator management plans.
Juvenile steelhead trout, raised in aquaria, were fed four diets (high lipid/thiamine, high lipid/no thiamine, low lipid/thiamine, and low lipid/no thiamine) over a six-week period with survival monitored daily. Fish from each aquarium were also sampled every two weeks to assess growth, lipid content, fatty acid signature, and thiamine concentration.
The preliminary results indicate that the fish fed high lipid diets had increased growth compared to the fish fed low lipid diets. In addition, the fish fed the low lipid/no thiamine diet had the highest mortality rate.
Brown used a combination of in situ water quality monitoring and comparisons to historical data on nutrient dynamics and zooplankton community structure for this lake to address this question. She found that over the summer the phosphorus concentration in Lake Lacoma was still high, even with the aerator. The aerator did however have a positive effect on increasing the zooplankton community.
Purple Martin Research Project began in 2000 with the goal to assess arrival & departure dates, reproductive success, and population trends at Warner Parks. Each year from March-August, we document Purple Martin gourd nest use at Warner Park Nature Center. In 2021, we began radio-tagging martin nestlings, a new component of our research, to better understand post-fledgling behavior.
Purple Martins are adaptable birds with strong associations with humans. Unfortunately, and typical of aerial insectivorous birds, martin populations have declined significantly. We hope that our research and public education and engagement help to inform a better understanding and compassion for these birds. It was promising to have multiple interest groups come together in Spring 2022 to find a solution to the removal of the Nashville Schermerhorn Symphony Center martin roost trees with the goal to ensure the safety and to minimize disruption of the Purple Martins. We have an opportunity with the Urban Bird Treaty Program to ensure Nashville provides habitat and reduces hazards to birds such as martins while ensuring communities and businesses can thrive. Please join us in these efforts.
Phenology: Each spring we document the first arrival of Purple Martins to Warner Parks as they return from their wintering grounds in South America, departing again in early fall for their 3000+ mile journey. This year our first observed martin at the nature center was on 21 March 2022, and the last detected by our Motus receiver stations was on 30 August 2022.
Nest Success at Warner Park Nature Center: Martins began to build their nests of grasses, weeds, sticks and mud beginning in mid-May. At the nature center, martins typically cover a completed nest with cherry leaves before eggs are laid. Nests were checked weekly to document nesting activity, number of eggs, or nestlings. At the end of the season, all nest check data were submitted to the Purple Martin Conservation Association.
This year we expanded upon 2021 when we radio-tagged 6 Purple Martin nestlings at the nature center to see if they joined the large downtown migration roost at the Nashville Symphony (they did!). This year, thanks to donations from the Symphony and the Nashville Zoo, we purchased more Cellular Tracking Technology LifeTag radio-transmitters. With a special federal permit, we radio-tagged a maximum of 3 martin nestlings from each nest when young were 20 days of age at 3 locations in Nashville: Warner Park Nature Center, Ellington Agricultural Center, and Bells Bend Outdoor Center.
Thanks to The Nature Conservancy, the Tennessee Regional Motus Collaborative, the Nashville Zoo, the University of the South, the 2 receiver stations in Warner Parks, and the University of the South, there are now 14 Motus receiver stations within Middle Tennessee including a temporary receiver station at the Bridgestone Tower in downtown Nashville. These stations significantly increase our chances of detections, improving our understanding of foraging and roost behavior, and phenology of departure times.
You may recall stories such as the one in the NY Times about the large Purple Martin night migration roost at the Schermerhorn Symphony plaza in downtown Nashville. While martins have historically roosted at various locations near the Cumberland River, the roost in Nashville during 2020 and 2021 was estimated to be the largest in the area, at 150,000 birds. By radio-tagging martin nestlings, we have learned many of these nestlings born in the surrounding area join this big migration roost.
Timing of martin roost in Nashville: Martin roosting behavior was first observed in the Nashville area on 10 June 2022 by Graham Gerdeman in Germantown and then on 13 June 2022 near the Symphony by observer Thomas Copeland. After those initial sightings, martin numbers increased each night to the hundreds and then thousands, with peak numbers (over 100,000) in mid-August. Our radio-tagged martins were last detected at the Nashville roost on 30 August 2022. Martins were observed in significantly smaller numbers as late as 24 September 2022 by Cory Holliday. One Purple Martin radio-tagged in Pennsylvania in May 2022 was detected by the Warner Park Nature Center receiver station on 11 October 2022.
Where did the martins roost in 2022? As expected with the Symphony roost trees cut down or heavily pruned, the roost was initially very disorganized. While martins did circle above the Symphony area, none landed in the nearby Symphony Place trees. Instead, the martins formed an initial roost that was located on 15 June 2022 by Denise Weyer and Kim Bailey at a small group of trees at a spur of the Cumberland River Greenway at 914 2nd Avenue. The martins used this roost area until the beginning of July when they shifted to a new roost location, perhaps because of the limited available trees at the 2nd Avenue location. By 16 July, observer Finn Goodwin-Bain noticed the martins roosting in a group of cherry trees just below the John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge at the Grayline bus stop on 1st Ave S. The martins continued to use this roost from mid-July through September.
Floridas fledgling growth management efforts are likely to be overwhelmed by the states projected population increase of more than 5.5 million in the next 25 years. Unless immediate steps are taken, population growth will further strain already overcrowded schools and highways, swallow up the states farmland and valued open space, and have a dire effect on water supplies.
Thats the conclusion of noted population policy experts Dr. Leon Bouvier and Sharon McCloe Stein, in a new Negative Population Growth (NPG) report on the likely impact of Floridas population trends.
In the report Focus on Florida: Population, Resources, and Quality of Life, Bouvier and Stein look at how Florida is bearing up under the pressure for more housing, roads, and schools. In recent years, Floridians have begun to address growth issues, but growth control efforts cannot succeed without addressing population increases. Because Florida has no plan to limit population growth, Bouvier and Stein warn, current population trends will generate even more traffic congestion and sprawl, open space will continue to vanish, and 16,000 new teachers will have to be hired every year to keep up with growing enrollments. Diminishing water quality and availability, air pollution, traffic congestion, and an overwhelmed infrastructure will cause a rapid deterioration of quality of life in Florida.
Escaping this fate, say Bouvier and Stein, depends on a unified state commitment to stop rewarding development combined with strong incentives to reduce the states future population size. They propose a variety of approaches for Florida residents to pursue at the federal, state, and local level, including: