Kahaner Report: Comp-assisted Materials Design & Process Simul
Rick Schlichting
Office of Naval Research-Asia (ONR Asia) in Tokyo from NIST. The
following is the professional opinion of David Kahaner and in no
way has the blessing of the US Government or any agency of it. All
information is dated and of limited life time. This disclaimer should
be noted on ANY attribution.]
[Copies of previous reports written by Kahaner can be obtained using
anonymous FTP from host cs.arizona.edu, directory japan/kahaner.reports.]
From:
Dr. David K. Kahaner
US Office of Naval Research Asia
(From outside US): 23-17, 7-chome, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 Japan
(From within US): Unit 45002, APO AP 96337-0007
Tel: +81 3 3401-8924, Fax: +81 3 3403-9670
Email: kah...@cs.titech.ac.jp
Re: Computer-assisted Materials Design & Process Simulation, Tokyo, 9/93
14 Sept 1993
This file is named "commp.93"
ABSTRACT. The International Conference on Computer-Assisted Materials
Design and Process Simulation (COMMP'93), held 6-9 Sept 1993 in Tokyo is
briefly reviewed.
In the remarks below, I wish to acknowledge the assistance of
Mr Jan Terziyski
The University of Tokyo, Dept. of Metallurgy
Tokyo 113, Bunkyo-ku, Hongo 7-3-1 JAPAN
Tel: +81 3 3812-2111(ext. 7130); Fax: +81 3 3815-8363
Email: J...@DRAGON.MM.T.U-TOKYO.AC.JP
COMMP'93 was sponsored by the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. The
Chairman was
Dr. Kazuyoshi Nii
Director-General
National Research Institute for Metals (NRIM)
Tsukuba Laboratories
1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305
Tel: +81 298-51-6311; Fax: +81 298-51-4556
(NRIM is moving from Tokyo to Tsukuba -- readers should be aware of the
new address.)
I wanted to attend portions of this conference primarily to get a sense
of the impact of computing on material-science activities in Japan, although
COMMP'93 may not have been a perfect choice because of its heavy steel
orientation. Approximately 150 participants from 30 countries listened
to 100 papers and posters. In terms of speakers, representation was as
follows. (The counts are not exact because of multiple affiliations.)
University Industry / National Lab Total
Germany 2 1 2
Japan 39 30 69
Canada 2 - 2
US 2 4 6
Israel - 1 1
PR China 2 - 2
Norway 2 1 3
Sweden 4 1 5
Mexico 1 - 1
France - 1 1
UK 2 1 3
Korea 1 - 1
----
96
Although several well known US researchers attended, overall I was
surprised at the relatively low US participation. Reasons given to me
were (a) as a first of its kind conference in a chain that is to take
place in the near future COMMP'93 was not heavily advertised and had
somewhat of an invitational flavor, (b) the emphasis on steelmaking,
which is seen as a fading industry by many in the West, and (c) US
scientists may feel that they are much more advanced than Japan in
computational materials design.
Steel making is a complex scientific and engineering activity. The
largest steelmaking companies in the world are located in Asia,
including Japan and Korea. Sweden, Germany, etc., are also large
producers, and this clearly accounts for their interest. Computers have
been used for years in various ways within the steel industry, from
ordering the raw materials to scheduling and distributing finished
products. During the operation of the mills, computers monitor complex
real-time systems, check and adjust parameters associated with the blast
furnaces and rolling mills, etc. Thus steel companies have a great deal
of experience (and manpower) tied up in computerization. They have been
early users and continue to be users and developers of expert systems,
knowledge bases, and AI techniques in many phases of steelmaking. There
are plenty of examples of applications of new techniques such as neural
networks and fuzzy theory, especially in Japanese steel companies.
The steel companies are also heavy users of computing for finite element
analysis and fluid dynamics as simulation tools. Analysis of flows of
gas, liquid, solid, cracks, and even including chemical reactions are
common. At this conference I noticed more 2D than 3D models, although
there are a few well thought out efforts to build general modelling
software. I also noticed a significant number of simulations using
molecular dynamics techniques, but (with one exception noted below)
there was no indication of any special algorithms used to take
advantage of parallelism, etc.
