Scratch 3
Fanny Lococo
Watching a young child, toddler or baby with eczema, psoriasis or any itchy skin rash is heart-breaking. Suffering a sleepless night thanks to baby eczema and then finding abandoned scratch mitts where your little one wriggled out of them frustrates even the most experienced parents. There is a solution!
The Scratch method is often used to set scratch pad values within a shortcode, a partial template called by a shortcode, or by a Markdown render hook. In all three cases, the scratch pad values are not determinate until Hugo renders the page content.
If you need to access a scratch pad value from a parent template, and the parent template has not yet rendered the page content, you can trigger content rendering by assigning the returned value to a noop variable:
For most cases, you don't need to create your own base image. Docker Hubcontains a vast library of Docker images that are suitable for use as a baseimage in your build.Docker Official Imagesare specifically designed as a set of hardened, battle-tested images thatsupports a wide variety of platforms, languages, and frameworks. There are alsoDocker Verified Publisherimages, created by trusted publishing partners, verified by Docker.
To create a distribution base image, you can use a root filesystem, packaged asa tar file, and import it to Docker with docker import. The process forcreating your own base image depends on the Linux distribution you want topackage. SeeCreate a full image using tar.
The reserved, minimal scratch image serves as a starting point forbuilding containers. Using the scratch image signals to the build processthat you want the next command in the Dockerfile to be the first filesystemlayer in your image.
While scratch appears in Docker'srepository on Docker Hub,you can't pull it, run it, or tag any image with the name scratch.Instead, you can refer to it in your Dockerfile.For example, to create a minimal container using scratch:
This example image can only successfully execute as long as the hello binarydoesn't have any runtime dependencies. Computer programs tend to depend oncertain other programs or resources to exist in the runtime environment. Forexample:
When building a base image, or any image, this is an important aspect toconsider. And this is why creating a base image using FROM scratch can bedifficult, for anything other than small, simple programs. On the other hand,it's also important to include only the things you need in your image, toreduce the image size and attack surface.
In general, start with a working machine that is runningthe distribution you'd like to package as a base image, though that isnot required for some tools like Debian'sDebootstrap,which you can also use to build Ubuntu images.
Scratch is a high-level, block-based visual programming language and website aimed primarily at children as an educational tool, with a target audience of ages 8 to 16.[8] Users on the site can create projects on the website using a block-like interface. Scratch was conceived and designed through collaborative National Science Foundation grants awarded to Mitchel Resnick and Yasmin Kafai.[9] Scratch is developed by the MIT Media Lab and has been translated into 70+ languages, being used in most parts of the world.[10] Scratch is taught and used in after-school centers, schools, and colleges, as well as other public knowledge institutions. As of 15 February 2023, community statistics on the language's official website show more than 123 million projects shared by over 103 million users, over 804 million total projects ever created (including unshared projects), and more than 95 million monthly website visits.[10]
Scratch takes its name from a technique used by disk jockeys called "scratching", where vinyl records are clipped together and manipulated on a turntable to produce different sound effects and music. Like scratching, the website lets users mix together different media (including graphics, sound, and other programs) in creative ways by creating and "remixing" projects, like video games, animations, music, and simulations.[11][12]
The Scratch interface is divided into three main sections: a stage area, block palette, and a coding area to place and arrange the blocks into scripts that can be run by pressing the green flag or clicking on the code itself. Users may also create their own code blocks and they will appear in "My Blocks".
The stage area features the results (e.g., animations, turtle graphics, either in a small or normal size, with a full-screen option also available) and all sprites' thumbnails being listed in the bottom area. The stage uses x and y coordinates, with 0,0 being the stage center.[13]
With a sprite selected at the bottom of the staging area, blocks of commands can be applied to it by dragging them from the block palette into the coding area. The Costumes tab allows users to change the look of the sprite with a vector and bitmap editor in order to create various effects, including animation.[13] The Sounds tab allows attaching sounds and music to a sprite.[14]
An offline "Desktop Editor" for Scratch 3.0 is available for Microsoft Windows 10 and above in the Microsoft Store, Apple's macOS, ChromeOS, and Android;[15] this allows the creation and playing of Scratch programs offline. The offline editor can also be downloaded in previous versions, such as Scratch 2.0 and Scratch 1.4 (an archive of older versions is found here).
