Pro Evolution Soccer 2015 CD-Key
Ingelore Clason
This year a new edition of the soccer simulation Pro Evolution Soccer will be released and will bring a variety of evolutionary novelties. The game will again use the FOX engine, offering the new feature Real Touch thanks to which passes can be managed in a much better way and which defines the way a player receives a pass based on his characteristics. The new Precise Pass system is all about the physics of the ball and about the wonderful precision of passing it. Players also get a lot of new moves and animations. The game will have different aesthetic improvements such as steam coming out of people's mouths in cold weather and various reactions on the stadium. Part of the game will be the Champions League and myClub mode, tactical system Total Team Control and the new features for the goalkeepers.
Os principais objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) comparar a intensidade de exerccio em diversas fases (seis fases de 15 min) de partidas de futebol; 2) comparar o tempo de partida acima do limiar anaerbio (LAN) entre diferentes categorias (sub-17 e sub-20); e 3) comparar o tempo de partida acima do LAN entre jogadores de diferentes posies (zagueiros, meio campistas, atacantes e laterais). Quarenta e quatro jogadores foram analisados. A intensidade de esforo como frequncia cardaca (FC) foi monitorada em 29 jogos oficiais. A FC correspondente intensidade do OBLA (onset of blood lactate accumulation) foi obtida em um teste de campo. A maior intensidade de exerccio foi observada no perodo 15-30 min do primeiro tempo (p< 0,05). O tempo de partida gasto acima do LAN no foi diferente entre jogadores das categorias sub-17 e sub-20. Os laterais apresentaram menor tempo acima do LAN (p< 0,05). Pode concluir-se que a intensidade do esforo foi maior em 15 a 30 min (fase intermediria), provavelmente porque os jogadores esto mais descansados no incio e o desgaste progressivo ao longo do jogo. A intensidade de exerccio (FC e tempo acima LAN) dos laterais foi menor, provavelmente porque eles executam um maior nmero de sprints e necessitam de mais tempo abaixo do LAN para se recuperar.
Forty-four male soccer players from U-17 and U-20 year-old categories took part in this study (Table 1). Subjects had regular training sessions and competed in official events of the Brazilian Soccer Federation. Six of these players were in the national team during the year in which the study was conducted.
Athletes maintained normal routine and followed recommendations about food and fluids ingestion in accordance with the club nutritional department. They used soccer cleats in all tests, which were performed in natural grass fields. The tests were managed in the morning and about 36 hours after the last training session to ensure that fatigue does not interfere on the performance.
This study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee (COEP) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (ETIC-291/09) and complied with all the standards set by the National Health Council (Res. 466/12) involving research with human beings.
HR was registered in 29 official matches during the season and using appropriate equipment without wrist monitor (Polar Electro Oy, Team System, Finland). The HR was continuously monitored with a sample recorded every 5s. The data was later transferred to a computer and analyzed with specific software (Polar Electro Oy, Polar Precision Performance SW 3.0, Finland). The intensity of the games was analyzed in six different phases: 0-15 min, 15-30 min and 30-45 min of the first and of the second half. Figure 1 presents an example of the HR monitoring throughout a match.
HR corresponding to the intensity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) was obtained in a field test. The test consisted of 2 to 5 runs of 1000 m in a constant pace that was controlled by verbal stimulus. Between 60 and 90 seconds after each run a blood sample was collected (25 L) to analyze the BLC using a blood lactate analyzer (Accusport). If the BLC reached or surpassed the value of 4mM, the test was interrupted. Otherwise, the volunteer ran one more time at a faster 1 km/h speed. Each race takes place with a minimum of three minutes among themselves. The average speed of the first run was 10 km/h. The values of HR and BLC were analyzed using worksheet software (Microsoft Excel) to determine by linear interpolation the HR corresponding to OBLA. The HR corresponding to OBLA was used to determine the percentage of the match time that was spent above the intensity of AT.
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was estimated using the field test proposed by Margaria et al.1717 Margaria R, Aghemo P, Pinera Limas F. A simple relation between performance in running and maximal aerobic power. J Appl Physiol 1975;38(2):351-2., which consisted of running 2400 m at the highest individual running speed. This test was applied two days after the OBLA test.
HR values during tests were analyzed to determine the maximum heart rate (HRmax) of each athlete. Thus, HRmax was found during one of the official matches or during one of the field tests (OBLA or VO2max).
All periods in the first half were more intense (HR) in comparison with the respective phases in the second half (p< 0.05). The highest exercise intensity during match was observed in the 15-30 min period of the first half (p< 0.05). Similar results are shown in the %HRmax analysis (Figure 2).
Interestingly, recent studies have proven an increase of physical demand in soccer in the last times22 Barnes C, Archer DT, Hogg B, Bush M, Bradley PS. The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the English Premier League. Int J Sports Med 2014;35(13):1095-100.,88 Wallace JL, Norton KI. Evolution of World Cup soccer final games 1966-2010: game structure, speed and play patterns. J Sci Med Sport 2014;17(2):223-8.. An advancement in the total number of passes have been accompanied by significantly increments in sprint distance, high intensity running and number of sprints22 Barnes C, Archer DT, Hogg B, Bush M, Bradley PS. The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the English Premier League. Int J Sports Med 2014;35(13):1095-100.. It represents an evolution in structural and tactical viewpoint of soccer and, consequently, a challenge for coaches and sport scientists to attended new physical requests.
Considering that exercise intensity is one of the key components of the training load, the present results might be used by coaching staff in order to organize conditioning programs. With this information is also possible predict changes in attack or defense strategies, replacement players or even suggest technical breaks when possible. Further, it can contribute with the analysis of expected physical performance to the team.
With regard to the limitations of the study, it should be pointed out that the HR can be influenced by several aspects, such as temperature, hydration state and emotional factors. The VO2max and OBLA were determined in field tests and not in the laboratory. The field tests are more specific, while the accuracy of laboratory tests is higher.
We concluded that the intensity of exercise was higher in the first half than in the second half time and that it was highest from 15 to 30 minutes into the first half of matches, probably because the players are more rested in the beginning and wearing out is progressive throughout the match. It is also noteworthy to say that the intensity of exercise (HR and time above AT) of backs, forwards, midfielders and wingbacks was not different between categories (age groups) or playing positions. However, the wingbacks remained less time above the AT probably because they usually are required to run a larger number of longer sprints and need more time below the AT to recover.
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