Material properties are strongly dependent on microstructure, i.e.,
grain size, morphology, distribution, etc. There were about a half dozen
papers in which this microstructure was modelled using what is called
the "vertex method," which in two dimensions, tracks the motion of the
grain vertices (assuming polygonal grain edges) using classical
equations of motion.
The simulations I heard about were usually done on large-scale computers
or fast workstations, but not necessarily done on top end
supercomputers. Some, but by no means all within this community, would
like more computational power. Mr Terziyski disagreed about this,
stating that "I think the process simulation should make the analysis
available for most of the users and the hardware they can access. The
metalworking processes are to be simulated fast, simply and as
automatically as possible. Besides, a simulation done overnight is OK to
reduce the cost of try-outs and human labor and this approach was
defended in previous presentations in Japan even from people from
Livermore Lab."
In the Japanese steel community there is plenty of computer expertise in
what would be called processing (rolling, quenching, blast furnace
characteristics, etc), and modelling, which is easily confirmed by
scanning the list of titles appended below, or my remarks about them.
(COMMP'93 was to focus on process simulation, materials design, and
fundamental properties, but I felt that the majority of the papers were
in the first area.) However, there appeared to be much less Japanese
work in the design of materials by computer. Perhaps it does occur
but not as much within the steel industry and hence was not represented
here. I put the question to
Prof Masao Doyama
The Nishi-Tokyo University
Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-01 Japan
Tel: +81 554-63-4411; Fax: +81 554-63-4431
Prof Doyama (retired from the University of Tokyo) gave the opening
lecture from the Japanese side (there was also a speaker from Germany,
Canada, and the US) and has been involved in computational aspects of
materials science since the 1960s, including a very early stint at
Argonne National Lab. He agreed that in Japan, materials design by
computer is very much behind that in the West. (His talk was a survey of
applications of computing to material science, much of it historical. He
emphasized, as did several other speakers, that there is no point in
precise calculations based on inaccurate theory. But he went on to say
that it was better to start with simple models and do something
reasonable, than to wait for perfect theory.)
On the basis of the participants at this conference it was difficult to
dispute Doyama's assertion that materials design by computer was less
advanced in Japan. Perhaps it was because many Japanese attending were
metallurgists, but it was clear that a great many were unsophisticated
about computing. The US speaker at the opening lecture was M.Koszykowski
from Sandia Labs, Livermore. His discussion, laced with references to
grand challenges, FDDI, C++, X-window widgets, etc., and his attempted
distinctions between class libraries and toolkit approaches to software
architecture, was well recognized by the audience, but might have been
better understood at a conference on supercomputers or communications
than this one. Another US participant, M.Baskes (Email:
BAS...@CA.SANDIA.GOV), who is also the Editor in Chief of the Modelling
and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering Journal, agreed that
Western scientists are significantly ahead in this area. Although many
Japanese companies now have access to powerful computers, still lacking
are the sophisticated infrastructure in which supercomputers are coupled
with workstations, graphics devices, and other tools in a easy to use
web. (A common remark from scientists here is that, yes they can make
color graphics based on computer output, but no, it is not easy and may
even require assistance from other people or use of a special remote
facility, etc.)
The Japanese government is working to do something about this in the
area of materials. Doyama pointed out that in 1987 STA predictions for
future technology, the topic of materials design, as well as the science
and control on the atomic and molecular level were mentioned as
important technologies. In STA's most recent prediction, 1992, molecular
structural control and evaluation were again mentioned as key
technologies. (This has translated into the Atomic Scale Engineering
project, sometimes called the nano-technology project. But Japanese
participants at COMMP'93 felt that the thrusts of that were different
from computer related materials design.) Nevertheless, given the
expertise in Japanese steel industry in computer processing and model
building, it is just a matter of time before explicit materials design
gets to a par with that in the West.
Mr Terziyski considered the conference slightly off, relative to his
interests in CAD, CAM and CAE systems, and pointed out that the main
objectives of CAD in the materials area are (among others) the
following.
