This seem to work on my system. You need an up-to-date version
(it works with GS 8.61) of gs for the Gray
ColorConversionStrategy to be available.
gswin32c.exe -q -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE#pdfwrite -dBATCH
-sOutputFile#test.pdf -dProcessColorModel#/DeviceGray
-sColorConversionStrategy#Gray test.ps
The python script could be something like:
# ---------------------------------
import Image
# Load and convert to Greyscale to start with
Original = Image.open("Winter.jpg").convert("L")
""" with a threshold of 60, all pixels more than 60
become pure black, others pure white.
Choose threshold by Trial and Error.
"""
threshold = 60
Result=Result.point(lambda i: (i > threshold) * 255)
Result=Result.convert("1")
Result.save("Result2.pdf")
#--------------------------------------
But you are quite likely to hit nasty anti-aliasing problems
unless you do some other image-processing first. Blur,
Line-thickening, anti-aliasing ...
Interactive software might be better, by the way.
If it is only for printing then use -sDEVICE#psmono and set the
resolution with the -r flag.