Spanish Word of the Day

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Sam Wilson

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Jun 30, 2020, 2:07:29 AM6/30/20
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LiCR Spanish Word of the Day:

el reposo - an instance of relaxing or ceasing to engage in strenuous activity
el reposo absoluto - complete rest


el reposo

MASCULINE NOUN
rest ⧫ repose (formal, literary)
estar en reposo to be resting
guardar reposo (Medicine) to rest ⧫ stay in bed

  • Después de una semana de trabajo duro, me alegro de tener finalmente reposo.
    After a week of hard work, I'm glad to finally have rest.

  • Necesitará al menos 10 días más de reposo absoluto después de remodelar su cocina.
    You will need at least 10 more days of complete rest after remodeling your kitchen.

Be aware that, as in English, sometimes what looks like a noun might be a verb.  Context matters, for example:

yo reposo -- I rest

--
Sam

Joe Harrison

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Jun 30, 2020, 10:04:30 AM6/30/20
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Hi Sam:  This Palabra del dia en español is a really important contribution, a true site enhancement.  But do you really want to put in all this effort?  If so, fantastic!  And in your reposo ejemplo, are you giving Gene a 10 day get out of jail free (or is it stay in bed free?) card for his remodelation work?????  hmmmmm.

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Gene French

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Jun 30, 2020, 10:06:48 AM6/30/20
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Yo reposo después de mi lección de vocabulario...

Sam Wilson

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Jun 30, 2020, 11:03:50 AM6/30/20
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Thanks, Joe!

I'll try to do one a day, but suggestions and contributions to this effort from others will always be appreciated!  Almost all of my Spanish knowledge came from sweet talking Ticas and other bar talk, so I don't want to claim know-it-all status about Spanish.  And with all the slang mixed in down here, I found that with about 1/3 of my Spanish conversations with my Mexican cuñada, she has no idea what I am saying.  Researching the proper use of a word and writing it up should result in a big boost in my own personal Spanish skill.

Besides, I almost shed a tear when I saw dear Gene use "resposo" this morning!  jajaja.

I know you are one of the real Spanish experts around here, so please chime in from time to time with a good one when you have the time, and of course any suggestions on improving format, etc. are most welcome!

Gene is a work fiend!  He never rests, although now I guess he does after heating up his jupa with this Spanish stuff. ;-)

Thanks,

Sam

Joe Harrison

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Jun 30, 2020, 12:42:58 PM6/30/20
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What?   Me an expert in Spanish language?  That was a joke, right Sam?  It is for sure the most inaccurate description of me I've ever seen.  So far from reality I can't help but laugh (or cry, after 10 years of trying to figure out when to use subjunctive; why agua is a feminine noun when we say el agua;  and a million other intricacies of this interesting but complicated language.  I teach English (to supplement my meager retirement funds, which I generously share (by virtue of a court order) with an ex-wife who is one of those folks riding a Trumpian golf cart in some lily white retirement village in Florida) so I claim some degree of linguistic knowledge; but Spanish befuddles me, and I'm not worth a shit in a conversation.  My oral capabilities in this culture are best exemplified in areas such as comiendo gatita.

But I do enjoy learning, and I continue to try with Spanish.  So, sure, I'll work on some contributions for this project.  Your format is exactly right as is.  No changes necessary.  ¿Q es jupa?  No le conozco.    Tico slang is very difficult to master, and I've never seen a good guide for using it.  A learned friend once told me I should learn Good Spanish, not Tico Spanish.  Yep, Gene did a good job with reposo.  Last night, my bride (out in the campo ostensibly to give the kids some variety, but probably to get away from me) sent me the message:  Q descanses.    It uses the verb descansar, which also means to rest.  This is in the subjunctive (by using a one-letter version of the word Que, which is a legitimate way to indicate a subjunctive (mood) expression, in this case:  I hope you have a good rest.

Q tengas un buen dia*       
*That opens up a whole new can of Tico worms:  we're really not allowed in Ticolandia to use the second person singular (familiar) form because that isn't "good Spanish."  So I correctly should say Que tenga ...(the formal second person and also third person singular, but my family is Nica, so we use the familiar.  Sorry to offend.  Have a good day.  Much easier in English where one size fits all.


