You could make checks return metrics in their standard output à la Nagios (see
http://nagios.sourceforge.net/docs/3_0/perfdata.html), which Consul would expose in the service status. At that point you could read the health API to collect the output, and process as you please.
Alternatively, if Consul is configured to run health checks at an interval, you could make the service check scripts gather metrics and write them into the node's statsd instance as a side effect. This would be a simpler, more elegant approach IMO.
Best regards,
--Michael