Electromagnetic Field Books
Midas Souza
Maxwell published this, his first classic paper on the elctromagnetic field in 1865. He developed the concept of electromagnetic radiation and demonstrated the phenomena of such radiation in a detailed mathematical form. Extracted from: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol.155.
This one-hundred-and-second volume of the IARC Monographs contains evaluations of the carcinogenic hazard to humans of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. This is the second volume on non-ionizing radiation, after Volume 80 (Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields; IARC, 2002), and the fourth and last in a series on physical agents, after Volume 75 (Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: X- and Gamma-radiation, and Neutrons; IARC, 2000) and Volume 78 (Ionizing Radiation, Part 2: Some Internally Deposited Radionuclides; IARC, 2001). Solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation were evaluated in Volume 55 (IARC, 1992). The types of radiation evaluated as human carcinogens (Group 1) were revisited in Volume 100D (IARC, 2012). The topic of this Monograph is the evaluation of the carcinogenicity of radiation in the radiofrequency (RF) range (30 kHz to 300 GHz) of the electromagnetic spectrum. This type of radiation is emitted by devices used in wireless telecommunication, including mobile phones, and by many other sources in occupational and general environmental settings. Exposures are ubiquitous in more developed countries and rapidly increasing in the developing world, in particular with respect to the use of mobile phones. There is rising concern as to whether exposure to RF radiation emitted by a mobile phone affects human health and, specifically, whether mobile-phone use increases the risk of cancer of the brain. The general public, manufacturers, regulatory authorities and public health agencies are seeking evidence on the safety of mobile-phone use. Consequently, there has been intense interest in the development and outcome of this IARC Monograph. This interest reflects the high prevalence of exposure (which increasingly extends to children), the vast scope of the telecommunications industry, the findings of some epidemiological studies that suggest an increased risk of cancer, and a high level of media coverage of the topic of mobile phones and cancer. Although the preparation of this Monograph had been scheduled so as to include the results of the large international case-control study INTERPHONE on mobile-phone use (conducted in 2000-2004; published in 2010), it should be emphasized that the evaluations in this volume address the general question of whether RF radiation causes cancer in humans or in experimental animals: it does not specifically or exclusively consider mobile phones, but rather the type of radiation emitted by mobile phones and various other sources. Furthermore, this Monograph is focused on the potential for an increased risk of cancer among those exposed to RF radiation, but does not provide a quantitative assessment of any cancer risk, nor does it discuss or evaluate any other potential health effects of RF radiation.
The study of electromagnetism in higher education, as a fundamental part of both physics and electrical engineering,[1][2] is typically accompanied by textbooks devoted to the subject. The American Physical Society and the American Association of Physics Teachers recommend a full year of graduate study in electromagnetism for all physics graduate students.[3] A joint task force by those organizations in 2006 found that in 76 of the 80 US physics departments surveyed, a course using John Jackson's Classical Electrodynamics was required for all first year graduate students.[3] For undergraduates, there are several widely used textbooks, including David Griffiths' Introduction to Electrodynamics and Electricity and Magnetism by Edward Purcell and David Morin.[4] Also at an undergraduate level, Richard Feynman's classic Lectures on Physics is available online to read for free.[5]
There are several widely used undergraduate textbooks in electromagnetism, including David Griffiths' Introduction to Electrodynamics as well as Electricity and Magnetism by Edward Purcell and David Morin.[4] Richard Feynman's Lectures on Physics also include a volume on electromagnetism that is available to read online for free, through the California Institute of Technology. In addition, there are popular physics textbooks that include electricity and magnetism among the material they cover, such as David Halliday and Robert Resnick's Fundamentals of Physics.