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Sam Wilson

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Jun 30, 2020, 1:34:56 PM6/30/20
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Hi Joe,

Here ya go...   Rather than saving this for tomorrow, consider giving me one in the bank for a rainy day when I miss getting out a new word!  ;-)


la jupa - gourd
la jupa - (more informal) head or noggin

https://dle.rae.es/jupa  

jupa

FEMININE NOUN (Central America, Mexico)
1.  (= calabaza) gourd
2.  (very informal) (= cabeza) head ⧫ nut (very informal) ⧫ noggin (informal)
  • Luisón casi se rompe la jupa cuando se cayó de la bici.
    Big Luis almost broke his head when he fell off his bike.

And it goes without saying that, some folks we know might be referred to as a jupón!  ;-)

--
Sam


Joe Harrison

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Jun 30, 2020, 2:29:16 PM6/30/20
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Thanks Sam.  La jupa should be in my dicionnario (Merriam-Webster) but isn't.  I see you use RAE, which I should start doing.  We might note that RAE refers to the Royal Academy of Spanish, which is the police force of the Spanish language.  That royal body (in Madrid) makes all rules and vocabulary for the Spanish language.  If they haven't approved it, then it is not considered proper Spanish.  English has absolutely no equivalent body.  We are free to make up words as we go along; if enough peeps start using a new word, then it ends up getting into our dictionaries and folks begin to think it's an official word.  But no words are technically official, in the sense that RAE governs what is/is not officially Spanish.   

And sure, you've just opened a word bank account in my Bancolinguisticajoselito.


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Sam Wilson

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Jun 30, 2020, 3:12:55 PM6/30/20
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Joe,

> why agua is a feminine noun when we say el agua;

I have asked many a Tico this and nobody was able to give me a logical answer, so being one who really likes to understand the fundamentals so I can figure things out rather than memorize the world, I went a hunting for the real reason one day...  It turns out that the common answer I got from most Ticos was actually correct - "Because it sounds better!"  Words like "agua" and "hacha" are called special feminine nouns.  The basic rule is pretty solid:

Feminine singular nouns which begin with a stressed 'a' or 'ha' take the definite article "el", not "la" as one might expect.

It is simply a matter of sounding better and to be less confusing.  Imagine trying to say, "la agua (lagua)".  To turn the world rightside up again, and to calentar la jupa, of course the plural doesn't suffer from that problem so you must use "las" rather than "los":

el agua / las aguas
el aula / las aulas
el alma / las almas
el ave / las aves
el águila / las águilas
el hacha / las hachas

With that in mind, you sometimes would use "la" with "agua" or any of those special feminine nouns -- when you use a leading adjective in front of the noun, but you still stick with "el" when you use an adjective after the noun.  For example:

el agua fría
el aula oscura
but:
la gran águila
la afilada hacha

Note the adjectives in either case must match the gender (fria vs frio).

Of course there are exceptions!  jajaja.  But in this case I think they are (almost?) always only with names.  For names of letters, you would not use "el" but instead it would be "la a" or "la hache".  If you were to use an article before a girl's name (not proper, but it is common) you would say, "La Ana era muy guapa de niña." rather than "el Ana".  This rule goes out the window when using an article in front of a noun beginning with a stressed 'a' or 'ha' when the noun has the same form for feminine and masculine, for example:

la árabe (the Arabic woman)
el árabe (the Arabic man)

There are mostly exceptions for cities and countries, but not always for continents...

la Atlanta lluviosa (the rainy Atlanta)

What totally escapes me, and I think everyone else, is why some nouns for inanimate objects are feminine and others are masculine.  Why would a road be masculine if you call it "camino" but feminine if you call it "carretera"?  Just because of the last letter?  If so, wouldn't gender trump other things and it would be "camino" and "carretero" instead?  Some things are just opposite of what one might guess using logic, like one might expect a tie to be masculine and a dress to be feminine, but noooo.... quite the opposite:  "la corbata", and "el vestido".  Is it "el internet" or "la internet"?  Folks use both depending upon where they live.  My only trick to use for those unknown circumstances is to slightly slur/mumble my article so folks can't tell if I said "la" or "el".  It's a good skill to practice!  jajaja.

Good luck with all that!

Sam

Sam Wilson

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Jun 30, 2020, 4:16:23 PM6/30/20
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Joe,

> What totally escapes me, is why some nouns for inanimate objects are feminine and others are masculine.

If anyone has a better idea than this, please share... but the only semi set of rules regarding how to figure this that I am aware of is one based on categories...