In Scratch, extensions add extra blocks and features that can be used in projects. In Scratch 2.0, the extensions were all hardware-based. Software-based extensions were added in Scratch 3.0, such as text-to-speech voices, along with some new hardware-based extensions like the micro:bit. The extensions are listed below.
A paper published in 2019 by NYU argues and illustrates, for coding music with Scratch, "that the music and sound blocks as currently implemented in Scratch may limit and frustrate meaningful music-making for children, the core user base for Scratch."[16]
The Scratch Lab[17] displays experiments from the Scratch Team, intended to explore whether new features may be added to the full website in the future. Experimental features currently under development include:
Scratch is not exclusively for creating games. With the provided visuals, programmers can create animations, text, stories, music, and more. There are already many programs that students can use to learn topics in math, history, and even photography. Scratch allows teachers to create conceptual and visual lessons and science lab assignments with animations that help visualize difficult concepts. Within the social sciences, instructors can create quizzes, games, and tutorials with interactive elements. Using Scratch allows young people to understand the logic of programming and how to creatively build and collaborate.[22]
Users of Scratch are called "Scratchers". Scratchers have the capability to share their projects and receive feedback. Projects can be uploaded directly from the development environment to the Scratch website and any member of the community can view and download the full source code to study or to remix into new projects.[27][28] Scratchers can also create project studios, comment, favorite, and "love" others' projects, follow other members to see their projects and activity, and share ideas. Projects range from games and animations to practical tools. Additionally, to encourage the creation and sharing amongst users, the website frequently establishes "Scratch Design Studio" challenges.[29]
Educators have their own online community called ScratchEd, developed and supported by the Harvard Graduate School of Education. In this community, Scratch educators share stories, exchange resources, and ask questions.[32]
The Scratch Wiki is a support resource for Scratch and information about its website, history, and phenomena surrounding it. Although supported by the Scratch Team (the developers of Scratch), it is primarily written by Scratch users (Scratchers) and is hosted independently of the main Scratch website.[33] There are other wikis in languages besides English available on the Scratch Wiki base domain.
Roles are displayed as a label under a user's username on profile pages and on forum posts. To prevent vandalism, new accounts have the "New Scratcher" role, as opposed by the usual "Scratcher" role. Some restrictions are imposed onto New Scratcher accounts, including the inability to use cloud data and a minimum 30 second cooldown period between posting comments.[34] After a period of time of interacting and creating projects, an account will be eligible to gain the Scratcher role.[35]
Official moderators and developers of Scratch are labeled as part of the "Scratch Team" and usually have an asterisk at the end of their username.[36] The site also has special types of accounts for Students and Educators to use Scratch in the classroom.[37]
In August 2020, GreatFire announced that the Chinese government had blocked access to the Scratch website. At the time, it was estimated that more than three million people in China were using it.[38][citation needed] The outlet cited the fact that Macau, Hong Kong and Taiwan were listed as countries on the website.[38][39]
The source code for the project editor in all three major versions, as well as a majority of the current website, is hosted publicly on GitHub across various repositores.[40] Scratch 3.0 is JavaScript-based, 2.0 is programmed in ActionScript,[4] and the 1.x versions were based on Squeak, which itself is based on Smalltalk-80.[41]
Scratch Educators can gather in person at Scratch Educator Meetups. At these gatherings, Scratch Educators learn from each other and share ideas and strategies that support computational creativity.[46]
An annual "Scratch Week", formerly known as "Scratch Day", is declared in May each year. Community members are encouraged to host an event on or around this day, large or small, that celebrates Scratch. These events are held worldwide, and a listing can be found on the Scratch Day website. Scratch Week is a series focusing on Scratch activities on the Scratch website.[47]
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