Easy Arabic Grammar Pdf

[Eric]

Thisis primarily for me to practice my basic arabic grammar, and secondarily for anyone who wants to read through the thread and learn some basic arabic grammar themselves. Also I would like to ask those who know basic arabic grammar to help me out, i.e fix any mistakes I make - it would be much appreciated.

I will try to link it in with this thread - However I can't do that fully, because (unless I am mistaken) the only words that can be inserted into this are words which are things that you do, such as eating, moving something, running etc. I don't think words such as Baraka which means blessing would be able to be put into this

Please realise that I don't have much knowledge of Basic Arabic Grammar, and I'm not saying that to be modest - it's the truth, so don't take everything you see as being 100% correct. I would advise you to verify that it is correct before accepting it, otherwise it could lead you to learning what you think is Basic Arabic Grammar, but actually isn't.

Also, I don't know if the word 'something' would be part of the sentence or not, I put it in brackets because I assume it isn't because I didn't say what food was eaten, if I had said what food was eaten then I think the 'something' would be replaced with that food that was eaten, and the brackets would be removed i.e. the food mentioned would be part of the sentence e.g. Huwa akala Basal - He (one absent male) ate an onion

Well that was more sarf than nahw (grammar being the science of classical arabic that deals with the principles through which the 3 parts of speech are recongnised from the perspective of experiencing grammatical states or not), and 'something' would be part of the sentence, it would be the maf'ool bihi (object of the verb), and would be reflected with (tanween) fatha

It is by no means a complete book, but it is small, and provides neat tables, and is very clear for the topics it covers, the author first introduces them, with a brief discussion, then provides a table. He also discusses basic grammar in some parts of the book.

The topics that book covers are: past, present (active, passive and their negations), the emphatic, the command, the prohibition, active partciple, passive participle, noun of time and place, noun of usage, superlative noun, six types of verb form 1.

Isn't nahw more difficult than sarf? and required to be done after sarf? I was always of the impression that Sarf is Basic Arabic Grammar, and Nahw is Intermediate or Advanced Arabic Grammar, I guess I was wrong :donno:

No, they are two seperate sciences, though they do intertwine. Sarf (morphology) will basically give you the 'non dictionary' meanings from the root word (though i guess that isn't correct because with many once you know the root, underneath they will include many variations of the word).

From example: if you take these letters ضرب (hit) you can morph it into this ضربناهم which is one word, but is a sentence, and has more than one 'meaning' 'We hit them' - ضرب (hit) نا (we) هم (them). But there can also be a grammatical discussion here, as grammar deals with sentences and phrases.

basically, whenever you hear words like mawsuf - sifah, mudaf - madaf ilayh (those two are common phrase structures for example), verbal sentence (jumlah fi'liyah) nominal sentence (jumlah ismiyah) mubtada - khabr etc, it is nahw.

The difference between Sarf (morphology) and Nahw (syntax) is that the former deals with individual words (that are liable to change, meaning limited to verbs, nouns, and infinitives) whereas the latter, nahw, deals with words and their place within a sentance, also the affect one word can have on another and unlike sarf (which looks at changes within the structure of the whole word), Nahw discusses only the changes in a'rab of the last letter.

i am of the view that nahw and sarf are both very learnable and i think it is only complicated by people giving really complicated explaniations and giving these terms complicated English grammatical names that many native speakers almost NEVER use like "syntax". i learned more of these complicated English grammatical terms from Arabic classes than the years i studied English as a native speaker growing up in the United States!

A good principle that i like to keep in mind when it comes to stuff like this is that if illerate Arabs in Jahiliyyah were able to master this stuff inside and out, then there's no excuse why we can't. Really, a big issue i see is how complicated a lot of people make this stuff out to be when it shouldn't be. There is a saying:

And i'll give you an example of what i'm talking about. i will try to explain the basics of nahw by giving the basic principles of 'iraab (the changing vowles at the end of in a simple way; a way so simple that i don't think anyone before me has explained it like this and Allah(swt) knows best. And at the end of the explaniations, i'll give several examples from the Quran to make it clear insha'Allah.

For English speakers, it's kinda tricky to get used to the idea of thinking of nouns being objects of verbs, but you get used to it. i used to think to my self "i saw what? the shaykh!" to get myself used to thinking like this.

One final point before i spam you with Quran examples, remember that for the nouns that are idhafah, the mudhaf ilay always ends with kasra/tanwin al-kasra (unless it's one of the exceptions which i'll list in the next post insha'Allah). i explained this more here:

Notice that it says نصرُ الله and not نصرَ الله. If it was نصرَ الله, it would kinda mean "He brought the help of God", because adding a fatha would make it the object of جاء. (btw جاءَ has a fatha at the end because it's a verb in the past tense and they always have a fatha at the end but we'll discuss this more in the post regarding verbs insha'Allah). Rather it's نصرُ الله because it is the subject of this sentance; it is the Help of God that is coming. And same thing with al-Fath (the victory).

Finally, with plural nouns that end in ون or ين (ie: مسلمون, مسلمين), then if it fits in the third category (where it would normall take a dhamma), then you would make it end in ون and if it would normally fit in the other two categories (if it was singlular), then you make it end in ين.

So there you go, the basic, yet most common principles of 'iraab for nouns that you will see everwhere in the Quran, explained in a single post with no need for crazy long books or complicated terms that i can't even pronounce. Please let me know if there's any questions

Also, i recommend going through the Quran and contemplating over the 'iraab of the nouns in the Quran and see if you can figure out why they are the way they are. Feel free to post some here as an excersize.

So notice that even though Mua'wiya is a male name but because it ends with taa marbuta, it is one of the words that is ممنوع من الصرف so we put a fatha at the end in this case (and a dhamma if it's not affected by anything)

إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ۚ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَىٰ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا

(btw, it is expected that a person is able to read the Arabic script and especially the Quran fairly well and should at least know a little bit of vocabulary before going much into grammar. There's no point in going too much into grammar if one has trouble reading just like how there's not much point in knowing the ins and outs of a car, yet not know how to drive it)

As for all of these other Prophets/Messengers (peace be upon all of them and on our Prophet and his family), all of their names are non-Arab names so them being affected by إلى makes them get a fatha at the end

وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا رُجُومًا لِّلشَّيَاطِينِ ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابَ السَّعِيرِ

Yeah but when do you know which is the write way to write it? For someone who isn't used to English, if they hear you pronounce the word 'his' he/she may think it is spelt as 'hiz'. How would one differentiate on when you use which letter (out of those two arabic letters)?

Okay, thanks. I think I understand the difference and proununciation. But, when one learns to write Arabic, does he have to memorize in which words each respective letter is used or are there general rules to make this task easier?

The word (I think it's spelt wrong it should have a Kasra not a Fatha) has a Kasra because it is affected by the Huroof al-Jarr which in this case is () however I don't know why it doesn't have a Tanween al-Kasra. Is it because it is a noun and not a verb?

The word has a Dhamma because it is a noun which is not affected by anything however it doesn't have a Tanween al-Dhamma because it direct and not indirect (could you please show me how it is direct and not indirect I don't exactly understand what is meant by that)

The word has a Kasra because of the Huroof al-Jarr which affects it which in this case is (). I'm not quite sure why it doesn't have a Tanween al-Kasra (there isn't an () before it) could you please explain this more.

Could you please help me in the areas I was confused about (I stated where I was confused) and could you please correct me and also if there are any tips or anything if you could give me it would be much appreciated.

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