Generally speaking, these categories of nouns are masculine:
  • nouns ending in 'o' (el camino)
  • nouns ending in 'ma' (el poema)
  • nouns referring to males (el padre)
  • nouns ending in 'r' (el motor)
  • nouns ending in 'aje' (el garaje)
  • days of the week (el viernes)
  • months of the year (el abril)
  • compass directions (el norte)
  • a group of mixed genders (los estudiantes)

And generally speaking, these categories of nouns are feminine:
  • nouns ending in 'a' (la brasa)
  • nouns ending in 'cion' or 'sion' (la politización)
  • nouns ending in 'dad' or 'tad' (la libertad)
  • nouns ending in 'umbre' (la costumbre)
  • nouns ending in 'z' (la paz)
  • letters of the alphabet (la be)
  • nouns which refer to females (la niña)

Maybe you could take one category to heart every month and practice, practice, practice and then after a year or so you'll have it down pat?  Maybe?!

Of course there are still the exceptions to memorize:

el día
el mapa
el sofá
la mano
la radio
[ ... ]

Whew!

Sam

Gene French

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Jun 30, 2020, 4:44:07 PM6/30/20
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Ahhh.

Tengo dolor de la jupa???

I have a headache???

Sam Wilson

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Jun 30, 2020, 5:16:12 PM6/30/20
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Gene,

¡Ese es un chico con ganas de aprender!  ¡¡¡Bravo!!!

I think it would probably be:

Tengo dolor en la jupa.
or
Tengo dolor en la cabeza.

Either should do to say you've got a headache...  ;-)

Saying "de la" would mean "pain of the head" versus "en la" meaning "pain in the head".

--
Sam

Joe Harrison

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Jun 30, 2020, 7:31:26 PM6/30/20
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And in la última linea you said it all:  slur/mumble your way through those areas that are complicada (I used "a" instead of "o" there since "area" in Spanish is a feminine noun.  But was I supposed to add "s" to make it plural?  Not sure.   Another complication not found in English.  But, all in all, I think your explicación is most reasonable, even if it doesn't make a lick of sense!!!! jejeje

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Joe Harrison

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Jun 30, 2020, 7:49:07 PM6/30/20
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I learned a lot today from Sam's Spanish School (SSS).  Hopefully, this contribution to our collective education will become the hallmark of this august organization, it seems to me a praiseworthy objective.  But I think it will succeed only if those on this board respond in a positive way.  If we absorb this information in silence, I imagine Sam will quickly tire of contributing his time and energy to the Word of the Day project.  Kudos to Gene for picking up on some of the ideas and making the first effort to be the star student in SSS.  Buen hecho, Gene.  

Now, can we hear from some others?  Did you read the posts on Spanish?  Did you learn anything?  Interested in more?  For me, the answer is Claro que sí for all of these questions.  How about it guys?  Chime in here.   joe

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Gene French

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Jun 30, 2020, 8:56:24 PM6/30/20
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👍

Sam Wilson

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Jun 30, 2020, 11:08:00 PM6/30/20
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Thanks for the kind words, Joe!

I can spice it up a little if folks want.  I resisted the urge to offer the local definition of a shimi's fun (la misa negra,) cause that started getting ugly, but there are wonderful study passages to be found in Spanish erotic literature.  This poem by José Juan Tablada of Mexico is kind of tame by modern standards, but in 1893 it was downright scandalous and the wife of the then Mexican dictator/president demanded that it be withdrawn from all publications.  Later José Juan was recognized as among the originators of modern Mexican poetry and he wrote the 1st book of original haiku written by a poet outside of Japan.  His tomb in Mexico City has a top cover resembling a giant book.

MISA NEGRA
José Juan Tablada

¡Noche de sábado! Callada
está la tierra y negro el cielo,
palpita en mi alma una balada
de doloroso ritornelo.

El corazón desangra herido
por el cilicio de las penas
y corre el plomo derretido
de la neurosis en mis venas.

¡Amada, ven! Dale a mi frente
el edredón de tu regazo,
y a mi locura, dulcemente,
lleva a la cárcel de tu abrazo.

¡Noche de sábado! En tu alcoba
flota un perfume de incensario,
el oro brilla y la caoba
tiene penumbras de santuario.

Y allá en el lecho do reposa
tu cuerpo blanco, reverbera
como custodia esplendorosa
tu desatada cabellera.

Toma el aspecto triste y frío
de la enlutada religiosa
y con el traje más sombrío
viste tu carne voluptuosa.

