DVORAK Keyboard driver, can I change the keys of my keyboard?
Kevin Hill
I have a make SE/30 and I would like to switch to DVORAK, however,
to do this, I need to change all the keys on my keyboard.... Possible, or
not possible?
-Kevin Hill
San Diego CA.
p.s. If I can remove the key tops, will the angles of the top row, mess me
up when I put them down in the bottom row, and vice versa?
Jan Steinman
as Mac and Sun solutions.
# shar archive: to unpack, type "sh thisFileName"
#
# This is a hand-generated sharchive. I've only verified it unpacks.
#
# This sharchive contains several parts: 1) general information about
# Dvorak resources and Mac installation instructions, 2) a Mac
# binhexed StuffIt archive containing a Mac Dvorak keymap, 3) Sun
# xmodmap files for switching X-Windows back and forth between QWERTY
# and Dvorak. Distribute freely and enjoy!
cat <<'XxXxXxX' >Dvorak_Read_Me
Some Dvorak Resources
Jan Steinman, July 1992
Bytesmiths
2002 Parkside Court
West Linn, OR 97068-2767
503/657-7703
(This text is duplicated within the enclosed Macintosh binhexed StuffIt file.)
Licensing:
This is "1706-ware". If you like it and use it, and are sympathetic to the
unjust tax treatment of independent technical consultants, send a check for
$1.00, payable to "Bytesmiths", along with a brief note stating that I have
provided you with technical services (this software and documentation, and any
help you might need using it) for hire (the $1). If you don't feel like doing
that, I'm not about to sick the SPA on you or anything (my regular clients keep
food on our table), but neither will I go very far out of my way to help you
with any problems or questions you might have! (Advertisement: "Bytesmiths" are
two highly experienced Smalltalk designers-implementors-trainers. Write or call
for brochure and resumes.)
Installation:
You should have received a Dvorak keyboard file with this file. To install it
under System 7, simply drag it to your System Folder. If you are comfortable
with ResEdit, you might want to turn on the keyboard icon by opening the System
file, opening "itlc" resource 0, and checking the "Always show" "1" box
(American System files come set to "0".)
With "Always show" turned on, a tiny icon will appear between the baloon help
icon and the application icon. This new icon has a drop-down menu of installed
keyboards. You can also cycle through installed keyboards by typing
command-option-space.
System 6 users must use ResEdit to install it. Open both the System file and
the Dvorak keyboard file. Copy the "KCHR" resource 128 from the Dvorak file and
paste it into the System file.
Give me a call if you need help installing Dvorak, or if you need resources
other than those mentioned below.
Publications and Information:
Freelance Communications (Box 1895, Upland, CA 91785) publishes a periodically
revised list of Dvorak products. Send $1.00 to cover printing and postage for
the latest issue.
Freelance also publishes "The Dvorak Keyboard," (ISBN 0-935309-10-1) by R. C.
Cassingham, an excellent, 94 page description of the ergonomic keyboard's
history and implementation: $12.95 plus $1.00 shipping.
Linda Bundy at Keytime (4516 NE 54th, Seattle, WA 98105-2933, 206/324-7219)
offers Dvorak training, and is quite helpful about things Dvorak. Keytime also
sells Dvorak overlays, Dvorak keyboards, and other Dvorak stuff (see below).
Keyboard overlays:
If you are just learning Dvorak, or if you share a keyboard with others, you
will want key top overlays. I have also physically exchanged keycaps, but most
keyboards are articulated, with the different rows having different heights and
angles. This makes for a "drunken keyboard" effect, which looks funny, but is
usable. Another alternative is to carefully remove each key, and write the
Dvorak character on the front face of each key with permanent felt-tip marker,
but the overlays are relatively cheap and easier to install.
Here's a couple hints for installing overlays. Be sure keys are clean, or the
adhesive may not stick well. Alcohol is recommended; other solvents may damage
the key or the overlay. "Locator" keys can be a problem. Sun SPARCstation
keyboards have a raised bar on the lower edge of the first-finger keys. Simply
trim the bottom edge of the overlay for these keys to keep them from hanging
over the top edge of the key. Apple Extended Keyboards have a raised dimple in
the middle of the middle-finger keys. I carefully cut the backing around the
key top, carefully aligned the key top on the dimpled key, and pressed firmly,
which made a nice indentation in the key top. I then used an X-ACTO blade to
slice off the top of the indentation, which made it fit perfectly. While not
nearly as noticeable as before, the dimple can still be felt with the modified
key top installed.
Hoolean Company (Box 230, Cornville, AZ 86325, 602/634-7517) has high-quality
key top labels for $26.95 plus shipping. These opaque keytops match the color
of the Apple Extended Keyboard, and have a large, black Dvorak character on the
upper left corner and a small, red QWERTY character on the lower right corner.
I have these on my Mac, and am completely satisfied. Hoolean can also supply
you with a complete set of keys with Dvorak characters (or any custom
characters of your choice), but these cost a significant fraction of an entire
Dvorak keyboard from Keytime (below)!
Keytime (info above) has lower-cost key tops for $10.00 plus shipping. These
thin, glossy labels have a small, blue Dvorak character in the lower right
corner. They are transparent, so the key's QWERTY character shows through. I
found that the adhesive on these leak around the edges, which picks up dirt,
which looks ratty after a while. Also, if the keyboard you apply these to has
large, centered QWERTY characters, the Dvorak characters may interfere. I use
these (with permission, of course) on client machines because of their low
cost.
Keyboards:
Keytime (info above) markets a switchable QWERTY/Dvorak keyboard, available for
either Mac or PC, for $179.00 plus shipping. This is a good choice for
MeSs-DOS, since applications are ill-behaved, and software solutions do not
work for all (many?) programs. This keyboard has large, black Dvorak characters
on the upper left corner of the key top and small, blue QWERTY characters on
the side of the key facing the user. I've found this to be disconcerting to
QWERTY users -- the dual-character on the top seems to be easier to figure out.
A key labelled "QW Lock" on the upper right corner of the keyboard switches the
keyboard between Dvorak and OWERTY. DIP switches underneath the keyboard can be
used for one-handed -- right or left -- Dvorak operation, although the key tops
do not have one-handed legends. I use this keyboard at client sites where PCs
and clones rule.
(Apparently, Windows now comes standard with a Dvorak keymap available -- way
to go, Mr. Bill! This is one area where Apple has to play catch-up.)
Training:
Keytime (info above) has Dvorak classes, but I don't have many details. I think
they have open registration in Seattle, or will come to your site for a certain
minimum number of students. Call Linda for details.
Software Toolworks (60 Leveroni Court, Novato, CA 94949, 415/883-3000) sells
"Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing" (also available through Egghead and other
software retailers) which has a section on Dvorak training.
These are ones I personally know -- the Freelance list mentioned above has many
others.
Compatibility:
For the most part, Mac applications work well with the software solution, so
there is little need to purchase a Dvorak keyboard for use with a Mac, unless
you want proper Dvorak key tops and applying adhesive labels is not an option.
I've used lots of applications (including many, such as "QuicKeys" and "Type It
For Me", that you might think would cause problems), and had very few problems.
One nuisance problem is with Thunder 7, which responds to both the QWERTY and
Dvorak command keys! This is a nuisance only; Thunder 7 still works properly
for interactive spelling, but you cannot command-S "Save", since Thunder 7 sees
that as command-; "Show Suggestions". This happens even if you change the
assignment of "Show Suggestions" to some other key -- weird! I have not
contacted Baseline Publishing about this problem.
Another commonly used interactive spell checker, Lookup, also has a problem:
its correction algorithm tries to make suggestions based on QWERTY key
proximity. I'm not certain key proximity is a good idea in general -- I know I
tend to make homophonic spelling errors -- but QWERTY key proximity correction
is intolerable for Dvorak typists! I asked Working Software if they had, or
planned, a way of turning proximity correction off, and they said "No."
Some programs, notably communications programs and Smalltalk-80, have their own
KCHRs. Under System 7, hitting command-option-space will cycle you back to your
properly installed Dvorak, but System 6 users may have to ResEdit offending
applications.
Benefits:
One generally thinks first of efficiency and speed when one considers Dvorak --
typing competitions are dominated by Dvorak typists. I've found that, while my
typing is probably 10% to 20% faster and a bit more accurate, the real payoff
for me has been relief from physical discomfort. My hands used to ache after a
long day at the keyboard, but no longer! Dvorak may be useful to those with a
history of Repetitive Motion Syndrome or Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. One's fingers
typically travel 1/18 the distance when using a Dvorak keyboard.
Dvorak has proven easier to learn. I expect all who read this are already
QWERTYized, but their children, friends and relatives can benefit from learning
Dvorak from the start.
Drawbacks:
It wouldn't be fair to mention benefits without mentioning drawbacks, several
of which come to mind immediately:
Getting started will take some time. I switched as part of user interface
research at Tektronix Laboratories -- I realize few regular computer users will
have this luxury! Expect one to two weeks of reduced productivity. I recommend
switching "cold turkey", and not trying to use both keyboards in transition.
Switching back is a pain (literally!) I've found that I can hunt-and-peck my
way around for a short time on QWERTY, but if I am to use a machine for longer
than a few hours, I install Dvorak on it.
If others must use your machine, they will swear at you. For this reason, do
the "Always show" System file mod described above, and train those who share
your machine on how to switch. They will still be unhappy every time they type:
"Yd. 'gcjt xpr,b urq hgml.e rk.p yd. na;f eriv" instead of "The quick brown fox
jumped over the lazy dog." Luckily, Neanderthal typists are seldom good enough
to type very many characters before discovering their problem!
Conversely, you will probably become an accomplished Dvorak touch-typist, and
may transcribe several paragraphs (if you do that sort of thing) before
discovering that someone left you in Neanderthal mode, and you've typed in
jibberish.
Spelling correctors may lose some usefulness. I've found that, although my
accuracy has increased, my errors tend to be vowel substitutions, which are
more likely to form correct (out-of-context) words, such as far-for, much-mach,
this-thus, etc. This phenomena is probably because vowel substitutions are
strictly homophonic on QWERTY, but are both homophonic and proximal on Dvorak.
Sigh. I've never seen a thing yet that didn't have both advantages and
disadvantages!
Conclusion:
I hope this information and the associated keyboard layout is useful to you.
Few who switch to Dvorak switch back, and Dvorak users, like Mac users, tend to
become fanatics. Just remeber that a keyboard is a very personal thing to most
regular computer users, and nobody likes a zealot. Just smugly enjoy your
newfound speed and comfort, and the more curious of your friends will
eventually ask to try it, then give them these files and be supportive.
Perhaps someday, all computers will be dual-standard -- it costs nothing extra
to have two characters on a key top and to include the proper keymap (millions
of Windows users already have the latter). Perhaps then, Dvorak will be offered
in high-school typing classes, and we can move beyond the Keyboard Designed To
Be Slow.
XxXxXxX
cat <<'XxXxXxX' >Dvorak.hqx
(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)
:#N4fEh*KDbjcDA3!8dP84&0*9#%!!!!!)-J!!!&%',96593K!!)!!#$)FNaKG3)
N!!!!&J%*"3814(C[FQ&V)&*PB@3J6@96b3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F0`!!!!!!!!!!G(4bEh4dH(3"!+D'81'QKP$Q!!!*!`!
!,$i!!!Br!!!9FMKMU!)!!!!!!!#9M-CLih$K[bLlIINi`"hll3q'[m9GMQMDa1L
`K6!crrNp,9P(3AZ%RRF5)R'Jkdk!&qrplI[V1pmChi6ICQD((A3d!(ZHRhNS%FI
%3#!d!!"N*Gbq`KZ19#'9amU[rP`N00YQ&NZbcD5bp2X%+rN6fpm5baK+8e0Gl$T
(lE(4!qb@LFHqBGI0R4j&!E2858a'd6+c&GUeXb(b2),ap[!jK#)`8jN-4!hS9*1
(`mQ3!%pH`fQ#fNJ0jH@rKX%GS(KN4i`kFrQc@,0NUmr5bf9"PH*L03[(JFa*1L*
$pR*(JIT`"1h)%bAB@rKXB*M!6MX-,Yk$Z`*m!$R(M``%K-(b+BMmh*M%f#'&N!#
rqYC)QeIr`8Pb(k4XZV'q550Mm'br`qJ9hNc#1VhfMhS@N!$Zi*NB2['V8%d%cb5
-3NfdrIb2(39l&YSRj+rmLPf5D3m$9J+ceGE-802"afqA)VNaZYC6F5p54!+eI3a
ffmKIR9P3lP!pACC'm2,JM3@'FMAbS!+"be99ce@Z`CSB)"PjrmI9A"Z4$-$`h@m
p[d'PKMk#r'GGqNJ3iN&cEdHPLIe+236#p2ZbGXaXrDKITN8Gd-r,)-kE&Tdr,KP
U-[dZ1h#8,F$hR!bb3hB`F++QFf2"I`[ZlV36c3'm$4lbc0H5[a9$F&3hhP[@@**
I(0aBR#MEUP9Sda9$8f*&%`dqdVJX'S0h$5+6KS1FP"@jS0AJ5!"SUD9U1qd3E+A
'VXYFAKr!'U@N%qJ'RrS[U"md044!ELM'2k&9!'[UMbL`YH$02*4)-iJ)qF3BVjT
'X#-5%'HX%'B-&f00qcrpQ%brQ%33bp4G%+S3b20SKC(HlVm&J5"D`d![Z),i'K#
lri,cYVip#%U3!*c'M2(0@UK!SC-+#ZK2V"D4`0JFMr!$PlU4Ap"$VI8Q#HIr1i!