1. Assist die design and process development
a) Conduct metal flow simulation
- prevent flow induced defects
- avoid exceeding forming limits so that failures are prevented
- achieve desired grain flow and product properties that
are usually nonuniform throughout the part
b) Predict and attempt to control the temperature in the
material and die during forming
2. Improve shape quality and reduce forming cost
a) Predict and improve grain flow and microstructure
b) Reduce die try-outs
c) Reduce rejects and improve material yield
In this context, he felt that the presentations were heavy in the topic
of non-destructive material evaluation and properties prediction. And
powerful techniques to predict material characteristics like
acousto-sonic evaluation were really the subject of science fields
different from process simulation and design by computers. Along with
this, he felt that much more attention was paid to the tools for
computer processing rather than hardware tools for process simulation,
investigation and improvement. Also, "the mathematics of the problems
being analyzed could be subject to a separate meeting or even some
post-conference proceedings." However, he admits that "it is extremely
difficult to combine the interests of all steel-making and
processes-developing companies, institutes and universities in four
days. I think a large-scale survey on state-of-the-art simulators and
technologies should take least within a week, with longer presentation
time [for each paper]. Also, the poster session could be displayed
during the full conference time in the entrance hall. However, we should
recognize the best organization by ISIJ who made the Conference possible
and did well."
A list of papers is given below. First, I make some brief remarks on
(Asian-authored) papers that were of particular interest to me.
"Bright," a blast furnace model -- fairly complete, but only in 2-D
(Sugiyama, et al).
Electromagnetic braking, both duct and jet flows are studied (Okazawa,
et al).
Chaotic dynamics applied to non-periodicity in blast furnace, with very
good predictive capabilities (Gao, et al from PR China). In one paper,
(Tojima, et al) used neural nets to classify graphite shapes in cast
iron.
Basic studies of validity of k-e turbulence model in studying the flow
fields of continuous casting molds, using Flotran, a commercial product
(Takeuchi, et al).
Three-dimensional casting solidification analysis, using the SOLDIA code
(Ohnaka). In shape casting, the author notes the need for
An unstructured 3-D mesh generator as well as improved algorithms for
such meshes, especially when applied to free surface problems.
Simulation of absorption and entrapment of gas, and solid-liquid two
phase flow.
Turbulent flow with free surfaces.
Simulation of casting defects.
Microscopic modeling for microstructures, pore nucleation,
microsegregation.
HEARTS, a 3D FEM program for heat treatment simulation (Inoue, et al),
which also includes an easy to use pre/post processor, for carbon
diffusion, phase transformation kinetics, heat conduction, and
stress/strain. Some examples, performed on a workstation are shown, with
3D graphics.
An overview of difficulties with current FEM algorithms applied to powder
forming (Matsumoto). One interesting aspect is that the developed
stiffness matrix is non-symmetric if classical plasticity theory is used.
Elegant models for metal injection molding (Iwai, et al), and forging
(Terziyski, et al), both 3D. We also note a more theoretical model
(Kawasaki et al) of textured surfaces such as soap froth.
A new friction model, using molecular dynamics, leading to a state,
called superlubricity, in which frictional forces exactly vanish in the
limit of the sliding velocity going to zero (Hirano, et al). The authors
have performed some experiments using two contacting muscovite mica.
These experiments have confirmed that the friction forces become smaller
as the experimental conditions approach those for the appearance of the
superlubric state. They are planning further experiments using
well-defined surfaces under a high vacuum of 10^{-10} Torr.
A variety of techniques, including molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo
have been applied to thin-film simulation (Sasajima et al). Monte Carlo
is also applied to microstructural evolution (Nogami, at al).
For readers reference, I note the paper by Fujita & Noda on nuclear
material design and selection. The authors explain that a pilot
information system for nuclear materials is being developed. Moreover,
they note that for about three years, the National Research Institute
for Metals, the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, and the Power
Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp, have been cooperating in the
development creation of a "Data-Free-Way" for accessing
materials-related data.
The one Japanese paper on parallel computing (Ohno, et al), began with a
Monte Carlo algorithm for simulation of star-polymers, which the authors
vectorized on an NEC SX-2, and then rewrote in Fortran 90 for a DEC
mpp12000, with 4K processors (currently succeeded by DECmpp
12000/SxM200). Their results are interesting, but the computational
model is quite simple, only about one page, in either Fortran 77 or
Fortran 90.