A 2006 report by a joint taskforce between the American Physical Society and the American Association of Physics Teachers found that 76 of the 80 physics departments surveyed require a first-year graduate course in John Jackson's Classical Electrodynamics.[3] This made Jackson's book the most popular textbook in any field of graduate-level physics, with Herbert Goldstein's Classical Mechanics as the second most popular with adoption at 48 universities.[3] James Russ professor of physics at Carnegie Mellon University claims Jackson's textbook has been "[t]he classic electrodynamics text for the past four decades" and that it is "the book from which most current-generation physicists took their first course."[40] Except Jackson's textbook there are other classic textbooks like Classical Electricity and Magnetism by Pief Panofsky and Melba Phillips, and Electrodynamics of Continuous Media by Lev Landau, Evgeny Lifshitz, and Lev Pitaevskii that both of these books originally published before Jackson's book. Among the textbooks that published after Jackson's book, Julian Schwinger's 1970s lecture notes is a mentionable book that first published in 1998 after Schwinger's death. Due to the domination of Jackson's textbook in graduate physics education, even physicist like Schwinger became frustrated competing with Jackson and because of this, the publication of Schwinger's book was postponed until after his death so that it was finally completed and published by his colleagues.[41]
In addition to the mentioned classic books, in recent years there have been a few well-received electromagnetic textbooks published for graduate studies in physics, with one of the most notable being Modern Electrodynamics by Andrew Zangwill published in 2013 which have been praised by many physicists like John Joannopoulos, Michael Berry, Rob Phillips, Alain Aspect, Roberto Merlin, Shirley Chiang, Roy Schwitters[42] but also well-received in electrical engineering community too.[43] Another notable textbook is Classical Electromagnetism in a Nutshell by Anupam Garg published in 2012 which have been also praised by physicists like Anthony Zee, Ramamurti Shankar, Jainendra Jain, John Belcher.[44]
According to a 2011 review of analytical and computational textbooks in electromagnetism by David Davidson, Julius Stratton's Electromagnetic Theory remains the classic text in electromagnetism and is still regularly cited.[Note 18] Davidson goes on to point out that Constantine Balanis' Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics and Roger Harrington's Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields are standard references at the post-graduate level.[152] Also for advanced undergraduate level, the textbook Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics by Simon Ramo, John Whinnery, and Theodore Van Duzer is considered as standard reference.[153][154]
Traditional differences between a physicist's point of view and an electrical engineer's point of view in studying electromagnetism have been noted. According to a 2023 lecture titled What Physicists Don't Know About Electromagnetism given by the theoretical physicist Hans Schantz[155] and based on the comparison of textbooks Electromagnetic Theory by Julius Stratton and Classical Electrodynamics by John Jackson, Schantz argues "today's physicists who are educated using curriculum out of Jackson are less informed about practical electromagnetics than their counterparts of 80 years ago," and says it's because physicists are now shifted from classical electrodynamics to quantum electrodynamics. Schantz also continues that concepts like impedance, Smith chart, antenna, and electromagnetic energy flow, are not appreciated by physicists.[156] Mathematician Sergei Schelkunoff who made many contributions to engineering electromagnetism also noted differences between physicist's and electrical engineer's view in electromagnetism. According to Schelkunoff:
The classical physicist, being concerned largely with isolated transmission systems, has emphasized only one wave concept, that of the velocity of propagation or more generally of the propagation constant. But the communication engineer who is interested in "chains" of such systems from the very start is forced to adopt a more general attitude and introduce the second important wave concept, that of the impedance. The physicist concentrates his attention on one particular wave: a wave of force, or a wave of velocity or a wave of displacement. His original differential equations may be of the first order and may involve both force and velocity; but by tradition he eliminates one of these variables, obtains a second order differential equation in the other and calls it the "wave equation." Thus he loses sight of the interdependence of force and velocity waves and he does not stress the difference which may exist between waves in different media even though the velocity of wave propagation is the same. The engineer, on the other hand, thinks in terms of the original "pair of wave equations" and keeps constantly in mind this interdependence between force and velocity waves.[157]
The usefulness of electrical engineering's approach to electromagnetic problems also noted by other physicists like Robert Dicke[158] and more specially Julian Schwinger.[159][160] Schwinger's emphasis on using electrical engineering's point of view was even more general than just in electromagnetic phenomena so that he argued for the use of engineering worldview even in pure branches of physics like high-energy physics.[160] Schwinger also said about his transformation from a person who saw electrical engineering problems as a pure physicist to a person who saw pure physical problems as an electrical engineer: "I first approached radar problems as a nuclear physicist; soon I began to think of nuclear physics in the language of electrical engineering."[161]
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