#CRC0AhITCje#52(mA1&B!-5PRS**)#A31%",38TRrHQH`Vf@qC1aiV2ep&[Lr`,
4-e)0Q@GY"ZGZ,R,e`X`RcU+[U5idV+l9"(5KY4ZVr9'r0qEI"hj%KN03,&k$#B+
IS!0ZVY[S0[6Bhp4GGfGYYLf!S-aHXJhjj3E5&hfN+85XcQp(9FC-a@%dZrdkE[S
EMT!!VXkFlc5Q&8D$SrEZL)AFJjYE38EQ8K"p*(+X)CV(J8L4M'`#M2%+iYBNL"f
PQRGbJ4VjDeV%NJb3!$rb"ihZfD"DSFK#34N8%EhTJJACSC9d8%l5e##6C9ZbNM@
ad,%P+XG3r0b,GU9fkqdX&hIPC9Bj@Q12H'Id5If,l#3beIJ*bb(QR-HFFEIZe(+
1AS(+#S%VTXF'1@-,!jj'YZ#%Z`U+T&QIaUfT!!3RRHM&`JF54`$122Z%MQ%5,6I
`+cGSHiI#4JDa*ChpiCZp"@$4pm000S!(a(JRkIX38#lpI@T[e+m!@!0e4@p,(@X
NY(5Y6mG1&PIMZbqMUbEB$Xl"F"jpdMR)(9&*eliiSDM#(l`14S`"m0E`pE2!FlX
GJl(-qpcQhAlCYY+jp2TfaUQp)(22BS@cF-26Ii*VfMZ*m"`)2p(*4!VCcq@,6e[
VDFX3epk)Tq-acbcGhdQj*X+P1JF%Ib8-Jj2Q'TZ)r9jPEkqcY40NH,rqcZpdb5B
q8aaP)qrSImrqcl(LPC(AQcUlGjBc+cT25rq1BR3[k-8!8RDdi,MP24'c$5"Z@DN
DiiJXk3jP-cpU@QZDh$5+1Hp*&R[G$(,8c)+NhbFrGAZ13r5@)qB8$N3LG3pFIe'
LdFUHQ!,$(2ZGUG#A$f9U9ZFmf%$(+ULL8ijC`a8aMU+bI$!j5@X6'QCYcbhDkN@
DffEZ5!fKKA9&UP9apAB&VXRNZD"bB3dCI@BY"'QSbQUb@m@6`F$NTaA%lFTEHrp
crij92ZHerdUKQ6XkhS`@m5ph-,eeZp+#(iV)@-(EhlE80bq2qB-X@SA(!a6kFFC
8pkX!["cH!1b3!1Fm'%k5YpLcT%E)#Rk!Sp!8pSNMmrN4cTq#%B"'MN)hq#2r3b#
#f60KPF!#F&)*LM4JN8N%S@3%qXJRj[fSQ4bDaDZK+&*Ic9iaZIUNPFJP[XfH6-q
46ebZ,S&HiD&beCH(iJ+T(H*kd+6I%qjE'pJP8f#kKIXqCMB,qTDp1f+9HT&@c-J
!1rqrcmGCd!,"rhYqpphVrrf`'lppQea1YGIUYK!&RkeZ"6RlL[B@Ri"CGlaD,I6
k(BTl'#T'L[r2M2[q$k6CcpL!@ZSq([1&Z31UmIP0e$eIP&5@fUU9QjJ8c@,6Cq#
i5GM"906JA+L4UE"Gr&9-Y!YB8Y11DM",6Q2XF`J5DB)5mFD`RT@5#I$#lqrQH$+
`*l"a%1$32[hT`"NK-(U#HL0i6$`F2"q"bNk)335ISGJ$M*,T3L!rI!AhFcm82p"
Z4$HFZLF[#4"MHprjNBdJ'k$BQmmj2MrZABeXIif4MJc`C#($U%d`*clYZFlQ!$b
LGk-S-B[H!32DMI+)Q1C4(ZfE(1S2l5DraBPF32XNH[&J9djpfciaeZAb+[lhhM-
qiq*QE3XekRb,a2b2HK!d*$&8'f6Q@ETkJ3m6UcRZjPXDqL)G&bErNDG*rbqrE99
8MTrfUSMF31KqJ9Q,ZCAf*QaIh1I"9F[ITP[(C8ff#D(GXR+Z4'-AX+mKa9''("j
B6TAGhFR2d5EX'R'+69P(3LQ(X*LBTa6I3IXPNV*P*'M@FqAR*5(KVI9-e@%a&()
L---aC4@T&!'8*DZIjCL--Fa+4-iEPEBJ)-b(GT'lBR''$`*,54bGQb)(9lM*)VG
a0KpcLB1DSTfI`E&Z#`P&eb$+9)(H&BTqIV2,CC86,2,$9f*,9`'4qYQ3!!@bc*X
AK9Uh!QA&fHQXmQ-qQdKd$&arS06P2aE%lf5m0`T1&`M+R'!Nf!m[aNA6qb1HJi5
eRG84e#4qN4PU+3@rLB2&*Xr82`(F5b`8!F++4#Reb!Jb*hh#k8F34lmEP1G5Ub$
pL,dff3YPPJdMfIlT'fC@jKFdmF6M[Fj#p*qV&0BG+b3H2cUdTA(2"6r"Mm-[k)+
K6-P#cG+UL,QdY4@1#iD$QpG(iPiGIe"@YSlb(QR,Fb+*&)[Y*K#Mkk@Iqm*[9ll
@ZZ@Z3'BL%FHR,GmNiETNNBaiq2q,ZhIk'qckM[`e)[YkG$N3mPEm4V$6FKMKAja
KjQ#p)(Q%kQS'#AB5"*8F8#rX24`hI#0HGPdP1UG2frFB6iV,RHkF*T!!mhL,VFR
IUPNRl&adq!4ITEb'I@TEZCGeSPV4J(EcXa*4F[qR@lkR!6A9MS9SIU[lGP!XdcF
TE5l38N&pB,bf32B@$,6#@U+"4Y(I`Cdbqf6S'4N!G5dD@[*Ya*`"ZUI!l2%HFAc
Fj!dAbL(fjrcm52irHUlPZ`)Uklm`eREf$EeJp6iSe[HQ(6#E%-Ik&KdYrETf%Yr
`9GQjqAMb,cFf[ImVPICQcQNHc(llV[F5!dHNcllp&M""3F%YTVXlFkB+M&bL"9d
Dp5pUH$&R!KTNaSdQ2jNjr)&HXLIT+2B%&54fNqp2Ve45ph[M&3e)aK$%L-3DJYJ
9Mi@8rLNM1pKal`bqVaXX+Z"A+P9H5rYAeP2D*hpHKkAP8NU[Gj+PfH9l8RImmb[
-M0Q0GKCYRRP9Fm91AdC(id4f68'IMZH`F$LiH$bmFEXhq16AN!!)LqjMe6dPKR9
MPZP$[GB'FmF'dKQ-l'EqGL[q1k`j-pF`lEfTHB!2$,&VH(Z6Xb83i&GD'AB)mUQ
,AmIQLE+k@)R8PGTMM!f2qBmda9p$VCBmr-qKl25VKdE'`X)[Rr8YcG"`d'VBT$P
5pJ@`-)Lq'LDiCQli1UX!Bi3(YGV`B)6M6fqJMJEP)IM,d(GkLN0Ti8hR5f&H)@'
@6Bk$5mHCieK3bJ`5q'Yb$8C()df8i1QHre-PM#*NqV!V6,U"EUea0+'A6#F"paT
3TBT9)P[pY9c*0BH$UI*Ck*%HBUPd2qea*FNLT!(V)JbDZHp9hM`T2!A"E+Pi!SG
58lXe"ARQA#jY`FRC@UUfS8$3XmfN,J(DkMekQ(PIVHIBQA)3-a50cZaVa6E"c5'
h##pdUe$"9A+B8DjGf8l['(fMbLaR0mQ8F4Bi!ADDVUL8SeM,,)#aiP+6QYVT5k,
rJXYdd'V0qE-E9TTND'2cEmLq#@Lb$56c4*B(NPER&10RC-T4*Ccb5%A&0@-[UXc
SKGB%85!Yd)9lMcPF-3+h,FNR*U$faHmRdPc#*&LcH,XJp@)L3!q3!&Z[9*Z+cX'
YG$*Y%0ZCV*aX1bk5I*dqV9pBZYMTHFLZ*+G15E,C+,0@blBPS-DE&a69`1FHPe#
4Rej86#f[A8h4iG'94ZY[Qf&Gp%fJcI"ANmX9eIBUPFZ"3fT@9qYdV6fqPL5Kei"
fpjKdXGCUNeHJQk6Y4)84E&'Z@`Z$m[-GXG6eS9eYhdVeYRJNLNELkTI5H8P'-GP
m&bNeE@Edfi,qDFTGp'&jSKEh+H-I`8M0H*9K!`a8`Q20J!`rHBM*MP(-5qG$A`F
Yfe#B*&R*&kXjF5EDkB@aQ0)6e@keS,bK'JLDlZ[`ZKMJSbB&DUf4E8MN)DKB*I)
1"KUr22d'q#(p"Z0S3mZm,i[l`DarGP4jSUrkPJTfD&N,8B0bkeSHla"q-4qPVk1
LNbG-EX@5j[*62jAh8`Xbfiqf2"[5mRA[+hpX@E8L99R$kG(R0'84YLr%jPFC(6M
jr$ZjChAU"Hc6'!VIX*2iPPG%IHk*lf3HHhUVF`#VkPAK4aE#A4blFPk'Gfqaf"Y
ZqD2Z-aa(Q[Zd9p[Jcp)Q1492Xl-ahm#S&TSfpcd5e,A%PNCq&+pB(jmBe"h+JR@
$MpeTZ`hZ8BKr(b6lAD"IhqGXF*,VX08HEp(BrIrALNP)l@B!AjI+(P'dmKVDJIl
G1Z2IaMaeIp3$@SMHD&4&bfUPN!#j5Y4"DAcTl#-Y8"Af"aSN5Flf+"l)aQ$El$L
P@@jZIAq`[H#kPMG)DpdUqq69k"-02qd%*I$$1AbhdI%G#Q(rPkhL(I[#F+8l6RE
i9KHKXlkVBVPY[88Y9fQeb4UB%N$XZrhd*0M9dhLIhaqMLAHIG6Cc8cmThHM'h3%
qPp*EY21,08'G2a6d'M5ARFQI4"$VNV'cNfh[ER-Ch1J&3f0e[AX$h%$CD'dG%ES
KrkR#je(aTR8+%HGa9[p'pT&Fh4@UHKA(bITZ61qel!)$16[pLCr&mU+AcfH1Y5U
XbIKcRCVaL[BQR3$+-6'P%[m#!@RH(ejUpmE&l,kKEBD[FE[IU4XS*I+#kQI-92f
h2$1&3lfpDKT4[D'e5hEpY*5*kMpKafDp,9'JKYR5"YkQV!mfJKV&eFk1Fe-[`@*
rRHZbDVVN2dehe9c)Mj0UXpNi%%4-BUlca)aUlVVG230je2GI6p,Sf)M2$ZZPDXm
jRCMK&c@pd'QkV[@fYY*eG1kmm*8'XHU`hmk@C++Vk1AITHq`rh9edDhXKqA4Rfi
fkje)+($qJ(TAJ*ZmjI9jhS3PUjFVM5mA`QIaY-LI!#q26[KfHE!)r`k8hr$A)e@
U9HC0j@`IRdiE1@ljiVX[[P@P,@%'kNVR`LTi+Rb&(Ee0SMJH*e'md[1fKh`6Fc'
Z0MGXKm+jhTB&j%CeZQrS19,VCqRHVc6NVh9klc)mc5m0A[NLA6KZeCKZYKh%$cE
hEfSF+6ITHF3N0`Tl4`Ea)f&9cSe$mTcG",&VrMjfr[k[@jE0J)3c+cfq`fm"Q35
*Jlmr[4@ph1mK0Z+iCR-(9jVi+pI2ffTIdVZP!8Di-KU6G9!jhfJFZ"@Y%%+1kY3
dCfce!m2SKlZi#R5aTN[h6lHXMmQiirKhPFcjAb%hkdfhKMH[R1-00AZ'`aR-"r5
RRA,RXrC8Hk4FeT()GCM#%D*#U*rmJFH9MjM0fkcdpcblQrEIi&2bMMik2m@jDZE
(jM-HN!!N*5Jq6E&G0kiYhp2YeR`iQ8CiPr)2r13IU#8plRXhfB)PM'[p6,Hpj-B
@YTq2A&H3!*fBQ8RRcGV0eEfC6q#phpIB89I($bKc$l3bB0P+HYVG(dAM0!ek6K)