There were also several papers on database and knowledge-base techniques
and applications. These ranged from rather conceptual, the Virtual
Production Line (Iwata) or KIND an integrated materials database
(Kawazoe, et al), to specific, such as strength and life prediction
(Monma), or case-based reasoning applied to quality in steel plates
(Omura, et al). The KIND project (began more than 5 years ago at the
Institute for Materials Research at Tohoku University) stores more than
30,000 papers on opto-magnetic disks, concentrating on intermetallic
compounds, and superconducting materials, although there is recent work
in amorphous materials. Queries can be made via a standard SQL using
keywords, up to 4KB in length, and some multi-media capability is also
available.
One paper did not relate to computer modeling, but rather to image
processing, (Furukimi, et al). The authors used Dr Image, a package
developed by Kawasaki Steel, to process a pair of 8-degree offset images
provided from a scanning electron microscope and obtain 3-dimensional
data.
While not Asian I want to call attention to the survey of the Swedish
Consortium for Computer Assisted Materials and Process Development
(CAMPADA), building software and databases (Sundman, et al). In
addition, it is worth noting the paper of E.Wimmer, representing the
BIOSYM company in France. Wimmer's paper is an excellent survey of
quantum mechanical calculations for materials design, and also includes
a brief discussion of their potential economic impact.
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Papers and Posters Presented at COMMP'93. Complete text of papers
presented and posted is given in the conference Proceedings, along with
complete mailing addresses of the authors.
PRESENTED PAPERS
Computer Simulation of Phenomena in Casting and in Solidification Processes
K. Schwerdtfeger
Technical University Clausthal, GERMANY
Computer Applications to Materials Science and Engineering
M. Doyama
The Nishi Tokyo University, JAPAN
Development of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Models as a Basis for Microstructure and
Mechanical Property Prediction in Steels
J. S. Kirkaldy
McMaster University, CANADA
Distributed and Massively Parallel Scientific Computing:
Progress and Prospects for the Simulation of Materials and Chemical Processes
M. L. Koszykowski*, R. Armstrong*, R. E. Cline, Jr.* and J. Macfarlane**
*Sandia National Laboratories, USA
**Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties from First-principles Electronic Structure Calculations
D. de Fontaine* and M. Asta**
*University of California, USA
**Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
The Atomic and Electronic Structures of Grain Boundaries in Semiconductors and Ceramics
M. Kohyama* and R. Yamamoto**
*Government industrial Research Institute, JAPAN
**The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Computer Calculation of Alloy Phase Diagrams
T. G. Chart
National Physical Laboratory, UK
Analysis of Preferential Substitution Site of the Third Element in TiAl (Li_0) Compound by
the Cluster Variation method
T. Abe, T. Yokokawa and H. Onodera
National Research Institute for Metals, JAPAN
CAMPADA-the Swedish Consortium for Computer Assisted Materials and Process Development
B. Sundman and B. Jansson
The Royal Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Computer Simulations of Diffusional Reactions in Multicomponent Steels
J. Agren
The Royal Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Modeling Proeutectoid Ferrite Transformation in Iron Alloys
M. Enomoto
lbaraki University, JAPAN
Mobilities in Multicomponent Alloys and Simulation of Diffusional Phase Transformations
B. Jonsson
The Royal Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Modelling Reaustenitisation from Ferrite/Cementite Mixtures in Fe-C Steels
T. Akbay*, R. C. Reed*, C. Atkinson* and M. Enomoto**
*Imperial College of Science, UK
