PTB is among the top names in metrology worldwide. As the National Metrology Institute of Germany, PTB is Germany's highest authority when it comes to correct and reliable measurements. Research and development work amounts to about two thirds of all of PTB's activities.
In the solar module research group founded in 2018, calibration methods for the primary and secondary calibration of solar modules are currently being developed. Electrical properties such as the current-voltage characteristic, open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc) and maximum power point (Pmpp) of solar modules can be measured at standard test conditions (STC) on an LED-based steady-state solar simulator. The LED solar simulator can also be used in combination with a temperature test chamber to perform irradiance and temperature-dependent measurements in order to determine the power matrix of a PV module according to IEC 61853-1. By individual variation of the LED light, the spectral sensitivity at 18 different wavelengths between 370 nm and 1050 nm can be determined. The laboratory measurement is a secondary measurement, which is traced back to reference solar cells of the working group 4.52 solar cells.
In addition to the laboratory measuring facility, several supplementary outdoor measuring facilities are currently being set up as part of research projects. These facilities will enable the measurement of wind dependence and angular dependence of PV modules in addition to the electrical parameters derived by the laboratory measuring facility. This soon offers our customers the possibility to have a complete PV module calibration according to the Energy Rating standard series IEC 61853. Furthermore, we are engaged in pre-normative research, e.g. on the shading of solar modules, we investigate the possibilities of utilizing laser light for a better characterization of our devices under test and we develop measurement methods for the precise characterization of solar simulators in order to realize the smallest measurement uncertainties possible. A large ongoing BMWi project includes the conversion of the existing solar simulator facility to a bifacial measurement operation with light sources on both sides and the setup of a measuring facility for the primary traceability of solar modules by outdoor measurements in sunlight.
The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, the National Metrology Institute of Germany, is a scientific and technical higher federal authority falling within the competence of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action.
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Complex temporal bone anatomy complicates operations; thus, surgeons must engage in practice to mitigate risks, improving patient safety and outcomes. However, existing training methods often involve prohibitive costs and ethical problems. Therefore, we developed an educational mastoidectomy simulator, considering mechanical properties using 3D printing. The mastoidectomy simulator was modeled on computed tomography images of a patient undergoing a mastoidectomy. Infill was modeled for each anatomical part to provide a realistic drilling sensation. Bone and other anatomies appear in assorted colors to enhance the simulator's educational utility. The mechanical properties of the simulator were evaluated by measuring the screw insertion torque for infill specimens and cadaveric temporal bones and investigating its usability with a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire completed by five otolaryngologists. The maximum insertion torque values of the sigmoid sinus, tegmen, and semicircular canal were 1.08 0.62, 0.44 0.42, and 1.54 0.43 N mm, displaying similar-strength infill specimens of 40%, 30%, and 50%. Otolaryngologists evaluated the quality and usability at 4.25 0.81 and 4.53 0.62. The mastoidectomy simulator could provide realistic bone drilling feedback for educational mastoidectomy training while reinforcing skills and comprehension of anatomical structures.
Objectives: To ascertain the level of acceptance of a human patient simulator as a training tool among a diverse group of health care providers. Secondary objectives were to elucidate its most useful aspects for training and find ways to improve upon the simulation experience.
Methods: A satisfaction survey was conducted regarding the use of a human patient simulator from July 1999 to February 2000. The survey consisted of five questions with a five-point Likert scale (5 being the most favorable score) and three questions that asked for qualitative written feedback on the simulator experience. The survey was handed to 78 consecutive participants immediately after their experiences and collected immediately after it was filled out to ensure a 100% response rate to the overall survey. Qualitative responses were placed into categories by theme, and a sum was calculated for each category.
The idea of the new CncSimulator is to provide the machining industry with a contemporary competent Fanuc-like CNC ISO simulator. It will simulate in full 3D with visible cutting tools for operations like drilling, slot milling and more. CNC Machine profiles will allow users to define machine data for their own systems for a realistic simulation. Sounds interesting? Stay tuned for news and updates.
The first fuel cycle of the BEAVRS PWR benchmark was simulated and analyzed. Models were prepared using the SCALE package, TRITON depletion sequence and NEWT as a lattice physics solver. A set of branch and burnup calculations were prepared, and group constants in the form of PMAXS libraries were generated using GenPMAXS for PARCS nodal diffusion core simulator. The hot zero power reactor physics measurement data and hot full power data were used to perform model validation simulations for the 1st fuel cycle. The core inventories for the BOC and EOC were calculated on the basis of PARCS and TRITON results with a dedicated computer code and compared with ORIGEN-ARP point burnup calculations.
CNC simulator program seemed very interesting to me dealing with someone who knows the business can resolve an application to the measurements given guess XY, YZ, XZ, according to the information of the 3D simulations show that the CNC applications
Welcome to the CncSimulator help system. Here you will find explanations of the functions, menus and dialogs of the program. The CncSimulator is used to simulate CNC code for mills and lathes. Thanks to its flexible open architecture it is possible to customise the behavior of the simulation to suit a wide variety of CNC machines. This help file will concentrate on describing the CncSimulator with its default settings. On startup you will se the program window divided in several panes. These are:
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Percutaneous renal access (PCA) is a critical step in needle-based renal procedures. Traditional PCA training relies on apprenticeship, which raises concerns about patient safety and limits training opportunities. In this thesis, we reviewed simulation-based training for PCA, described the development of a novel augmented reality (AR) simulator for ultrasound (US)-guided PCA, and evaluated its validity and efficacy as a teaching tool.
Our AR simulator allows the user to practice PCA on a silicone phantom using a tracked needle and US probe emulator under the guidance of simulated US on a tablet screen. 6 Expert and 24 novice participants were recruited to evaluate the efficacy of our simulator.
Experts highly rated the realism and usefulness of our simulator, reflected by the average face validity score of 4.39 and content validity score of 4.53 on a 5-point Likert scale. Comparisons with a Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant differences (p
Our cost-effective, flexible, and easily customizable AR training simulator can provide opportunities for trainees to acquire basic skills of US-guided PCA in a safe and stress-free environment. The effectiveness of our simulator is demonstrated through strong face, content, and construct validity, indicating its value as a novel training tool.
Percutaneous renal access (PCA) is the initial step to gain access to the kidney for treating common kidney diseases such as kidney stones. At present, mastering of this technique relies on extensive clinical training. However, it is very challenging to keep up with the increasing training demand for many training centres. To lessen the burden of the clinical education and deliver safer patient care, training simulators were employed to provide supplementary training opportunities. This thesis reviewed the existing training simulators for PCA and found no AR/VR simulator available for ultrasound (US)-guided PCA, which is a safer alternative to fluoroscopy (FL)-guided PCA. Therefore, the goal of this work was to develop and validate a training simulator for US-guided PCA.
Following a minimalism design approach, we integrated 3D printed hardware components, an easy-to-make silicone phantom, and personal mobile device to build an low-cost training simulator for US-guided PCA. Since the surgical scene, including the kidney and US images are simulated and visualized in AR, the tradition lab setting is no longer required. Trainees have the option to practice at home in a stress-free environment. In addition, this simulator provides performance feedback via direct visualization and data sheet, which facilitate deliberate practice without supervision. For educators, new training content, such as patient specific cases can be easily imported to this simulator without any hardware alteration.
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