r9Iq8Zckr1Q9mV-NeS9AFTrrN!Fi-UP[klrh0Gm6ePQIFk'+rra6f!C["0r1INZ[
m3iS60eemN@,-SpKXLlrc$mRC,('hEbZ28hbdrl0cH"f-SQ6V[rXFFD)CHERb!Y#
3!)I2*Y![c2Ye[Fr[rh@bHcl8AF[mXYQpr#IlB'l9R)H!BHUi(EN(A,1h0SME#"U
QMpaMR$r)j2jYMmZQLc2EIfc,eE+bC@Tqrf*(C06LSe%@M6qV1FQ4Iia@UF&cRme
9A6aqaGhYar(@qIK@4rj*EXQk)`h6CNkZpUIc!J4NercE6ajN*pGP!rql@@EcpHf
[kKjCaR5$'XAFIGQd2kM`FaaYdYU@j`elMYCTp60rZIKYe5jHL[h#lY@cfdKmfE(
F',R9bl$j&lFETqSZq$(JHf$i@Y3p&Df1jICEUC!!c1mCbEre*)lQ0f4Hm(H(dSG
4R(c[YhH&RbN&d+ekZ1BQcbIDLa69*9fYCT*RCrPIGYaeKUmKmNm#ZqH'Uab(`jP
2NAP9M*E$mT!!LAQVqIh%2[,iAeA,TI9h2$p61RBhQT!!M)XdC*2pArjQDrSG'i&
4kF+hd&pIkpUU'p%4VqG'D5e1@R9rAHrMS86Z)J@4hZL'YIHT5M09H&l(IJ$MV1S
QR1M1GreMB*Ec+NdHIeY4+KNdp3IC*2@HC8C3iVilmGYl$9G[+[ce*4mP2K4'LA8
lr-[9hh&F[N,eTAjXHTf1G9#6l``5He$qB5JZD(Lllp[r81IZk"qYV(4S0f5[m"2
19k8!kYEYIreh(JEpNEUEBllXQD*#Km-l6P'C2HKRYBqbC3YVH)d6hrcVqCUYm,i
6p'[Hj*2mUIDChZ6rNQMJ4aB[j5@[kFG*,8beBNAYep8[ee[J`hiZrP5CKbIml#N
#0!@4'Y$rS[9'Biid*Cd3QCIDqhqR&Qj9'H#JRVhTScrjlBPqMc(3CZF,X`D0MIR
C'NRfKKL10Ul5(NZiVkNFaG4mIRDp4mSpC'Q!rEMhf8,VFaaLIBY-J8ElGq1,GDJ
1`9X8aNT%qi!6@(X(NTa#8Vf,@N@%(UiDGfL+F%T`pHkekdZahiCcN!$&@*MJQ+j
4CHXNRkM)XrXjh!A6CY'A$VQ+a'eKVMdCZRAr"`1D9i3Zrd,QA[cfFHM%UaX!9%(
0B&$reRI[5N@k)rUf2SJklYC6fC[[Xh3$M6T,NeGE(4H6K%fAiX2j@$%MdUNejk)
Np8XLdH!X`k8QMh)YM*!!+c!h6QMIQjf5Y*5miP#Vim#Im9CrM,,9Kb)bTGrf090
Dh,)NpkC$r+MF+SrFm'[TjeErccK+`$iZZe-#4ipZURe8H1F"k9req5qp8dkrLjr
l5PrQU&lXddj(Fb9Fr6AAAbHj+M$1jYmXP1R)VHj0jmlcpU6#%iIANb1hPmiaqrd
*-r`Va)"VI3Z6riSajeX#B1Y#UkKKM03KThr&DE*T$'j6($mV++$[c"@2j0DNpV`
,Iq`*GUD$q9NRe`J-6CdFKR[fqfMQ$X@cqJpEie0r,ZUKYZhqRDATEl(j'm%$p9#
aMipN8qD1#1Mfc(+'PMq1q9c6!b9PB9meH'hL(Yj+"E@C93j5XVBf%l*"cX8C)03
X'GDTK$2e2!D3!2r"Rf%#(He2Fp2k+iDKf1l2`Y#SjKRidH-pHLZ95jR$4GVK&r5
13+qi+PiJRlYeq9HVRfN9EmpG'(C[VYem[IETV4i2[EI+PZD(qi[UDRp9Rf(3UG+
cim+k2aRI,%-6)64je5Ri!FK40NA#dqK[FfHXhlU4Y0ARRM[Uaq8,r[)c5pc$rc#
2%E6X65rD92C+b6%mX2h`mE2[KiUb3aM"rL+18+CCl[QHB4%dXrJJFYF49SrDGJ4
djk1QEmNhcYfpZkk0$q!p@2(R`D[aDjYdmQrpc*jC$i9q'I!Yrp39Tb$4hrc(NP8
mBLMcG-$Kb5qkViY#e1k5cVh'ID2CH)rN8R3Vd`qDTrh0bh#AHkk+b@E0IR$-"R$
IN@Ijpr2MZpH@!MB9lJ)'%c`SJAqX$m#Y2ERf$bB'QZJYq-V4RZ9N+pAFpqlPJQ9
X"lUJCHXX!kJJ8Eqh-P`[dMI9qHe3I&LdF6L45T@+aE-SK(m*cTXAcr9DQ3$*AX[
X#'af6+5+q,1r3R(m[UENYV-mB9M$N!$[kR,X@J*&,H59TZ%94Q2pZV(4m(Sa91h
'IIR%aZ*r99TikcdJP1TUjVH[%i*Ae4BEkBG[%'Z+M-%'YlL9l5k001mM&I85eZ5
@#Bq!cib0MFph#GTpBXCZIlYiGkT,rHcV(#[%+#P3Q-jh,Y,h6'4h,E@YM(S$,E4
p0Ifre934VEaS@hBU2mVcaqP+6VbT@FErVdCM+#qqG04hhBcU5leR6JmHQeccYjq
dHQMKq2DNrJm&9*j#aHUK9ES[jXheRp8KPjiPNbdXfZ$@Pq#VqQrPS+d@E9T[qDQ
2M'E$#PJ'h(p*fParTaGKrXhYJe,dIqkli@,Dc(4Pl&Q*jl5NICI@hiBRFUF8ejh
[A+`'&&H8*5U,hhY9iqNNIl3Ii0rJ-RN+90,BI-CN&pE(FY%CDP`P1c,rbDrK[49
MJY)FXbT4Z*PTe*hRheqRBF*H2GZDj0fq%MG3`@Y45*b$C(L3!*RR+EkCfUhB6bB
M5THk3$PHJLb[*RLj4@NE$,recRZTI)0jS0Q#hSSmTdm)UYEiV2p$0R00Y@V1q[6
jUEjGISR@#rppe%jAhm0FF+S1+4N#Nf(bNFdFah[[pmKNVH,B&[bpR'VZm"JL`f$
-hB0k9R-l(H$0AbZfVZaHIUc#PDClCDYHY1&C"F*KDR88[Gfr`CF*5F"f8A2Ljh-
ISX5-k!lHPdE"lfhTN!$KZr%l+4C'j6Jk*kG5bXI2Up1X4+aUr4PB6)qGj(EDG2M
ERAr'R0VdL91AQqfb2@PMYY1Z,'1@pmbDe+Urq1lI`32*Tp@F`)hL*rY$EiceN!#
I9i5)I`!BaTCRq!m244HScBPM&rm8hrQUrX`9NKkq3kVEeAI$@G,CdI,)5+2BJJX
Qq+M45*RL(0-dfdjhLK"p4aM5SDYr`F[Lr!XRPCm"lVr#3AaA80CX$V6XrScl,93
FbU9Q41`iJ13D(%eS2p4LHZL'dImRTr[MBX0RCA2kd[Nb%qA&h%Mh'-0q1HDA+,J
X9iRBK2q0Pjk'bGYE9$V-E,d[VR'PZVAmhQbfHTDrN!"qRIq[#haF%YV'mZ5[I`e
&8@8M$IN,a&jU5!m(Z8q!l`b115q56`ik5ASV$A0m#VJ#h[I%d@rJU5GT@@Vk`Ef
fm*JP5q-H&CRjl,(PmqYmPirpmi8Ie1996mcqiCmN9R-Gh*Y!ZrA!hH$mXVepKrl
KRA&Xm1rL(dK(RiM$BcYY%Jk6lkLG(%IUmVc6qUTH4)a"GSHArqEm9kJ9H&,a0-F
IapqJ&daq'm[4re%Z)CR8b-lE"iI%eZlrE31Y89r[I'$!"3!'4(C[FQ&V)&*PB@3
J6@96b3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!@!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!DfCTE'e[GR)4!+3mG8#Q0cd(!!!*R`!!!!!!!!3K!!!!!-5l!!!!!!!!!!$
Sf-CLih$K[bZL[[bNB!la@,U!"NZJ"I[rHhlS'1ZKCBI,krMmfGTCCfS3-H!0`Zi
8+hm!'()!HC6!V"+c!VFB!-k!+KS-''0DCK%L9Yh`ArJ(aUZqHkFb!r1YED+kic+
a20!$6hZ081$5XXdl20jmZ$'5R#6-XM1eR5C9I`NhM9P@3GPkiG-8r$2'j`JJJDP
%LmMqN!!km4$9UH4Mf1Kaa-Y5mRCJ!fA$k3"03!#"$l'I4'pA!jF2VJhY!rQ`!2!
"9(eAGLp+clV@FIqrBdN%fG,Z[j@QYl[Yr`1&`I6aH(jq*[15m[HlpiD!F(jZC5(
i(I%3iB(&2X-!K3P,C3KkRE*fqS(D[R$%IUL`"`c0"#!1MXhiDR$,)Xih`!df*G$
K`@mQ!BZ0#`IZ%(EY5I12A0cMiIl$e5S(XjR`2e'HUEB&cCLS-E8H-JdBG$(5X'Q
K6LS![Kf[&)5,)k&K",C3bkAqM5AqIFba#rd-c!R,p55#rT6qd[qLIpHMXR0pVkA
XpI9F&rcq2b+f"IKUIJ-B'CMfTrQbVi#eV)!#rhXrGN5+ZR`G#r*A4Dd*G)G)*RU
0G15(3h8il@pPp*dA5Tj*hVRd01MX2T`@0NHXcTeXlCe[3*5i5)Q6EJ%lJ#j"erM
a2q#h4LM!I*-DCfDG[9$L)4KSA!dBlf2cL1a%DNJ-aD13!#L2TaND`m!qRUJde'B
i$3H((2M[*a@2Hpkk&rM-[kIGE98De6,I@(3kAFUEGkhDDJ@Rq*aq1`H,a@0H,YA
lTDkY6Z0ZZ'[YZT`e5T@SS1Hf2r[4Il+6f'Q`Q([qV`Ym#rDl!BrL(c"BX[pM95e
NY1)qDeIeRi[qjI5aIde(q0JS2fDY'%[e@HVM[VSZd$*i,lUAY4LYabIHEPL45re
GAaB+l#B*`1H3!&Alq`h%-'[F6rlfC,rH,rTJM5ZNeA8!0UMf&F9p%H&HfS1Y4G&
(ilXA%eVchpYDh$kL(`@&[VaRJ2E`GRjEb*!!*e%0L2&5cM(DPS2"Gm9%PAJfdcF
rEHipZJEdcZN"MMfk[kqp*cUD[MeE(q%0,dciAqlS%ETTYeq6AbaDXT)KJdE`[fR
H!FF0%,KXjJI-!2-0q!`e"rQ$d4$ZMJm(kJd+LIA)9F"iB2Z-GhMKY!G8SCTj!V3
hPJ!l*,haei[*M*%PEbC(9hqJ8S9&5F8qBePZBL4pi(M1hF3QB!G#DNU9RQk@1`[
J)QfMXjB(h(DJ'aIE5H2Vq"U'05+Zh#a"SiG3T*!!BC0,le"dBYHKr(`ZpLJDdlS
C5Z9!4(aA*K*NK@e0D&AEX9#PpCUbrT(QfXJh)8L9B5Z4JZ&HpfTp+-VG3a,6(L5
PV@P!rR+"cX`(5%J2RJ5LXkZ0c%D*8[-eY1"XYq!(4%$i30)r!MJAMR"G45b"D(+
!Y3N,hc&fcN,*!!!"!!!!!4)!!!!5!!!!-J!!',F06Q&dD@pZ5'PcG'pbH3)!!!"