**Ibaraki University, JAPAN
Application crf CALPHAD to Transformation Behavior Studies in Intercritical-annealed Low Carbon Steel
A. Ogawa, T. Minote, K. Yamada and M. Niikura
NKK Corporation, JAPAN
Diffusion Controlled Ledge and Kink Motion
C. Atkinson and P. Wilmott
Imperial College, UK
Material and Process Designs by Database and Knowledge Base
S. lwata
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Evaluation of Materials Strength and Materials Life Prediction
Y. Monma
National Research Institute for Metals, JAPAN
Usages of the Integrated Materials Database System Kind
Y. Kawazoe, K. Ohno, H. Kam iyama, G. Kido, T. Nakamichi, R. Itoh, N. Mori, S. Wada,
T. ltoh, Y. Akiyama and T. Nakanomyo
Tohoku University, JAPAN
Quality and Process Design System for Steel Plates by Case-based Reasoning
K. Omura, T. Watanabe, M. Konishi, N. Syosaki and K. Maeoka
Kobe Steel, Ltd., JAPAN
Knowledge-based Model Library Support for Assessment and Improvement of Continuous Casting Proce
J. R. Boehmer and F. N. Fett
University of Siegen, GERMANY
Homogenization Method and Its Application to Material Design for Composites
- An Analysis of Thermal Elastoplasticity
N. Kikuchi
The University of Michigan, USA
Three-dimensional Analysis of Iron Powder Morphology by Binocular Parallax
O. Furukimi, K. Ogura and A. Miyajima
Kawasaki Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Classification of Graphite Shapes in Cast Irons Using Neural Networks
M. Tojima*, T. Suzuki* and F. Kobayashi**
*The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
**Kyushu Institute of Technology, JAPAN
Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Morphology in WC/CO Cermets by
Acoustic Homogenization Approach
T. Aizawa
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Modelling Materials Processing
P. Sargent*, H. Shercliff * and B. Wood**
*Cambridge University, UK
**Loughborough University of Technology, UK
Monte Carlo Simulation of Many-arm Star Polymers on Massively-parallel Computer
K. Ohno and Y. Kawazoe
Tohoku University, JAPAN
Simulation of Centrifugal Casting Process of Metal Matrix Composite
M. Mizuno, T. Matsuoka and T. Inoue
Kyoto University, JAPAN
Optimisation of Casting Process through Simulation of Filling and Feeding Path for
High Integrity Aluminium Castings
E. Fiender, G. Hartmann and J. C. Sturm
MAGMA GieBereitechnologie GmbH, GERMANY
Mathematical Model of Elements Reduction from Oxides during Build-up Processes
M. Zinigirad and O. Gafri
Israel Welding institute, Ltd., ISRAEL
Development of Blast Furnace Total Model 'Bright'and Its Application to
the Analysis of the Lower Part Reaction
T. Sugiyama and S. Matsuzaki
Nippon Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Analysis of CO Reduction of Wustite Pellets by Grain Model in Consideration of
Solid State Diffusion and Chemical Reactions
T. Murayama and Y. Ono
Kyushu University, JAPAN
Simulation for Gaseous Reduction of Non-spherical Porous Iron Oxide
T. Usui, M. Ohmasa and Z. Morita
Osaka University, JAPAN
Computer Simulation of Solidification and Casting Processes
J. K. Brimacombe, I. V. Samarasekera and S. L. Cockcroft
The University of British Columbia, CANADA
Computational Solidification Analysis for Three Dimensional and Coupled Problems
I. Ohnaka
Osaka University, JAPAN
A Computational Method for the Analysis of Transformation and Solute Distribution
T. Matsumiya, T. Koseki, W. Yamada and T. Ogawa
Nippon Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Simulation of the Compositions of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Cast Stainless Steels
W. Yamada, T. Matsumiya, S. Fukumoto, S. Tanaka and H. Takeuchi
Nippon Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Calculation of Bulging Strain and Its Application to Prediction of Internal Cracks in Continuously Cast Slabs
K. Okamura and H. Kawashima
Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., JAPAN
Effects of Boundary Conditions on Electromagnetic Braking
K. Okazawa, T. Toh, E. Takeuchi and 1. Sawada
