Hi,
The short answer is no, but it depends on what you intend to do.
The first step in using cornerstone is (enabling an element) involves making a new canvas inside a div. All the drawing functions are done on this canvas (e.g. with putImageData), so you won't be able use cornerstone with an img element. If you want to use cornerstoneTools, then the answer is definitely not (without hacking together some single canvas that is operated on by both Konva and Cornerstone).
One caveat is that I don't know if this procedure will be very quick. I have no idea how much overhead there is in these lines:
// Draw the pixels to the canvas
context.putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
// Serialize canvas to base64 and then put into the image element
img.src = canvas.toDataURL();
You might be better off parsing the DICOM images on the server.
Hope that helps,
Erik