69%&,9dP-4!%%#N4fEh*KDbjcDA3!!J!!!&0*9%46593K!!!!!!!!!!!!!&0*9%4
6593K!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!TSCT"!!!)-J!!!&%!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!i!!!!BY`KAEh*VFfK[F!!#!!!!8e4"5eG*6%3""!!f!&`!!!!!',m!!!!!Sd!
!!+J!!!!!!*XD!!#J!+8GbQbP(FT`TQkEG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*qU!"8
!!!!!!!!!!*qr!"3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!'!!!!!!i!+`!&!4F"J3!!!!!!!!!!!3!
!!!%5!!!!%J!!!$)"!$a`%pB!!!!F!$)!!&0PG'F!!!!+!!$rr`!!!!!"!$[Jr#`:
XxXxXxX
cat <<'XxXxXxX' >dvorakAliases.sh
if [ "$TERM" = xterm ]
then
alias 111="xmodmap $HOME/.keymap.qwerty; print 'Warning! Obsolete QWERTY keyboard in use!'"
alias 422="xmodmap $HOME/.keymap.dvorak; print 'NIST standard X4.22 Dvorak keyboard in use.'"
fi
XxXxXxX
cat <<'XxXxXxX' >.keymap.dvorak
keycode 47 = bracketleft braceleft
keycode 48 = bracketright braceright
keycode 61 = apostrophe quotedbl
keycode 62 = comma less
keycode 63 = period greater
keycode 64 = P
keycode 65 = Y
keycode 66 = F
keycode 67 = G
keycode 68 = C
keycode 69 = R
keycode 70 = L
keycode 71 = slash question
keycode 72 = equal plus
keycode 84 = A
keycode 85 = O
keycode 86 = E
keycode 87 = U
keycode 88 = I
keycode 89 = D
keycode 90 = H
keycode 91 = T
keycode 92 = N
keycode 93 = S
keycode 94 = minus underscore
keycode 107 = semicolon colon
keycode 108 = Q
keycode 109 = J
keycode 110 = K
keycode 111 = X
keycode 112 = B
keycode 113 = M
keycode 114 = W
keycode 115 = V
keycode 116 = Z
XxXxXxX
cat <<'XxXxXxX' >.keymap.qwerty
keycode 47 = minus underscore
keycode 48 = equal plus
keycode 61 = Q
keycode 62 = W
keycode 63 = E
keycode 64 = R
keycode 65 = T
keycode 66 = Y
keycode 67 = U
keycode 68 = I
keycode 69 = O
keycode 70 = P
keycode 71 = bracketleft braceleft
keycode 72 = bracketright braceright
keycode 84 = A
keycode 85 = S
keycode 86 = D
keycode 87 = F
keycode 88 = G
keycode 89 = H
keycode 90 = J
keycode 91 = K
keycode 92 = L
keycode 93 = semicolon colon
keycode 94 = apostrophe quotedbl
keycode 107 = Z
keycode 108 = X
keycode 109 = C
keycode 110 = V
keycode 111 = B
keycode 112 = N
keycode 113 = M
keycode 114 = comma less
keycode 115 = period greater
keycode 116 = slash question
XxXxXxX
--
: : Jan Steinman stei...@is.morgan.com Bytesmiths : :
: : 2002 Parkside Court West Linn, OR 97068-2767 : :
: : 503/657-7703 212/956-8722 : :
Thomas Insel
> p.s. If I can remove the key tops, will the angles of the top row, mess me
>up when I put them down in the bottom row, and vice versa?
Unfortunately, this will most likely be a problem. One solution would be to
buy an Apple IIgs keyboard, which has keys that aren't molded for their specific
row, and move the keys on it.
--
Thomas Insel (tin...@nyx.cs.du.edu, tin...@uiuc.edu)
Conrad C. Nobili
tin...@nyx.cs.du.edu (Thomas Insel) wrote:
> [...] One solution would be to
> buy an Apple IIgs keyboard, which has keys that aren't molded [...]
I wanted to get one of these when I got my SE/30 3 years ago. The only
way I could get one was as a replacement part for a IIgs at something
like three times the price of the standard Mac keyboard of the time,
which is of course what I ended up getting....
Note that the DataDesk SwitchBoard (gee, I hope I got all the funny caps
right... ;-) ) was originally going to be available with a Dvorak alpha
pad. The fiends never came through with their promises though....
Conrad C. Nobili N1LPM Conrad...@Harvard.EDU Harvard University OIT
Craig Richmond - division
> I have a make SE/30 and I would like to switch to DVORAK, however,
>to do this, I need to change all the keys on my keyboard.... Possible, or
>not possible?
Do yourself a favour. Don't move the keycaps and spend that extra time
learning to touch type properly. The only real advantage I gained from
learning dvorak was that I learnt to touch type on it and it really is a
case of never look back. If you cahnge the keycaps, you won't learn to
touch type and the speed difference will be neglible probably. Besides,
it stops nosy people who don't know what to do from using your computer :-)
Craig
--
Craig Richmond. Computer Officer - Dept of Economics (morning) 380 3860
University of Western Australia Dept of Education (afternoon)
cr...@ecel.uwa.edu.au
"Only users are allowed to make messes on their computers" I.M.VI
John Andrews
>Do yourself a favour. Don't move the keycaps and spend that extra time
>learning to touch type properly. The only real advantage I gained from
>learning dvorak was that I learnt to touch type on it and it really is a
>case of never look back. If you cahnge the keycaps, you won't learn to
>touch type and the speed difference will be neglible probably. Besides,
>it stops nosy people who don't know what to do from using your computer :-)
>Craig
I'm curious, how did you learn to touch-type without moving the keys?
Did you use some sort of typing tutor program? I tried the Dvorak
keyboard for 5 minutes once and was so frustrated that I gave up. I would
like to try it again if I could come up with a reasonable way of learning it.
--
John Andrews (and...@csrd.uiuc.edu) "He who dies with the shortest .sig, wins"
Graduate Research Assistant, Center for Supercomputing R&D, Urbana, IL
Craig Richmond - division
>cr...@ec.uwa.oz.au (Craig Richmond - division) writes:
>>Do yourself a favour. Don't move the keycaps and spend that extra time
>>learning to touch type properly. The only real advantage I gained from
>>learning dvorak was that I learnt to touch type on it and it really is a
>>case of never look back. If you cahnge the keycaps, you won't learn to
>>touch type and the speed difference will be neglible probably. Besides,
>>it stops nosy people who don't know what to do from using your computer :-)
>>Craig
>I'm curious, how did you learn to touch-type without moving the keys?
>Did you use some sort of typing tutor program? I tried the Dvorak
>keyboard for 5 minutes once and was so frustrated that I gave up. I would
>like to try it again if I could come up with a reasonable way of learning it.
Found a document I wasn't in a hurry to type. Got a printout of the DVORAK
keymap and stuck it up next to the monitor and very very slowly learnt the
key positions. If the world were a perfect place, keycaps wouldn't exist
and then we would all be able to touch type (I cannot touch type on qwerty
even though I half heartedly tried to learn a couple of times)
BTW, if you only spent 5 minutes finding using dvorak you either spent less
time working out how to turn it off than most or you must have just reset
the computer :-)
Quinn
division, cr...@ec.uwa.oz.au writes:
>>I'm curious, how did you learn to touch-type without moving the keys?
>>Did you use some sort of typing tutor program? I tried the Dvorak
>>keyboard for 5 minutes once and was so frustrated that I gave up. I
would
>>like to try it again if I could come up with a reasonable way of
learning it.
>
DVORAK
>keymap and stuck it up next to the monitor and very very slowly learnt
the
>key positions. If the world were a perfect place, keycaps wouldn't exist
>and then we would all be able to touch type (I cannot touch type on
qwerty
>even though I half heartedly tried to learn a couple of times)
Craig's advice is good. The only way to learn to touch type is to not
have the right letters on the keys. In professional typing classes they
use typewriters with blank keyboards. Learning Dvorak is even better
that way because if you look down it *actively* confuses you.
Given that you can't look at the keyboard you need to make yourself a
keyboard chart. Try screen grabbing the KeyCaps DA and printing that.
Then all you need to do is find a nice large document that you'd like
in electronic form but that you don't need in a hurry (I used the
Turbo Pascal 3.0 Reference Manual but a more up-to-date suggestion
would be Inside Macintosh VI (-: ), take a week's holiday and spend
a few hours each day of that holiday practicing. Oh and while you're
on holiday *don't* use any QWERTY keyboards or you'll suffer from
terminal confusion [groan].
Oh and if you get frustrated just rreellaaxx. You're on holiday (-:
Quinn "The Eskimo!" <qu...@cs.uwa.edu.au> "Real Coke, Diet .sig"
Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Australia
-- Learning Dvorak is much easier when you're a student.
Stephen James
what you like) but I work on your basic VTxxx terminal at work and
only use my MAC at home. Has anyone out there tried to work in
the dual keyboard environment. Just interested if anyone has tried this
and not ended up in a hospital for the terminally ;{<> insane.
For those that use the DVORAK keyboard... do you find that not only are
you faster but that there is less hand/wrist strain from strange
convolutions of your hands to reach those fun combinations. Or, maybe
faster typing could lead to more handstrain... Or, maybe using the
keyboard might make you actually agree with that guy who writes for
MACUSER...
--
Stephen A. James (519-2511) | "Ok, Ok safety tip, don't cross the
sja...@digi.lonestar.org | streams" Dr. Venkman
DSC Communications Corporation | "Cats and Dogs living together
*** Standard Disclaimer *** | mass hysteria" Dr. Venkman
Brian D Diehm
>what you like) but I work on your basic VTxxx terminal at work and
>only use my MAC at home. Has anyone out there tried to work in
>the dual keyboard environment. Just interested if anyone has tried this
>and not ended up in a hospital for the terminally ;{<> insane.
>
>
>For those that use the DVORAK keyboard... do you find that not only are
>you faster but that there is less hand/wrist strain from strange
>convolutions of your hands to reach those fun combinations. Or, maybe
>faster typing could lead to more handstrain... Or, maybe using the
>keyboard might make you actually agree with that guy who writes for
>MACUSER...
About 10 years ago, I reprogrammed my Tektronix 4025 terminal keyboard to
Dvorak layout, just as an experiment. I did NOT choose to put keycap labels
on the keys, so my visual clues were non-existent; I kept a cheat sheet beside
the terminal for the first week but then didn't need it after that.
I gave it four weeks to see if my productivity went up. Now I haven't tested
my typing speed, but I'm a pretty fair typist at what I estimate to be about
40 wpm when I'm wailing. I'll never be a super-secretary, but I do OK.
The upshot of the test? After four weeks of using NOTHING BUT the Dvorak
keyboard, my speed was less then 10 wpm, and I was still having to stop and
think about where the keys were. My speed was less than 10 wpm.
I gave it up. At the end of that time, I found the real barrier was that I
still had to THINK about every keystroke; with a regular keyboard I don't
have to think about typing, I just do it. The overhead simply got too annoying,
though I could claim to be able to touch-type Dvorak.
Interestingly enough, when I went back to the regular keyboard I had NO trouble
with the change. And within two weeks I found I had completely forgotten the
Dvorak layout.
The above is the factual part; the conclusions below are my opinion.
My conclusion was that Dvorak may be more efficient for typing experts who
are working in the realm of speed production; if you're into typing competition
or regularly keep your skill up to 80 wpm then this is of concern to you. If
you are typing only as a means to achieve something else, then any putative
increase in typing efficiency is such a small second-order effect as to be
irrelevant. Finally, the gains require that you learn Dvorak from the first,
or at least spend as much time gaining efficiency as you took to learn the
regular keyboard.
If you take two people who are just learning keyboard and have one learn each
system, when they are done the Dvorak user might well be a little more
efficient, but it's probably pretty minor. If either one is in an environment
with a greater accent on typing efficiency, s/he will outshine the other one
regardless of which keyboard they're using.
Finally, as to the societal implications of Dvorak? Well, if the effect is as
second-order as my experience led me to believe, then this is a big "so what".