Nippon Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Application of the Embedded Atom Method to Materials Design
M.I.Baskes
Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Computational Approaches in Materials Design: from Quantum Mechanics to Economic Impact
E.Wimmer
BIOSYM Technologies, FRANCE
Simulating Effects of Precipitation during Quenching and Aging Aluminum Alloy Products on Properties
J. T. Staley
Aluminum Company of America, USA
Electronic Structure Analysis of lntermetallic Compounds for Modification of Crystal Structure
O. Ito
Hitachi Ltd., JAPAN
Computer Modelling of Texture Formation and Dynamics
K. Kawasaki*, T. Nagai**, K. Fuchizaki* and T. Okuzono*
*Kyushu University, JAPAN
**Kyushu Kyoritsu University, JAPAN
Development of Three Dimensional Monte Carlo Simulation Method for Microstructural Evolution
A. Nogami*,T.Matsumiya* and Y.Fukuda**
*Nippon Steel Corporation, JAPAN
**Nippon Steel Information & Communication Systems Inc., JAPAN
Grain Growth with Anisotropic Grain Boundary Energy: Vertex Model Simulation
T. Nagai*, K.Fuchizaki**, K.Kawasaki**, M.Enomoto*** and Y.Saito****
*Kyushu Kyoritsu University, JAPAN
**Kyushu University, JAPAN
***Ibaraki University, JAPAN
****Kawasaki Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Computer Simulation of Subgrain Rotation
T. O. Saetre* and N. Ryum**
*Hydro Aluminium a.s., NORWAY
**University of Trondheim, NORWAY
Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundary Energies in Fe
R. Watanabe, A. Nogami and T. Matsumiya
Nippon Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Superlubricity: Solid-Solid Surface interaction Analysis by Molecular Dynamics
M. Hirano* and K. Shinjo**
*Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, JAPAN
**ATR, JAPAN
Prediction of Acoustic Structure for Multi-layered Materials
T. Aizawa*, Y. Tsukahara** and J. Kihara*
*The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
**Toppan, JAPAN
Modelling of the Quench Sensitivity of Aluminium Alloy AA6082
D.H.Bratland*, O.Grong*, O.R.Myhr** and H.Shercliff***
*The Norwegian Institute of Technology, NORWAY
**Hydro Aluminium, NORWAY
***University of Cambridge, UK
An Improved Two-dimensional Model of Flame-cutting
L.-E. Lindgren* and A. Carlestam**
*Lulea University of Technology, SWEDEN
**SSAB Oxelosund AB, SWEDEN
Modeling of Microstructural Evolution in Thermomechanical Processing of
High Strength Low Alloy Steel Plates
Y. Saito
Kawasaki Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Computer Simulations of Materials Properties and Thin Film Fabrication Process
Y. Sasajima* and R. Yamamoto**
*Ibaraki University, JAPAN
**The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Micromechanics-based Approach to the Simulation of Thermomechanical Response of
Ceramic/Metal Functionally Graded Materials
K. Wakashim.A, T. Ishizuka and H. Tsukamoto
Tokyo Institute of Technology, JAPAN
Capping-layer Effect on the Magneto-optical Recording
X. Hu and Y. Kawazoe
Tohoku University, JAPAN
Simulation of Electronic Structures for Understanding Alloying Behaviour of Aluminium
H. Yukawa, M. Morinaga and Y. Takahashi
Toyohashi University of Technology, JAPAN
Alloying Effect on the Electronic Structure of FeAl and NiAl Compounds
J. Saito, H. Ezaki, M. Morinaga and Y. Murata
Toyohashi University of Technology, JAPAN
Dynamics Of C_{60} Buckyballs on Si(100) Surface
H. Rafii-Tabar, H. Kamiyama and Y. Kawazoe
Tohoku University, JAPAN
Simulation of Sol-Gel Transitions of Silica Glasses Based on a New Cluster-Cluster Aggregation Model
X. Hu, M. Kudoh, K. Ohno and Y. Kawazoe
Tohoku University, JAPAN
Some Problems with Implicit-type FEM Analysis of Powder Forming
H. Matsumoto
Nippon Steel Corporation, JAPAN
Granular Modeling for Metal Injection Molding
T. Iwai, T. Aizawa and J. Kihara
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Flow Stress and Phase Transformation Analyses in the Austenitic Stainless Steels SUS 301, SUS 304 and
