Our catalytic converter was stolen, and the car will be at the dealer for weeks if not months before it gets replaced. The registration is up for renewal, and requires a smog check. I paid the registration fee online, but can't complete it w/o smog check. Is there some way to get DMV to waive the smog check in this case? We have a police report and insurance claim. If we don't get the car smog checked before the registration deadline, it looks like we could be on the hook for $100 penalty (but that may just apply to payment). Any advice on dealing with this situation?
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A vehicle will fail Smog Check if the theft prevention device modifies or damages the catalytic converter or if any required identifying information is not visible. In addition, a theft prevention device should not be welded or attached directly to the catalytic converter. To help ensure the proper installation of a theft prevention device on your vehicle, visit a licensed auto shop.
Take your vehicle to a licensed Smog Check station to have a replacement converter installed. The replacement converter must be from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or a California Air Resources Board approved aftermarket converter with an assigned Executive Order (EO) number that meets the exact requirements for your vehicle. The station will help ensure the correct replacement converter is properly installed on your vehicle.
Please note, the replacement converter should be installed as soon as possible to avoid potential problems and damage to your vehicle, and must be installed before your vehicle's next Smog Check. If the replacement converter is on back order, contact the Smog Check Referee for assistance.
This article shows how to create custom converters for the JSON serialization classes that are provided in the System.Text.Json namespace. For an introduction to System.Text.Json, see How to serialize and deserialize JSON in .NET.
A converter is a class that converts an object or a value to and from JSON. The System.Text.Json namespace has built-in converters for most primitive types that map to JavaScript primitives. You can write custom converters:
There are two patterns for creating a custom converter: the basic pattern and the factory pattern. The factory pattern is for converters that handle type Enum or open generics. The basic pattern is for non-generic and closed generic types. For example, converters for the following types require the factory pattern:
The basic pattern creates a class that can handle one type. The factory pattern creates a class that determines, at run time, which specific type is required and dynamically creates the appropriate converter.
The following code shows a custom converter that works with Dictionary. The code follows the factory pattern because the first generic type parameter is Enum and the second is open. The CanConvert method returns true only for a Dictionary with two generic parameters, the first of which is an Enum type. The inner converter gets an existing converter to handle whichever type is provided at run time for TValue.
The factory pattern is required for open generics because the code to convert an object to and from a string isn't the same for all types. A converter for an open generic type (List, for example) has to create a converter for a closed generic type (List, for example) behind the scenes. Code must be written to handle each closed-generic type that the converter can handle.
If your converter is converting a JSON object, the Utf8JsonReader will be positioned on the begin object token when the Read method begins. You must then read through all the tokens in that object and exit the method with the reader positioned on the corresponding end object token. If you read beyond the end of the object, or if you stop before reaching the corresponding end token, you get a JsonException exception indicating that:
For an example, see the preceding factory pattern sample converter. The Read method starts by verifying that the reader is positioned on a start object token. It reads until it finds that it is positioned on the next end object token. It stops on the next end object token because there are no intervening start object tokens that would indicate an object within the object. The same rule about begin token and end token applies if you are converting an array. For an example, see the Stack sample converter later in this article.
The [JsonConverter] attribute on the struct registers the custom converter as the default for properties of type Temperature. The converter is automatically used on the TemperatureCelsius property of the following type when you serialize or deserialize it:
The example shows the converter code and a WeatherForecast class with object properties. The Main method deserializes a JSON string into a WeatherForecast instance, first without using the converter, and then using the converter. The console output shows that without the converter, the run-time type for the Date property is JsonElement; with the converter, the run-time type is DateTime.
.NET 7 provides support for both polymorphic serialization and deserialization. However, in previous .NET versions, there was limited polymorphic serialization support and no support for deserialization. If you're using .NET 6 or an earlier version, deserialization requires a custom converter.
Suppose, for example, you have a Person abstract base class, with Employee and Customer derived classes. Polymorphic deserialization means that at design time you can specify Person as the deserialization target, and Customer and Employee objects in the JSON are correctly deserialized at run time. During deserialization, you have to find clues that identify the required type in the JSON. The kinds of clues available vary with each scenario. For example, a discriminator property might be available or you might have to rely on the presence or absence of a particular property. The current release of System.Text.Json doesn't provide attributes to specify how to handle polymorphic deserialization scenarios, so custom converters are required.
The following code shows a base class, two derived classes, and a custom converter for them. The converter uses a discriminator property to do polymorphic deserialization. The type discriminator isn't in the class definitions but is created during serialization and is read during deserialization.
The converter code in the preceding example reads and writes each property manually. An alternative is to call Deserialize or Serialize to do some of the work. For an example, see this StackOverflow post.
A disadvantage of this method is you can't pass in the original options instance that registers the converter to Deserialize. Doing so would cause a stack overflow, as explained in Required properties. The following example shows a Read method that uses this alternative:
By default, the built-in JsonStringEnumConverter can serialize and deserialize string values for enums. It works without a specified naming policy or with the CamelCase naming policy. It doesn't support other naming policies, such as snake case. For information about custom converter code that can support round-tripping to and from enum string values while using a snake case naming policy, see GitHub issue dotnet/runtime #31619. Alternatively, upgrade to .NET 7 or later versions, which provide built-in support for applying naming policies when round-tripping to and from enum string values.
In some scenarios, you might want to use the default system converter in a custom converter. To do that, get the system converter from the JsonSerializerOptions.Default property, as shown in the following example:
This null-handling behavior is primarily to optimize performance by skipping an extra call to the converter. In addition, it avoids forcing converters for nullable types to check for null at the start of every Read and Write method override.
**If you are not on Spring Boot, where automatic registration of converters annotated with Component (and similar stereotype annotations) is performed and you are not in Web Mvc environment :
If the converter is needed to convert properties to specific objects registering it as component might be too late. I'm using spring-boot-2.3.11 and get an error No converter found capable of converting from type [java.lang.String] to type [org.raisercostin.jedio.WritableDirLocation]
The Mankato Department of Public Safety, through the Minnesota Department of Commerce, is implementing a program to help deter theft of catalytic converters. To participate, vehicle owners must register their vehicles at the Public Safety Center, 710 S. Front St. any time. Once registered, the owner will be provided with a packet that includes an identification label with a unique code and instructions and materials to install the label.
"Catalytic converters do not have serial numbers or other identifying features that make them easy to trace," says Associate Director of Public Safety Dan Schisel. "Registering and labeling catalytic converters helps them be identified should they be found after being stolen."
There is no charge for the registration or the packet. Residents may opt to install the label themselves or bring it to any participating automotive shop (list provided at registration) to install at no cost. Once the label is applied, the identification number is permanently etched on the catalytic converter and unable to be removed.
Any pawnshop, secondhand merchandise dealer, or catalytic converter purchaser must register with the Division annually and comply with all provisions of the PSMCCTIA, including collecting and uploading transaction information to the Central Database.
Yes. Certain businesses that purchase secondhand goods are exempt from registration and uploading requirements. These include businesses such as antique dealers; consignment shops; appliance or furniture dealers; auction houses; garage, yard, or estate sales; book, magazine, or postcard dealers; donations to religious, non-profit, or charitable organizations for which no compensation is paid; secondhand clothing and shoe businesses. Please see section 13-32a-102(29)(c) for a complete list of exemptions. Note: If you are an exempt business (e.g. antique dealer, appliance dealer) but you purchase items that are not exempt, your business must still register with the Division and comply with the PSMCCTIA for all non-exempt items.
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