Partisan supporters of an untried system may give us grandiose claims, but
I don't think the impact of changing the world to this keyboard layout will
even begin to be paid back by the small increase in efficiency.
Society would be MUCH better off investing research and training in
technologies that obsolete the keyboard entirely; after all, keying is
inefficient (but ironically more efficient than voice input for lengthy
passages).
The bottom line? Dvorak layout might have meant something to society back in
the 1920s when key entry first became a major thing. Now, it's day is past and
the whole thing is irrelevant. Of couse, back then Dvorak couldn't be imple-
mented for technological reasons!
-Brian
--
Brian Diehm Interleaf Site License Program Manager
Tektronix, Inc. (503) 627-3437 bri...@tekig5.PEN.TEK.COM
P.O. Box 500, M/S 19-286
Beaverton, OR 97077
Jan Steinman
D Diehm) writes:
About 10 years ago, I reprogrammed my Tektronix 4025 terminal
keyboard to Dvorak layout, just as an experiment... I gave it four
weeks to see if my productivity went up... After four weeks of
using NOTHING BUT the Dvorak keyboard, my speed was less then 10
wpm, and I was still having to stop and think about where the keys
were... I found the real barrier was that I still had to THINK
about every keystroke; with a regular keyboard I don't have to
think about typing, I just do it. The overhead simply got too
annoying, though I could claim to be able to touch-type Dvorak.
Hi, Brian. I'm sorry you had such a poor experience with Dvorak, but
your conclusions are unfounded. For one, if you were thinking about
typing, you were *not* yet touch typing. The same thing happens with
Morse code: it is nearly impossible to break the 10 wpm barrier (no
coincidence, that 10 wpm mark) until you begin to "hear" the code,
rather than "translate" the code. Maybe you would have improved had
you given it more time, maybe not.
...If you are typing only as a means to achieve something else,
then any putative increase in typing efficiency is such a small
second-order effect as to be irrelevant.
I agree. For most computer types, the Dvorak benefit is physical,
rather than temporal. CTS, RMS, and just plain fatigue diminish with
Dvorak. This is why *I* use it.
...Finally, the gains require that you learn Dvorak from the first,
or at least spend as much time gaining efficiency as you took to
learn the regular keyboard.
That is highly individual. I broke even after two weeks, and am
somewhat faster now, although as I pointed out, the speed is not what
drives me. Retraining has been proven practical in studies, although
learning "cold turkey" is generally quicker and easier. The average
break-even time is 52 hours for retraining. (1)
...If you take two people who are just learning keyboard and have
one learn each system, when they are done the Dvorak user might
well be a little more efficient, but it's probably pretty minor.
Only if you call 244% minor! In the Navy study, accuracy increased an
average of 68%, and speed increased 74%. The best of the group was
244%, but I'm willing to toss the outlyers, and stick with 74%. They
also sent two groups to (1)
If either one is in an environment with a greater accent on typing
efficiency, s/he will outshine the other one regardless of which
keyboard they're using.
This is probably true. In one controversial 1956 study, QWERTY typists
outperformed Dvorak typists by 5%, although their error rate
*increased* 12%, while the Dvorak group's error rate *decreased* 54%.
This study is strongly disputed; the comparison was based on 10 minute
samples for Dvorak vs 5 minute samples for QWERTY and the researcher
destroyed his original data after publication. The researcher had also
expressed a bias toward QWERTY previous to the study. (2)
...Partisan supporters of an untried system may give us grandiose
claims, but I don't think the impact of changing the world to this
keyboard layout will even begin to be paid back by the small
increase in efficiency.
The system is "untried" and the claims "grandiose" to you, Brian, only
because you are not familiar with the literature. The research I did
for Tek Labs (I think it was CRL-1988-22 if you want to look it up,
but I'm not sure) showed the opposite.
Society would be MUCH better off investing research and training in
technologies that obsolete the keyboard entirely...
(1) "A Practical Experiment in Simplified Keyboard Retraining", US
Navy, 1944.
(2) "The Dvorak Keyboard", RC Cassingham, 1986.
Quinn
sja...@digi.lonestar.org writes:
>I like the idea of DVORAK keyboard, (oh yea steve like anyone cares
>what you like) but I work on your basic VTxxx terminal at work and
>only use my MAC at home. Has anyone out there tried to work in
>the dual keyboard environment. Just interested if anyone has tried this
>and not ended up in a hospital for the terminally ;{<> insane.
The short answer to this is "no". [The long, and possibly more
accurate, answer is "not in my experience"] A friend of mine
actually managed to learn to touch type on both for a while but
he eventually gave it up as a bad idea (and switched back to
QWERTY (horror)).
However I found a really good solution to having to use a terminal.
I bought a PB100 (it's called RubberDucky if anyone's interested (-: )
and carry it around everywhere I go. I also bought one of those
Mac to DB25 cables and carry that around too. So whenever I need to
type on a terminal (for extended periods) I just unplug it, plug
in my PowerBook and go go gadget Dvorak. (-:
Quinn "The Eskimo!" <qu...@cs.uwa.edu.au> "Real Coke, Diet .sig"
Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Australia
-- PB100 owner and proud of it!
John Andrews
keyboard. The output is included below. It uses a progression similiar to
what I remember from high-school typing, and is probably easier to deal with
than learning everything at once. I use a combination of doing real work plus
these exercises to try to learn Dvorak. Source code (in ANSI C, no comments,
not ported to mac) available via email on request.
==============================================================================
Left Home Row Exercises: aoeu
auauo aeuoe oaeue auaea eoeuo eueau euaou aeaeu eoeoe auoua oaeoe uaeau ouauo
eouea uauao eauau oauoe aoaue ouaua eaoeo uaeuo uauou eaeou euoeu aueao uoaeu
oaoeu ouoea uoueo eaueo aeoeo uoeau euoao aoaoe oaeoa oaeue auaoe oaoae ueueu
ouauo ueuae oeaeu euoue aoaoe ouaeu aoueu aeuao ueaou aeuau aeuea eaueo eueoa
uoeae uauoe oaeou ouoau euoao eueou eueou auaeu aoaou ououa eauea oaouo aueue
uauau eueae auoua oeuae uauau eouea oueoe ououe aoueo ueoae oaoua eaeue aouea
oeoeu oeaeo eueae oueoe ueuao uouea oauae aueue uoeao aueae aouoe aeaeu oueua
uouoa eoeue ouoae aoeau oeuao euoae oueue auoeo uouau aeueo uauoa oaoeo eaeue
oueou eaeuo eueau euoeu aoueu aeoae oeuou eoeoa ueuoa ouaoa uaoeo ueaeo eaoua
oueou oaoao eoaou oeaeo uaouo uoeae aoaea oeueu oueao uoaoe ueuau aoeuo aueau
Right Home Row Exercises: htns
tsthn snhts ntsnh tshst stnst nhnhs nsnsh tsthn htsht htnsn stnth tshsn htshs
nhtht nthsn tshts tsnst shtst nthsh tstht hstnh nhnht shsth snhsh nshns tstht
hnthn sntns hshts nhnsh tstht hnhts thsnh ntnth nsnts thnst nsthn tnhts tntnt
stsnh ththn tstst hsnth tsnsn tstsn tnhns thnhn sthnh tnhns tnhts nhnsh snshs
nsnsn hsnth snsht shnsn hnsnh nshts nhtnt sthsn sthnh nhnth shths hsnst shsnt
nsntn snthn shnht sntht stsnh shtsh shnst ntshs nhthn tsnhn sntns ntnts ththn
thnht stsht sntns thnhn stntn tnhts nsthn snsht nsnhn thnst stsht hshnh nshst
nhthn stshs nthnh stnsn shsnt nhnsn tshns nhsns htsth nsntn ththn ththt snhsh
stsnh stnsh shnsh shsns nhtnh tnhts nshsh nsnst snsts hnhnt htnsn snsht shnsh
tshsh thshn hnhts ntnht sthst hthns tstsh thsnt hnshs hnhst hsnts tstst shnhn
Home Row Exercises: aoeu htns
shnoh tsush tasun teste utsoh tuhne ouono huhae tuoeo utunh notat ensah thnes
thtso uotso hshet ntaea stane ustou tatns nesas ontao uhnte nenhn otaeh tshos
osaun otaeu nauae nteho hunsn seauh nests onoua shtea shnos uatse suaot eanso
tuahs ahusa oanue uetuh ehsuo aenae tetno hants tshte anoes tontn htans nouhe
suhah asoao nsosu htana stoht susns hetne tneas hnoua osnuo ansua sotna teaet
asthu nouou tsutu ehoao aeoha utshu etaes tsaen tuoso ehose aeouh onusu onuon
utsua unsat uhane haote noheh antso uheso uhsth stoeo uhnsh asust uthsa saunt
susnt auset utsos ohnah eseou heheu naheo uoana taeon enuts ohtsu etnou ostna
ueuat heueo huone uetns atheu stsuh aheuh anheu nhtus tshua ousao soeuo nhnut
nensn tsont osusa tnsua hauhu hntht otaeo suson eosou suota ohash uosts uaoeh
nosan ouaun hsuou hnaea etheh taona nhutn teaeo susnt suoat hunoa ohuhe osean
tasoa ontnu oeaou onsha uaona entho nasun thnsh ehnua haoah easnt suhta onenu
htnte nuaos tshoa htsta uoeso uouou hosta tanah thuah soato hetns atsah aeuhs
neueo setsh sanoh enanh esaha uteno sashn hsueh nhstn tetne noheh tasto anusu
asthn tohth onoet nhena nuteh uhaht auhnt natae nstao huheo sthnt shoeo thahn
ustah tusha tuhat soats oshoe onuah aueah enoth uanan houoe taten sneot saeot
utnto uetah ouhnt easue tenth sonea uhuea uatne atane anaot usats uoeao hnhta
nhuth ataet hasah easue tnsth euesh nsahe toeao nuano aoeta tnahu sntat uhteh
aheon atsoe usase hnaue unenu sehnh ehash nhano auhah oaeae oseon otsen sthue
ouant usonu taena oshus hehou hashu tauah eoane snest eaeot htoes ehosa stehn
Home Row Center Exercises: aoeu htns id
seaud tninu tnsod ihdai tonin ououa uaiuo uihut iheao iaeoh nodea neotn sahad
suoai htaeo nhnen dndid hnous nuest hesea soeta unioe ndeta utaet deatn ououn
dstio dahns nusns hondi onunt sitht heuit nauta hsaes netst snhuo dtnas houdt
otuht iaeas uohot hsodt enhut daehs tinth ueuhn eousi eaint duoso tdine tutio
sdhed uhoti tisah oedud iohnh seuio tdahi adedo daein oentu hstsn untin dthde
nhidi nuaeh tdiui edsde dahud ouaot hnieh noiei aoedu etund iutds eiuih ihusn
odoue iutnt ntson iuhua hsies oshst noiue dudna santi asuds tadsi nheha ditot
nohta dunai eauau sauti andhs odhao dsuds oshna suisi usnos osdhn tishd onuet
auinh ahuse ieisi uoith sadho itdhs tidtn onseu duede oaesu tauih iohai snsni
aieai ahnou enhoa totds adhdi tseio ieahn etsti aisdu hunda ohohs ouota tidsa
Left Upper Exercises: aoeu htns ',.p"<>
e".s> <aont eus.> 's.ou pu.tp >h'so eu,ae anha> ae,'> <a,>< .tnhn oheu' p'"oh
on>a" >oa.p sa<'o "pht, sn.>, >thsn oa<oa n'eht u<an" '"',e >,han hth,< tnpn>
an<.a h",p, "et'" <apa' .ste> n"pu> "osue a'o"p nestn <sne, pu,<' n>hs, a">no
usha" opns" esneo ns.ua snh,< '.,u' a"e,h u"h't ,"npn <phoe thasu hapta e'o.'