SUS 310 and Experiments on Forward and Backward Extrusions and Deep Drawing
T. Tsuta and J. A. Cortes R.
Hiroshima University, JAPAN
The Influence of Temperature Gradients in Reheated Slabs on Shape Defects in Hot Rolled Flat Products
P. Mantyla*, J. Edberg** and P. Huml***
*Rautaruukki Oy, FINLAND
**MEFOS,SWEDEN
***The Royal Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Reduced Gage Compression Test for Evaluation of Strain Localization
R. Colis* and A. Grinberg**
*Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, MEXICO
**Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, MEXICO
Three Dimensional Forging Analysis by Finite Element Control
J. Terziyski, T. Aizawa and J. Kihara
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Determination of Flow Stress by Convergence of Unknown Constants using Finite Element Method
M. Michino and M. Tanaka
Nippon Metal Industry Co., Ltd., JAPAN
POSTERS-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-periodic Regularity and Prediction of the Hot Metal Composition for Blast Furnace Operation
X. Gao and Z. Zheng
Chongqing University, CHINA
Continuous Casting of Titanium Alloy in an Induction Cold Crucible Assisted by the Mathematical Model
T. Tanaka, K. Kurita and A. Kuroda
Sumitomo Metal industries, Ltd., JAPAN
Simulation of Solidification and Heat Flow in Strip Casting Process by Twin Roll Method
D. Y. Ju* and T. Inoue**
*Saitama Institute of Technology, JAPAN
**Kyoto University, JAPAN
Simulation of Solidification Process in D.C. Casting Aluminum Slabs
H. Matsuzaki, K. Yoshikawa and T. Onoye
Kobe Steel, Ltd., JAPAN
Basic Research on Fluid Dynamics in Continuous Casters-Part I
M. Takeuchi*, M. Iguchi**, K. Fujii*, Y. Sakamoto*, H. Haraguchi** and Z. Morita**
*Kobe Steel, Ltd., JAPAN
** Osaka University, JAPAN
Computer Simulation of Quenching Process Based on Metallo-Thermo-Mechanics
T. Inoue*, K. Arimoto** and D. Y. Ju***
*Kyoto University, JAPAN
**CRC Research Institute, Inc., JAPAN
***Saitama Institute of Technology, JAPAN
Dislocation Core Structures and Mechanical Behavior of L1_2 Ordered Alloys
L. Sodani* and V. Vitek**
*NKK Corporation, JAPAN
**University of Pennsylvania, USA
The Atomic and Electronic Structure of the {131} Planar Interstitial Defects in Silicon
M. Kohy ama* and S.Takeda**
*Government Industrial Research Institute, JAPAN
**Osaka University, JAPAN
Modelling of gamma/alpha Transformation in Microalloyed Steels
K. J. Lee, J. K. Lee, K. B. Kang and O. Kwon
Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, KOREA
Evolution of 2-D Polycrystalline Grain Structure Simulated by Vertex Model
M. Enomoto*, Y. Saito**, K. Fuchizaki***, T. Nagai**** and K. Kawasaki***
lbaraki University, JAPAN
*Kawasaki Steel Corporation, JAPAN
**Kyushu University, JAPAN
***Kyushu Kyoritu University, JAPAN
Two-phase Equilibrium Calculation by the Grand Potential Method for Binary Alloy
S. Hao and M. Jiang
Northeast University of Technology, CHINA
Prediction of High-temperature Properties and Producibility of Ni-Cr-W Superalloys by Multiple Regression Analyses
H. Tsuji, H. Nakajima and T. Kondo
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, JAPAN
Simulation System of Nuclear Transmutation and Radioactivation for Material Design
M. Fuiita and T. Noda
National Research institute for Metals, JAPAN
Pseudo-dynamic Simulation of Recording on Magneto-optical Disk
X. Hu*, S. Honma*, Y. Kawazoe*, T. Imazu**, T. Yorozu** and N. Ohta**
*Tohoku University, JAPAN
**Hitachi Maxell Ltd,, JAPAN
A Computer Aided Method for Experimental Optimization
Y. Ikai, T. Takahashi, H. Kimura and K. Kubo
Kobe University, JAPAN.
Characterization of the Microstructure in a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by the Sensory Test and Its Application
T. Kaneko*, Y. Kurihara*, H. Onodera*, M. Yamazaki** and M. Fujita*
*National Research Institute for Metals, JAPAN
**The Nishi Tokyo University, JAPAN
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