Con el murmullo de los rezos
quiero la voz de tu ternura,
y con el óleo de mis besos
ungir de Diosa tu hermosura.

Quiero cambiar el beso ardiente
de mis estrofas de otros días
por el incienso reverente
de las sonoras letanías.

Quiero en las gradas de tu lecho
doblar temblando la rodilla…
Y hacer el ara de tu pecho
y de tu alcoba la capilla.

Y celebrar ferviente y mudo,
sobre tu cuerpo seductor
¡lleno de esencias y desnudo,
la Misa Negra de mi amor!


There's a lot to work with there, Gene!  You get this one down and you're bound to get lucky with the little lady!  You've already got a head start with "reposa". jajaja.  At the very least you could surprise her one romantic night with:

  • Y allá en el lecho do reposa tu cuerpo blanco, reverbera
    como custodia esplendorosa tu desatada cabellera.

    And there in the bed, where your white body rests,
    your loose hair reverberates as splendid custody.

Man, even if you're not even close with that one, you know you're still gonna get some!  Even if you print it out and read from the script, a AAA+ for effort will be your reward. ;-)

If you're more into modern song, here's a nice one that is chock full of double entendres, enough to get it banned in the Domincan Republic for its sexual undertones, including, I would argue, its title:

Juanes - La Camisa Negra

It seems no coincidence to me that the video opens with 2 girls and a guy...

Hoo-boy!  I could go on all night, but Joe's got me on the clock to find another word for tomorrow.  jajaja.

Seriously, folks... there are a lot of you out there much more a Spanish expert than I will likely ever be.

--
Sam

Don Hickman

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Jul 1, 2020, 12:25:57 AM7/1/20
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Been driving almost all day so I'm just now catching up on emails at our hotel room.  Great explanation Sam!  My wife, who was a high school Spanish teacher back in the day, has tried and tried to get me to understand the rules.  She knows them forward and backward.  I just talk.  Rules, schmools.

Don

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Don Hickman

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Jul 1, 2020, 1:15:38 AM7/1/20
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Sam,

Many words in Spanish come from Greek and most are masculine even though they end in a.  Actually ma.  So poema, problema, tema, teorema, trauma, planeta (oops), aroma, clima, coma, cometa (otra oops), and on and on.  These all come from Greek and are masculine.  So if you know your Greek (and who doesn't), no problema.  😁

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Sam Wilson

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Jul 1, 2020, 2:36:38 AM7/1/20
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Hi Don,

Yeah, I had heard that rule about the Greek words being masculine, but where I've had a problem with that idea is double-thinking too much or not fast enough to be able to normally converse:  Problema is that from Greek?  Yeah, maybe because of geometry "problems".  La "cinema" or el cine?  Who knows?  Maybe/probably from Greek... but what about the Lumière brothers?  They were French!  Argh...  Broma?  From bromine?  Maybe Greek so el broma, but what's wrong with la broma?  And all that time I wasted spinning through guesses, I could have slipped in a slur/mumble thing and maybe nobody would notice?  jajaja.

My goto on those sorts of words now is just that if it is a "-ma" noun, it gets an "el".  I figure the odds have to be way on my side doing that way.  ;-)

Did I hear you say your wife was a Spanish teacher!  Yippee... get her to sign up and we'll be nice!  Or at least ask her to toss us a few bones via your keyboard.  Pretty please with tapa de dulce?  ¿Bastante por favor?  ;-)  Heck, even if she could keep us on the straight and narrow.  For example, in this next Word of the Day I'm about to toss out there, I got too fancy and tried to do nouns and verbs, explaining both, and really I never came up with a good example of using "atardecer" as a verb.  I think in real life it is rarely used that way with better alternatives being less awkward.

--
Sam

Sam Wilson

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Jul 1, 2020, 2:37:32 AM7/1/20
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LiCR,

el amanecer (n) - daybreak
a amanecer (v) - to wake up
el atardecer (n) - dusk or late afternoon (alternative is crepúsculo)
a atardecer (v) - to get dark (uncommon, alternative is oscurecer)


These are both nouns and verbs (daybreak and to wake up, dusk and to get dark.)

amanecer

INTRANSITIVE VERB
1.  [día] to dawn
el día amaneció lloviendo at daybreak it was raining
amanece a las siete it gets light at seven
2.  [persona, ciudad] to wake up (in the morning)
amaneció borracho he woke up drunk
amanecieron bailando (Latin America) they danced all night
MASCULINE NOUN
dawn ⧫ daybreak
al amanecer at dawn ⧫ at daybreak
  • Nos encontramos en la playa al amanecer.
    We met on the beach at dawn.

atardecer

INTRANSITIVE VERB
to get dark
atardecía night was falling

MASCULINE NOUN
dusk ⧫ evening
al atardecer at dusk
  • En la claridad violeta del atardecer, el parque dormía callado y misterioso.
    In the violet clarity of sunset, the park slept quiet and mysterious.