.s"," ou,>< ,ant. 'a,pt e.ntn o'h>n ontp, '<tu< na<t< 'es.u h.,o" '<'e, h'<h>
ea>ho ht,h, hah<o pa>', n.'ns "'<>e t,eh" t.h<e h,"ae spht, th.<o <n<a> ha>ou
"p>a< .tese teuao hatna n"ast nupuo eh'." oa"on >u>sp u"e<p t"nu< n"tht nouan
hup<a s<t<. s"spa "ah,' haosa euo>' >,ast <sptn pst,> h<n>n s<.s> sh>ta ean'h
sos>" ,haeh <>'nu "'o>e s>a"n hta.< e,eoe utpnu e",>" tpa's 'usn< eh,o" oa'eh
<onat >neua oatn' "'p>, oeoae t"t>u >sose ten<o upstp t"hp' .pe,< >,n<' ep.es
'o,os a>hou 'up"n a,.us >e'h, uan'n o'>a> us.os ponu' pu<", ",.e< ant"o hae>n
ao>a. p,p"u o.'o, tehas tho.< p">ae uon't sno,e >e,'> ,o<pa npe,o u<e'> n.t<'
npop< '">n, t,po" .a<pe no"pe a<u>p .e,o, p.u,u h"e<o a'hau ,u',. t.etu s>'a<
hteh' tnou, hoaho pn<o> ts"ah etsos ,'",o a.onu <,>"o >ea'u teosa u>'o. >sp,'
hehto sno,o a>s." hp'.s >'ste ,pah' th'o< t<>na otshu na>ua n.tuo a.ht> ,pahs
'ote. p,'uh .u.an o,'.t 'punp ,st'n o>nua "'t." hst.t "tua< ou<h> oh"nt sn">"
><"t. sn,t< ,."os o'epo "nh<" .pe"h ,u>ht <>"pt ,p<en p's>. toha. ntao" eup"t
u,ohs >heoa ,.p'> <aonh su.et ,nhoa h"sut ,sat> pauao e'ao" <,<au t"a.s oh.es
e.t,e su,un authu ps>oa eas>n en',p tn">u "th"p esptu pnap> ns'>n suhst .aou'
,eus, o><a> ou'sa ",she shten se",s hs>an '.san "ou<' ae,sa hono" opeu, a'o"n
Middle Upper Exercises: aoeu htns yf
tyusn eaote tstay sestn eyfto ftnsy hytey stuht syten oeyua shano fynte henha
oeoau sehfh tatef ayoue styto thfna tsnut haout ofsts tutyo nsteh tufya uhoth
tatyh neaya euhoa heuye hetnh stfty heuyt nyufn sosna tfuhe funhn tofny huyte
yhato ftefu fysao shfey eoeas atsht neoae saohe ufnyo yotho yusay fohne fysna
syaho tynfa htoen tense ufsfe yonfo aotof ohenu aynya nefyu oanhu yunoe netnu
eyent fotno eufeh onaut oyfot oyfon fsyfh yuout efsea funfy tsaha yohef etshn
usfua fueyu enynt euhsu ftney hayen eohtf uahyt nenof nhfhf ofyeu eoyes thnfs
utsut eouau systu ynhat etsou etnoy eansa ueanf ueohu anatn hetsu nyeft yehan
uesto aheto hnhfe tuney theoy ntnue tafeh ausah eyone aohsu oseyu eauhu eunfs
atney afueh ushfe neafs efsoe asofu nsuan eauoa eoyhy fahuy hsety osouy ahaen
Right Upper Exercises: aoeu htns gcrl
cuaur lugrh lechc snlgr csoae utgsh glcru eclhe reurg nohcs esons otrea lsuae
chosu ctucr nrnst ecoau nacug htcoc etlhl sgcng lstou gogsu lrtoh arheu rluec
oegal steon ghtgs ueutg csrae grlhn geura ratsr usgso hngua talrs elnls hurgc
aceae cnuas glcas nsrnu octos hgrhg coeoh chtha rohts rsaun grots hnhgt ceacg
lutar gctsr uoelr gtnho alhso hohoa loerg ucoan uoauo geahe hretn oguto snsgs
gatnu rhrns elcrh lnurh tlnsu cntao hsnch shlcl eneag haera rcleu chcln ocuho
lsgag otsnl ngnas elsae nhtco ursrg olucr onlrt sostn eaoel ugnlc gcosu tcgea
shosn rohtn rchth unolt gthcr cgtsn hunos gonto ugonu srcan cgcgl sracg agrhg
ntgre stnou tosul rhcur hshsn ltcea earor oloho ruacg nhstn chsua srler nroue
lsrcn csuhs tsnru ancus notun hgcra tatge rglcn tcanr tetog soerl gcrea etcto
crlug lneot gshus ohnal otlgo shguo cgtcn lrlgr oguho elotc ngegr lcgte cuhul
ahelc togtr atouo ehtar gelsn gctec tsron tsoro hshan ganga sluer hsnuc reglo
gugnl glulu tcnul rouag eohel ehcgl guots uclgh nagno hnerc tohon elrhg ocrue
orses tgnua hrger sural sghrl noutu olgur grter tlegl entge rgule lnrtg sgtoa
tcalr nuaog nhuhe ugaou rsnua rhrac geogl enhec norlr ecsgr aerge snagc totrh
Upper Exercises: aoeu htns ',.p"<> yf gcrl
afu"f uegfn uct,g haole yscec uhnsc g's,p ce,ny h<>pn fgyag <hufh fcfge afsae
rtyo> nhosu cug,t "repa ,sput y<ofy olanp y'g>u su,tg >tr.h geufl yfocf .glpa
'e.,e ul>nh >tcny .<geh eanrt loapy cyets "n<et ca.al <tect erhs, unogt flu's
t,atl '>lnr eh"g, gnepr nfnfn ps<pc <hn'e ponat lgrur ,gfut ec<ng uy"cr no.sp
fchgh ge'r, ufa<' t'>eo '<yrf ln",h nsg>. geshl rtl'o usyeo tsnc< usfoa ygetf
g.fys ng<ng etefe s<thf gsu"y lough uchca oeu'e hsty' >o.>r ypery huoh> .yene
halhl truce saf<h csno. fu>s" rftst nehu< "'>g. rertr atonu slfou gh.'f <'utp
shyl> ya<,c o,u"s <ogou gerfe aet'g egfso ys,pr agyt. ncra, tnar> ncfyg tc"ef
gcls' "thts 'tyrl <t<tf t<fga ueugs a.,u> ft'ot puoft yhfsl rycac pragc nfc.t
auhto r>sol ,.rcg sroa, coayo syn,r o,e.c <ulgo g.,"r cgrsg .fehr s>oel stocu
notu> h'uht unogc y'"gt ahlte ol"ol "gueo ynsot c<ht. hacg" hncoy c,y'n egenr
sou't h,tuc <nsap rgfar nfl<h <'sro uau.r gegpl .yhay >ncnp e.nsa rnlgr tpore
aetst cluy' "pnoy acgfn o,tsl p>eua u'ora etro' h>e," nhpne 'stn' fogcn uolch
uo"'t ath.> rluya oc.o. "sror ntpo, n,a', hfuar cyctu 'aety lgsgs 'chyo ht<yl
uguo< tn'et fc"ps tc>us "sc,g lptuo sfl,y fagto ,afsp s'yo< yf"gn elofg .ogcr
to,sr npous ea'pu gnhul sefhe "aoa. >aogo grcfl "sru< tys,l >o<cf onteu nuelf
.fyng h<>ut fl'ng t,c.r .'hof efyns guntu lglhr nloys u.nah te.re thn,g lchen
"esah r,lce hy'sf tnehl usaf> fon<t <>n>r 'hcns ,r,ar .hnl< ,lsn< hor'c .l,nu
sopae clpc< aey'u noyey "geha gsgto eouyt harsg ounru gfhut csu'e t"fn, yghes
uy.ne rnulu oaosf hpcae choca ys"s' gt'rs hnegn s>sgu oe'se tahuc fh.no eney,
Left Lower Exercises: aoeu htns ;qjk:
souko q:h;s toteq nj;:u :qesh eneu: stqau ;ut;a okuos akeoh eos;h j:k;t :ueok
e;qas qnqks ne;ho hs;eq konao ;huau nq:ke sesoj k;:ao je;nk an:ht hqne; khoe:
hus:o eh:so sehsu kn:ta eqoje thakh etjk; ehenu qeunj o;ksh jqhaq ehoeu ouhs;
uhaha t:hnj s:jqs n:aon ;tu:n qnq;a :o;ns aets; a:nks aej;s ;onoj nuos; u;tuj
te;te stjho eqhen ue;jh u:nuj uqnjs oajua k;tku tjtqa tojuh ;as:j ek:ka :satu
nuk:t eau;h oeh:n qnonu otne: unqn; j:;hu naoso qo;tn tousj quhua utos: tnhth
n:ans us;as :qoso :eqta keqea qhesn tu;ut jk:ua noeun osn:t o;jqs unens eush;
hoh;a jhuk: s:qjh sns;k uskns tj;ja e:;kj aujn; utjus qjnao ahknk hshnu soeoh
khqkj qonek seh;e kj:ua esnhs enjho ;ehs: qhujq s;ths hjteu jushu jtsa; kheqt
kajsn qak:e jkeu: hojto thout h;:k: etj;: s;asa ;jkno u;esk uj:nj eotej nqsuk
staqh khu:a hsjts :aonh at;au :nas: aen:; eojus ktnht etaua thkoh anh;s :uo;u
soh;u en;ja tsnak uh:qk sueot au;j; tah;: ;snsj asoue jqnha jeajk ;:no: ;tsnq
aehta saton :tnjs h;suj q;kou kjthe ;usou hnsj: e:qa; h:aeu hteqe aquno hnenu
kutne tenhs jsnkj toj;o khs:j k;qke oa;ke :tua; tjnqu oahaj khjas ah:ju ons;n
:kn;h sh;hk sotan qtaue tht;u se:eu o;aqj qtsuq nunjk hqnqo kqoan :h;ns o;ehk
Middle Lower Exercises: aoeu htns xb
anxts tonat uxbhe xnebn eonsn osntx uxsah nhxna osast ehaxo uxben bxhah suxtx
uesoh xtoeh sxbho tsata thaex enbeo hthsa uoxuh tbxoe staoe ouxta sntnb esuxa
xsoet xobxu ohexb ebses baxsa bsnta thetn tsant oebto tobxe ashst nuasn uouat
oanxo tuesu xaohs hxbau onots estxu extun abxhe bteba ontea xbtbu batus teaea
xesnb atabe neonb seshn tasth etxno taues aoeue xohbt unatu xhosh aouth xenob
hauob hexbo nunux hnxbs nbhbs xhous nohob ueoso xtexn uouto txnux otonb hnbxa
stoxu naxex huxbo beout bueas uxuxu aheab shaxu hnhne stuno aesus txnbo shaeh
etuex othxb exhou thboe ntesu tonbn xsuna obash usthx eatbx asxet aneba ntnto
tbebx nsetx onaxn xuaho sastx nxahs xaout onuae xouae oetat sueux huotn xeoht
xuxbs oxont eousx uhxno tsxns aobea soueu ebonu xeoes hsbte oathu bansa boxae
Right Lower Exercises: aoeu htns mwvz
thmuz mwuhv ehuas hwauh atuan mzaev zmava whnus muhtv uvumh uwtes tmtus tnovh
nawtm hmszt avsuv hwtsw asaha noeoh ausam savow huhsh wanvn zsotm weuzt wzhmw
hzeuw mevet mtomw eosmu mnvoz neasn seosn mtwzv huwoe hevmo smoze osvsn svwot
momat hvaeu etasu oaouz azmhu wunsv awuam vuzne naems oasew nonet vevhz smvte
wsewo auzen wvwme nvoam hamtm ushoe aosoz ntueo awava htowv mhvme omewt wzvez
vnvua uohto weusv zhusu vtvzu tvanw uetum nwtmz ohnua nsatw hwtwn uouat auowv
wvwev utonz mstau shnmu wawto uszua vovom enwzw utowv zvwoz vnthz oahtw ezumt
hoths homse zmose avtzh esvnt zmvmz wemoe ashoz neuht svnwm aeten osazm ntzsn
hetsv osemn auszm hozwz eweue wauom natez hvnuw zaohs zoazv mvwua vaztw umveu
zenwa mnsam zvmts mnzto nmtho mhonm nanev mevsm nantz tnesa wmvth eoumt swtet
ouewa wvtue oswao waumv suotu eohva heumh zueot uwvum otous ohnvo ausnw zmuwm
uvmnv zwvzs ezvae mvnmz wzvse wehwv ouhwv euhtn mznhe tmntw amwth venhz wonaz
hoavt wzonh athea nuwvo vsnuo enahz otomv uszsn azmot mnzhw ounmt vnsau shohv
aesan msuth aonhs nvowt wteue owotu mhtht hzsoa mhnen hmenh taewu saeha zuwta
totom eohat eauhv hahnu oehzh evzav asatw zouws wmset seuzu wvwnh muwhn waume
Lower Exercises: aoeu htns ;qjk: xb mwvz
shube mn:zs tvsqv ojtmq xetmo z:nue juzou qnzuw ubhjx zu;sz o;uza wvokw zuzmb
uea;u axjvh qestb ukz;z evuna jmv;q wo:u; kzjkn meana u;hev jeuen tqutj nh:es
htjns eumq; memon mojum btubv mutev uqoxe ujnht qseso bwmau qsanv hemez stohn
zxazq za:m: ;zo:h osoxs ameuk bsaxs bm:tu omhxe vs;sm sbsjo jhm:b ;umow nekez
vob:k eaoqa wmuxv :esx: bzeax no:jh nzhxo uzbko xzvxa jxa:s o;tzu hxjvx oxqse
ujetj a:hqw ;qh:v h;nko asueu ezskm xwuxa omaoq vonov ku:nw zbume htnom ewtua
huamh vaexv ;tnw; kexvh xzh;j ;:sqh svkwt xbabo usbxa jehe: w:tjk s;xsh tkawj
nbha: bwenk ;oqnb aszmv kvtuw exehk w:kjh v;:ws ajha: onzxv bqjbn wvm;t wqou;
qxquz sqmtq m:kmw n:wah evuxo xtzua oknoq kwhsn akjkn woazt jzhb; akxsa tb;a;
uze:m bhbwk mbu;v aezvm eaubj whtqn a:bex uhxw: baonb szbkt o:nu: vuwka habam
;hvmj oas;: amnwb tkjt; vszwo a;hwn uejhz ujtwm xa;:b ontav qwznb xvbhe jmzuk
eunsa :nquh :jwsa qkhsx wtz;z tzbhj tzawv bahau oshkh nqntw vhbux zmxow ;at:x
eks;e zkumn ojmnb ujxsx waoqx vtawm os:wn xbsax sqobt qbosn kbane wezvb ujqaz
v:sqn vsh;z enbvk h;avt vtxnw oambm bu;st nx;v; zuzsm suevh zvezo zswxe qkeae
hwkua xebzj aow;z tmkbs mhmzw hjnbk bvesx a:o;z ena:w but:h tsesx bm;hw notzt
ejsek w:;mu ntum; sbhxe zkoxa v;taj wh;:v buzam bawem ashxj zsjeb umh;o tkhmt
qhu;q vujm; :hbnv owshu hnmus ubeta o;uaj atea: snobt js:no wbuvk ;:jtu babm;
jqnos zwxaq waswo nm;:w bvmkt vqnja ue:o; veaen uaome avseq ehnbk zmeht vhstk
:qham zujzm ewmh: mx;be z;mko me;bt xjxjv ukovu o:tbj mvnat uahbu ;hekh thexm
:zwvz juxtb ;ut;j ohosw xzeve jk:ae xmunw vbsqk mez:e kbzqj onhz: uhxeb tos:o
Punctuation 1 Exercises: aoeu htns -/]_?[
os[?_ ha[]h s]ho/ eaue/ hno_e hae-[ an]/a hsh?a ntsth asnas ]?o?t o?]th nonus
nehet eu_nh uhs/t [-neu oas]a euhah oeons hns[h ?a?uo tnsot oh/[o uo[a] oh]un
heane toh[n oas]- oe]ot h/euo euhot _t_n- h?hut hsnoa usoho sa]es /nua_ aeaos
uas_e aheao _as[s ?_suh uonu? uo-u[ snotu h?tuo tu-?e naehs nsatn ehn?e at[n[
e/?to /eoa? touot esaoh nhuan uhao[ aosht uetho -oet_ atase noaho e-ehu e_ou_
usaha sunsn oenus n-nus htu/a ?nuhe uo[os hea/u t?e]a oaest e-s]/ nuoet [_/[?
