If you are very, very, careful ...
If you have first grounded yourself, then gently place a finger on the
case of the hard disk when it is powered up and notice if you can feel
any vibrations.
Sometimes the problem with hard disks in old installations is that
the power connector is not properly making contact. If the disk
is SATA and you are using a molex connector, remove that, and try
using a SATA power connector plugged into another molex connector
that you know is supplying power.
The worst sound a disk can make when powered up is not no sound at all
buy a continuous kerchunk, kerchunk, kerchunk which is I think caused
by a problem with the rotor arm.