A very common morning greeting in Costa Rica is:  ¿Cómo amaneció? / How are you this morning?

--
Sam

Sam Wilson

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Jul 1, 2020, 1:06:07 PM7/1/20
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LiCR,

Listening to Juanes and his La Camisa Negra song, got me thinking more about Spanish sayings (dichos) with double-meanings (doble sentidos.)  Of course Ticos love this sort of thing as they love splashing about in the language.  Here are a few that will get some chuckles in your conversations:

  • Estoy ocupado peinando a mi tortuga.  - Literally, "I'm busy combing my turtle's hair."  An interesting way of saying, "No, I don't want to do that."

  •  Dios, dame paciencia. Si me das fuerza... lo mato. -  God give me patience. If you give me strength, I'll kill him...

  • Parece que soy Google, solo me buscas cuando quieres algo. - It seems that I am Google, you only look for me when you want something.

  • Me llaman vago, pero estoy en modo de ahorro energético. - They call me lazy, but I'm in energy saving mode.

  • A mi no me gusta ganar, me gusta que el otro pierda. - I do not like to win, I like the other to lose.

  • En relaciones perfectas nadie lleva los pantalones... - In perfect relationships no one wears pants

  • Las malas lenguas hablan, las buenas dejan las piernas temblando. - Bad tongues talk, good tongues leave the legs shaking.

  • Donde reina hormona, no manda neurona. - Where hormones reign, don't send neurons.

Sometimes Ticos can have an entire conversation with nothing but doble sentidos.  ;-)

--
Sam

Gene French

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Jul 1, 2020, 7:40:25 PM7/1/20
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Finally...some USEFUL spanish...🤣🤣🤣
Thanks sam...
I do enjoy

I learned a lot today from Sam's Spanish School (SSS).  Hopefully, this contribution to our collective education will become the hallmark of this august organization, it seems to me a praiseworthy objective.  But I think it will succee d only if those on this board respond in a positive way.  If we absorb this information in silence, I imagine Sam will quickly tire of contributing his time and energy to the Word of the Day project.  Kudos to Gene for picking up on some of the ideas and making the first effort to be the star student in SSS.  Buen hecho, Gene.  

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Sam Wilson

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Jul 1, 2020, 9:06:24 PM7/1/20
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Hi Gene,

I thought you would like some of those.  I already knew which dicho would be your favorite...  jajaja.  Practice those enough and soon they'll say you are more Tico than Gallo Pinto.  I'm gonna start using that "I'm combing my turtle" one on a regular basis.  The kids will absolutely love it!  ;-)

--
Sam

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Gene French

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Jul 1, 2020, 11:03:26 PM7/1/20
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You were right..i am still laughing...

On Jul 1, 2020, at 7:06 PM, Sam Wilson <sliw...@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi Gene,

I thought you would like some of those.  I already knew which dicho would be your favorite...  jajaja.  Practice those enough and soon they'll say you are more Tico than Gallo Pinto.  I'm gonna start using that "I'm coming my turtle" one on a regular basis.  The kids will absolutely love it!  ;-)

--
Sam

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don Jhon

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Jul 2, 2020, 10:57:55 AM7/2/20
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Or "Me duele la jupa"  (my head hurts me) which I think is more common use than "tengo dolor".  Pero no le hace.
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Sam Wilson

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Jul 2, 2020, 11:43:28 AM7/2/20
to Living in Costa Rica
Gene,

Yeah, sorry!  My suggestion was even worse than what you originally had.  :-(  I definitely hear more Ticos using the phrase don Jhon mentioned: "Me duele la jupa".  Another one which I don't hear in common usage, but which could definitely add to your pain: "tengo jaqueca".  That would be more for a severe headache like a migraine or bad hangover.  "Migrañas" would be an easier word for migraines...

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Sam

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