ote/? [h[st ea-ns oua?u hts?- /uaun ut_ou -se]t euts[ atu[h ns[h? _e[n_ uo/eu
he-a[ /s_un o_oes n/e?t s]s_a euesa sta[n ahsot netao uo-en /_aen oata_ -hnuh
o/u?t eueu_ hnu-u ntnuh nutna n?s[] nh/ho ues_s /s-s_ euhao neahe ahetu e/o]u
saho? hnt_? an_st hneas ostn] _uhos hu?]h _oh?a suen- ntost sno[u ts]sh ntsts
Punctuation 2 Exercises: aoeu htns |=}\+{
\hsau oue\+ oeuha =nhnu teoah {sh|u sat{| sua{o \ehs{ =|oto uet}s =s|e{ so\ts
hs=un aheht +neun ost\t n=no} t\nto stht+ naon\ ={+t{ n}non |uheu ou|es onauo
sts{o {hues o\a|} t}uto esanu |+noe t{\no ehne{ tnsas to}=e heh=u os}u| uona=
nosne toate ts|se ueunh +hs=e us+ut s|toe s=set sont{ o|tna uetat h|sua +oa\a
nue+\ +tsa| hoteo e|uht es=os =u\ao eh{s\ u\eh{ +t\h{ t\oho nehn{ t}n}a sauts
+n{u{ te+e{ heue= ohuon senua +sn+e }etes o+tst sht\e aunts na{to usohe osust
neh{t sue=a netun sa=os utns| hatue t\h|n auo\e +=uah thnos {o|sh nt+au ene{s
\esou eut\a osah| etaet nenot hua|t hsha} =uta| a}usa nahea hatot nahna t{hau
tunon htsto sn+he ataua nsa+s h|htu nu=h{ esn}t us|et uehnu nuhat asenu ta\}o
eanoa nuets heh+t ehet| a}nh} eha\h uenet stot} sonsn tn=oe tahth seusa seoan
Max Pinton
: Has anyone out there tried to work in
: the dual keyboard environment. Just interested if anyone has tried this
: and not ended up in a hospital for the terminally ;{<> insane.
From what I've heard, some people are much more "modal" than
others--they can switch easily between the two, even during leaning. I am
not one of them. While I was learning Dvorak, there was a point
when I could type maybe ten words a minute on both Dvorak and QWERTY; I had
pretty much lost the QWERTY but hadn't gotten Dvorak down yet. After a few
months, now I'm starting to get the QWERTY back, but I'm not up to what I
was before.
It was not too fun there for a while though ...
Jan Steinman
I wrote a program to generate random patterns to help me learn the
Dvorak keyboard.
This is probably not the best way to learn the Dvorak keyboard. Dvorak
based his design on frequency of repetition in the English language of
"digraphs", two-character sequences. Since most common digraphs are
vowel-consonant or consonant-vowel, Dvorak placed all the vowels on
one hand in order to optimize the use of right-left or left right
sequences. In addition, he used relative digraph-to-digraph
frequencies to implement "on-board-flow", where typical english-word
keystrokes progress from the little fingers to the index fingers.
I use a combination of doing real work plus these exercises to try
to learn Dvorak.
I'd ditch the exercises while learing, and you'll learn much faster.
Just start typing from a newspaper -- the limited vocabulary will his
your basic words extra hard. As in the Morse code, you need to have
"muscle memory" for entire words, or you will never get very fast.
The patterns may be useful for developing strength and coordination,
but probably only after you can already touch-type Dvorak.
Quinn
does get back to the Mac eventually (-:
Brian D Diehm relates his bad experience with Dvorak and complains...
>My conclusion was that Dvorak may be more efficient for typing experts
who
>are working in the realm of speed production; if you're into typing
competition
>or regularly keep your skill up to 80 wpm then this is of concern to
you. If
>you are typing only as a means to achieve something else, then any
putative
>increase in typing efficiency is such a small second-order effect as to
be
>irrelevant. Finally, the gains require that you learn Dvorak from the
first,
>or at least spend as much time gaining efficiency as you took to learn
the
>regular keyboard.
I think Brian's problem with Dvorak is more centred around the fact that
he was obviously a good typist before he started to learn than the
problems
inherent in learning. When I learnt Dvorak I could type pretty well
*but* I
just wasn't a touch typist. I didn't have that 100% percent instinctive
knowledge of where the keys were.
Of the three people I know who learnt Dvorak (me, and two friends) only
the
person who was a good typist beforehand switched back to QWERTY because of
terminal confusion in trying to maintain both skills.
I don't think people should learn Dvorak unless they're unhappy with their
typing ability. If you can touch type already the benefits will only be
minor. If you're a two fingered typist then learn to touch type. And if
you're learning to touch type you should learn Dvorak.
>If you take two people who are just learning keyboard and have one learn
each
>system, when they are done the Dvorak user might well be a little more
>efficient, but it's probably pretty minor.
Yes but if you take two people, teach one Dvorak (where they will never be
able to look at the key caps) and teach one QWERTY (where there will
always
be an incentive to look down) I'll lay a net.bet on which one will become
the better typist.
>Partisan supporters of an untried system may give us grandiose claims,
but
>I don't think the impact of changing the world to this keyboard layout
will
>even begin to be paid back by the small increase in efficiency.
Dvorak typist tend to be as rabid as Mac users. Read the above paragraph
and substitute the concept "GUI" for "Dvorak". Sounds like 1984 huh?
Quinn "The Eskimo!" <qu...@cs.uwa.edu.au> "Real Coke, Diet .sig"
Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Australia
-- Average typing speed approx. 50 wpm
-- Smilie supplement for the flexibility impaired (-: (-: (-:
BRANDAUER CARL M
the mechanical devices available at the time Dvorak did his original
work, the human factors literature abounds with papers that show that
there is no difference in performance for highly trained people using
more modern equipment.
Of course none of this matters to those who hold their version of the
truth to be self-evident and sacred.
Jan Steinman
...the human factors literature abounds with papers that show that
there is no difference in performance for highly trained people using
more modern equipment.
Of course none of this matters to those who hold their version of the
truth to be self-evident and sacred.
Including the poster, it seems, since he did not see fit to include
references! Please list them for us?
(When you do, I'll be back with rebuttals, but I'm not going to waste
keystrokes -- even if each one costs me 1/18 the effort -- arguing
with someone with their own sacred version of the truth.!)
John Andrews
>>In article <1992Jul19.0...@csrd.uiuc.edu> and...@sp2.csrd.uiuc.edu (John Andrews) writes:
>> I wrote a program to generate random patterns to help me learn the
>> Dvorak keyboard.
>This is probably not the best way to learn the Dvorak keyboard. Dvorak
>based his design on frequency of repetition in the English language of
>"digraphs", two-character sequences. Since most common digraphs are
>vowel-consonant or consonant-vowel, Dvorak placed all the vowels on
>one hand in order to optimize the use of right-left or left right
>sequences. In addition, he used relative digraph-to-digraph
>frequencies to implement "on-board-flow", where typical english-word
>keystrokes progress from the little fingers to the index fingers.
Since typing classes for QWERTY don't teach you by starting with all keys
using english text, I can't imagine that this is the optimal way to learn
Dvorak. There are too many things to learn at once with regular text.
I think it is useful to nail the home row before trying regular text.
>> I use a combination of doing real work plus these exercises to try
>> to learn Dvorak.
>I'd ditch the exercises while learing, and you'll learn much faster.
>Just start typing from a newspaper -- the limited vocabulary will his
>your basic words extra hard. As in the Morse code, you need to have
>"muscle memory" for entire words, or you will never get very fast.
>The patterns may be useful for developing strength and coordination,
>but probably only after you can already touch-type Dvorak.
Thanks, but my combination method is working well *for me*.
>--
>: : Jan Steinman stei...@is.morgan.com Bytesmiths : :
>: : 2002 Parkside Court West Linn, OR 97068-2767 : :
>: : 503/657-7703 212/956-8722 : :
Robert Munyer
> I wrote a program to generate random patterns to help me learn the Dvorak
> auauo aeuoe oaeue auaea eoeuo eueau euaou aeaeu eoeoe auoua oaeoe uaeau ouauo
> eouea uauao eauau oauoe aoaue ouaua eaoeo uaeuo uauou eaeou euoeu aueao uoaeu
No offense, but I think that this is not a good idea. The whole point of the
Dvorak keyboard is that it is optimized for typing ENGLISH WORDS. I suspect
that the kind of exercises that this program creates are really most useful for
teaching a keyboard layout (like Sholes's QWERTY layout) that is specifically
WRONG for English words.
*************************************************
* HIGHLY RECOMMENDED FOR PEOPLE LEARNING DVORAK *
*************************************************
A much better idea would be to write a program that generates random lists of
real words that can be typed without removing your fingers from the home row.
In fact, this is an EXCELLENT thing to try if you are learning Dvorak, for the
following reasons:
(1) It is VERY easy to memorize the positions of the 10 keys on the home row.
(2) After some practice, you'll be able to type these words REALLY REALLY FAST.
I tried this once years and years ago, and I found that my typing speed was
getting close to three hundred words per minute on some of these sentences.
If you try this exercise, I guarantee that you will feel a BIG BOOST OF
ENCOURAGEMENT the first time one of your friends hears you doing one of these
exercises and says, "You can't possibly be typing real words that fast. Why
are you beating the hell out of your poor keyboard like that?"
***********************************************
* WARNING: SHAMELESS ANTI-SHOLES SLAM FOLLOWS *
***********************************************
Here is a list of all (well, most) of the words that you can type
with only the home row keys on the Sholes (QWERTY) keyboard layout:
% grep -v \[\^asdfghjkl\] /usr/dict/words | grep -v \^\[sdfghjkl\]\$ | fmt
a ad add ah ala alfalfa alga algal all as ash ask ass dad dash fad
fag fall flag flak flash flask gad gaff gag gal gala gall gas gash
glad glass ha had half hall hash jag la lad lag lash lass sa sad
sag saga salad sash shad shag shah shall slag slash
OK, you 19th-century keyboard apologists, let's see how many decent practice
sentences you can make out of that!
Now, here's the equivalent list for the Dvorak keyboard layout:
% grep -v \[\^aoeuidhtns\] /usr/dict/words | grep -v \^\[eudhtns\]\$ | fmt
a ad add addend addenda addition adenine adenosine adhesion adieu
ado aesthete ah ahead aid aide an ana and andesine andesite anent
ani anion anise annotate anode ant ante antedate antenna antennae
anti anus as ash ashen aside asinine ass assai assassin assassinate
assent assess asset assiduous assist assistant assonant astatine
astonish astound astute at ate atheist atone attain attend attendant
attendee attention attenuate attest attestation attitude attune
audio audit audition aunt auntie austenite auto dad dais dash data
date daunt dead deaden deadhead dean death deed den denotation
denote dense dent denudation denude desist destinate destine
destitute desuetude detain detent detente detention detest detestation
detonate deus diathesis did die diet din dine dint diode disdain
dish dissension dissident dissuade distant ditto do dodo doe don
donate done dose dot dote douse du dud due duet dun dune dust ease
east eat eaten edit edition eh en end enstatite enthusiast eosine
estate et eta ethane ethos etude euthanasia ha had hand handout
handset handstand hash hashish hast haste hasten hat hate hath
haunt he head headset headstand headstone heat heath heathen
heathenish hedonist heed hen hesitant hesitate hi hiatus hid hidden
hide hideous hideout hind hint his hiss histidine hit ho hoe hoi
hondo hone honest hood hoot hose host hostess hot hothead hothouse
hound house hue huh hunt hush hut i idea ideate idiot ii iii in
inane inattention indeed indent indentation initiate inn innate
innuendo insane inset inside insidious insinuate insist insistent
instant instantaneous instantiate instead institute institution
intend intendant intense intent intention intestate intestine into
intonate intone intuition inundate iodate iodide iodinate iodine
ion iota is issuant issue it naiad nation nausea nauseate ne neat
neath nee need neon neonate nest net nine nineteen nineteenth
ninetieth ninth nit no nod node noise non none noon noose nose not
notate note notion noun nu nude nun nut nutate o oases oasis oat
oath odd ode odious oh oint on one onion onset onto onus osseous
ostentatious otiose oust out sa sad sadden sadist said saint sand
sandstone sane sanitate sans sash sat satan satiate satin saute
sea seaside season seat sedan sedate sedition seditious see seed
seen seethe sen senate send sensate sense sensuous sent sentient
session set shad shade shah she sheath sheathe shed sheen sheet
shin shine shish shod shoe shone shoo shoot shot shout shun shunt
shut shutout side sienna siesta sin sine sinh sinuous sinus sinusoid
sis sit site situ situate situs snout so sod soda sodden son sonant
sonata sonnet soon soot sooth soothe sou sound soutane south
southeast stadia staid stain stand standeth stannous stash stasis
state statue statuette status statute stead steed stein stint stone
stood stout stud student studio studious stun stunt sud sudden suds
sue suit suite sun sunset sunshade sunshine suntan suntanned sushi
sustain tad taint tan tanh tannin tao taste tat tate tattoo tau
taunt taut tea teahouse tease teat tedious tee teen teet teeth
teethe ten tenant tend tendon tenet tennis tenon tense tension tent
tenth tenuous test testate testes tetanus tete than that the thee
theist then these theses thesis theta thin thine thinnish this
those thou thousand thousandth thud thus ti tid tide tie tin tine
tint tissue tit titanate tithe titian to toad toast toe ton tone
too toot tooth toss tot tote tout tuition tun tuna tune tutu union
unison unit unite us use
OK, OK, these lists aren't perfect. But I'm sure you get the general idea.
______________________________________________________________________
Robert Munyer | "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid."
rob...@metropolis.com | -- Bishop, _Aliens_
Disclaimer: I never learned to touch-type on the old Sholes "Born to be Bad"
keyboard layout. I am not responsible for any damage that this ancient, ANTI-
ERGONOMIC technology may have done to your reflexes. Your mileage may vary.
Robert Munyer
Hi, guys. This is a letter I wrote to Adam Tow about the decision "to switch
or not to switch". I think it's worthwhile reading for any comp.sys.mac.system
subscriber who is thinking about "going Dvorak".
Date: Sun, 26 Jul 92 01:44:21 PDT
From: robert (Robert Munyer)
To: dims...@netlink.cts.com (Adam Tow)
Subject: Re: DVORAK Keyboard driver, can I change the keys of my keyboard?
> I enjoyed reading your post; I do have a quick question for you, though: 300
> words per minutes with words on the home row? That's... well.. not bad!
Of course, I suppose you could type just as fast on the Sholes keyboard, under
the exact same conditions (single sentences, home row only, etc.). The only
problem is, how many sentences do you want to type that use the word "alfalfa"?
Actually, now that I think of it, that's probably not true. Even for home row
exercises, Dvorak is probably somewhat faster, because it is designed to
alternate keypresses between the right hand and the left, and the Sholes
keyboard is probably not set up to do that.
Remember, the Dvorak record holder could sustain a speed of about 250 words per
minute for an entire page, with no practice period, and no "artificial"
restrictions on the kinds of words and sentences used.
> What would you say is your cruising speed with the Dvorak keyboard layout?
Cruising speed? Hard to say. Definitely over 100 WPM when I'm typing straight
out of my head; a ways under 100 if I'm typing from a piece of paper. It's
hard to make reasonable comparisons between different people's typing speed,
because they use the keyboard for different things. Composing new material at
the keyboard, typing from verbal dictation, and typing from written words on
paper are probably three completely different skills, and only one of them is
taken into account by standard typing tests.
> I tried to switch once before, but it was just too difficult to "unlearn" the
> QWERTY layout to learn another layout. I do a lot of work with my hands (I am
> an artist), and I give it a lot of b beating each year; I am slightly afraid
> of developing some less-than desired syndromes in the future. RIght now, I
> can type roughly 100 words per minute on a QWERTY keyboard (bursts of 120 are
> made occasionally); do the benefits of using the DVORAK keyboard layout
> outweigh this? Just wondering...
Well, in a "more perfect" world, where every keyboard would have a button that
would instantly turn it into a Dvorak keyboard, I would tell everyone that it
is DEFINITELY worthwhile to switch. For the real "imperfect" world, read on...
I'm no expert in ergonomics, but I can make some predictions for you based on
what I've heard: (1) If you switch, you will definitely be able to type faster
than you can now. The speed difference could be as much as 100% (which, in
your case, would put you somewhere near the record), or it could be as little
as 10 or 15%. (2) This is probably more important than #1: if you switch to
Dvorak, typing will FEEL GOOD. Although you may not realize it now, typing on
the Sholes keyboard FEELS BAD. The reason for this is obvious: the Sholes
keyboard is DESIGNED to feel bad, to make the typist slow down so the machine
can keep up.
The disadvantage of switching, unfortunately, is also obvious: the world is
full of Sholes keyboards. Everybody seems to agree that once you have learned
to touch-type on the Dvorak keyboard, going back to the Sholes keyboard is
pretty unpleasant. It's like going back to riding a tricycle when you are used
to riding a bicycle: trying to take the corners at high speed just feels WRONG.
In part, the question of whether you should switch boils down to the question
of how often, in the future, will you be forced to use a Sholes keyboard -- and
how much will it bother you if and when it happens. For most people, it is
certainly true that they will occasionally have to type on Sholes keyboards.
But if you think about it, it seems to me that usually, when you sit down at a
particular machine, either you are only going to type a very small amount of
text (in which case it doesn't matter), or you are going to type a very LARGE
amount of text -- in which case, you might as well spend some time getting that
machine set up in whatever way will make you comfortable.
When it comes to choosing a keyboard layout, it seems that I have two "unfair"
advantages over most people: (1) I never learned to touch-type on the Sholes
keyboard, so it doesn't bother me at all that I have to "hunt and peck" on the
rare occasions when I have to use a Sholes machine. (2) I am a professional
systems programmer, so I can eventually figure out how to change just about
anything I want on just about any kind of computer I happen to come across.
One of the first things that I do when I am learning how to use a new kind of
computer is to sit down and figure out how to "repair" the keyboard. (Of
course, these days often the best way to make effective use of a new kind of
computer is just to hook up a Macintosh to it -- you get the advantages of
using a "tried and true" window system and user interface, as well as being
able to use your own trusty old keyboard and mouse).
It seems to me that in your case, you also have two "unfair" advantages over
most people: (1) you use a Macintosh, which can be hooked up to just about
anything; and (2) you have access to Usenet. If you can manage to keep your
Usenet access for the rest of your career, you will always have access to
people like me, who will more than likely be "fixing" the keyboards of every
important new type of workstation that hits the market, at least until cheap,
accurate computer voice recognition makes the Dvorak keyboard obsolete.
Actually, I have heard that there are better keyboards than Dvorak available,
so technically it is already obsolete. However, all these better keyboards are
physically different from the Sholes keyboard, so they cannot be implemented in
software. Ironic, isn't it, that one of the main things that makes the Dvorak
keyboard so popular is that it is physically identical to the old "born to be
bad" Sholes keyboard?
As for your decision, I can't tell you YES or NO; it's a decision that has to
be very individual. But I hope that some of what I've said above will help.
> thanks
>
> -adam
>
> --
> INTERNET: dims...@netlink.cts.com (Adam Tow)
> UUCP: ...!ryptyde!netlink!dimshftr
> NetLink Online Communications * Public Access in San Diego, CA (619) 453-1115
Good luck,
______________________________________________________________________
Robert Munyer | "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid."
rob...@metropolis.com | -- Bishop, _Aliens_
P.S. After writing this, it occurs to me that most of what I've said to you
also applies to many other readers on comp.sys.mac.apps. Do you mind if I
post all of this to the net?
Graham Stoney
>the mechanical devices available at the time Dvorak did his original
>work, the human factors literature abounds with papers that show that
>there is no difference in performance for highly trained people using
>more modern equipment.
OK, so explain why the Guiness Book of Records lists the world typewriter
speed record as a Dvorak user?. Not exactly a technical journal, but doesn't
that, coupled with the design of QWERTY specifically to slow typesetting
machine users down in the 1800's suggest something to you?.
If such papers abound as you claim, cite them; don't just wave claims
blindly in the air. Please, share with us all this wealth of literature we
have overlooked!.
Graham
--
Graham Stoney | "a Perl script is correct if it's halfway
Flip Dibner fan club, "Hi Flip!" | readable and gets the job done before your
Ph: +61 2 805-2909 Fax: -2929 | boss fires you." L. Wall & R. Schwartz
hob...@ac.dal.ca
> that, coupled with the design of QWERTY specifically to slow typesetting
> machine users down in the 1800's suggest something to you?.
I've been seeing this claim a lot lately, and I really wonder about it.
(Typesetting machines?) This is NOT the story I heard, about QWERTY,
that is. When Sholes was designing his keyboard, he found that the
striking arms would hit each other and stick if two keys too close
together were struck too quickly. Consequently, he designed the key
layout so that keys that were frequently struck in sequence were
separated on the board, thus allowing the typist to get as much speed out
of the machine as it could handle.
I don't know--maybe this version is as legendary as the other (that
QWERTY has always been some kind of Victorian conspiracy to slow down
typists). But it makes much more sense.
c.r.
--
Free to roam the heavens in Man's noble quest to investigate the
weirdness of the universe! -- Spaceman Spiff
toki takeuchi
learning Dvorak, and attaining a faster than real fast speed, or
at least comfort?
What does switching to Dvorak involve? New keyboard or just a
differ keymap resource file for System 7? (i.e. dragging a
Dvorak keymap document into the System).
Thanks.
Kenji T.
Robert Munyer
> When Sholes was designing his keyboard, he found that the striking arms
> would hit each other and stick if two keys too close together were struck
> too quickly. Consequently, he designed the key layout so that keys that were
> frequently struck in sequence were separated on the board, thus allowing the
> typist to get as much speed out of the machine as it could handle.
> I don't know--maybe this version is as legendary as the other (that QWERTY
> has always been some kind of Victorian conspiracy to slow down typists). But
> it makes much more sense.
Maybe. But have you noticed that he put "t" and "h" AWFULLY close together?