Re: uPD7220
monahanz
> Hi! Does anyone have an electronic or paper copy of the NEC uPD7220
> Design Guide and/or User Manual?
>
> If anyone has access to scanned copies of these documents, I would
> appreciate an email or link.
>
> I'd be willing to purchase for a nominal price the manuals if someone
> has paper versions.
>
> Sorry for the cross posting. Please contact me by email.
>
> Thanks and have a nice day!
>
> Andrew Lynch
Andrew this web site is great for any chip data sheet (.pdf's)
http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=UPD7220A
Tilmann Reh
> Hi! Does anyone have an electronic or paper copy of the NEC uPD7220
> Design Guide and/or User Manual?
I have the "Graphics Controllers User Manual", where the 7220 is
contained in (along with its relatives).
It's paper however, about 35 mm thick, and I don't really want to give
it away - besides, cross-continental shipment is expensive. :-(
But I could look up details for you or photograph/scan parts of it (if
not too much).
Tilmann
Peter Dassow
A short Google session brought up this one:
http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/qx10/doc/nec7220.pdf
It's not only a data sheet, it contains also a complete list of GDC
commands (with parameter description), electrical specifications, timing
parameter and some block diagrams. May be useful ?
Regards
Peter
Rolf Harrmann
On Wed, 2 Sep 2009 18:41:26 -0700 (PDT), lynchaj <lyn...@yahoo.com>
wrote:
>Hi! Does anyone have an electronic or paper copy of the NEC uPD7220
>Design Guide and/or User Manual?
>
>If anyone has access to scanned copies of these documents, I would
>appreciate an email or link.
>
>I'd be willing to purchase for a nominal price the manuals if someone
>has paper versions.
>
>Sorry for the cross posting. Please contact me by email.
>
>Thanks and have a nice day!
>
>Andrew Lynch
German Homepage are Documents Video Controller U 82720.
http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bic_hw.html
http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bc_cggs.pdf
http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bc_cggb.pdf
U 82720 = Intel 82720 = NEC 7220 = NEC D7220D
Thank you!
Have a nice day!
Rolf
lynchaj
wrote:
> Hi Andrew,
>
> On Wed, 2 Sep 2009 18:41:26 -0700 (PDT), lynchaj <lync...@yahoo.com>
Thanks to all who replied! The home brew computer which uses the
uPD7220 certainly is interesting. I already have the uPD7220
datasheet but am still looking for the User Manual and the Design
Guide.
If anyone finds these documents, especially electronic versions,
please let me know. If you have a paper version I could scan and make
available for public use that would be much appreciated too.
Rolf Harrmann
On Fri, 4 Sep 2009 17:14:18 -0700 (PDT), lynchaj wrote:
>> German Homepage are Documents Video Controller U 82720.
>>
>> http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bic_hw.html
>>
>> http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bc_cggs.pdf
>>
>> http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bc_cggb.pdf
>>
>> U 82720 = Intel 82720 �= NEC 7220 = NEC D7220D
>>
>> Thank you!
>> Have a nice day!
>>
>> Rolf
>
>Thanks to all who replied! The home brew computer which uses the
>uPD7220 certainly is interesting. I already have the uPD7220
>datasheet but am still looking for the User Manual and the Design
>Guide.
>
>If anyone finds these documents, especially electronic versions,
>please let me know. If you have a paper version I could scan and make
>available for public use that would be much appreciated too.
>
>Thanks and have a nice day!
>
>Andrew Lynch
Andrew do not you have probably just seen to Links out for Schematic
and Map,
Schematic
http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bc_cggs.pdf
Map
http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bc_cggb.pdf
Image Component Side
http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bilder/bic_b.jpg
Image Trace Side
http://www.sax.de/~zander/bic/bilder/bic_l.jpg
The Video Controller U 82720 is the same as the Video Controller
uPD7220.
U 82720 same as Intel 82720 same as NEC 7220 same as NEC D7220D.
F.J. Kraan
>
> A short Google session brought up this one:
> http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/qx10/doc/nec7220.pdf
> It's not only a data sheet, it contains also a complete list of GDC
> commands (with parameter description), electrical specifications, timing
> parameter and some block diagrams. May be useful ?
The QX-10 Technical manual also has some useful info, but mainly as a
hardware application: http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/qx10/doc/tm1_5.pdf
>
> Regards
> Peter
Greetings,
Fred Jan
boB
WoW ! I designed an S-100 board for this chip almost (not quite)
30 years ago and paid about $90.00 for it at the time.
I rememnber having a spiral bound programming book for this but don't
know if I still have it or not... Will take a look but not promising
anything.
All data sheets had a 2 page data sheet and pinout for it but that's all
I could see in the 1 minute I checked.
This was a very cool chip at the time. Drawing lines and circles and
stuff. I always use my hand wired board for proto examples for young
whipper-snapper engineering types.
There was a small home computer that used this chip as well but can't
remember who's it was now. Heathkit ? Rat Shack ? Apple ?
boB
Robert
@v36g2000yqv.googlegroups.com>, lyn...@yahoo.com says...
>
> Hi! Does anyone have an electronic or paper copy of the NEC uPD7220
> Design Guide and/or User Manual?
>
> If anyone has access to scanned copies of these documents, I would
> appreciate an email or link.
>
> I'd be willing to purchase for a nominal price the manuals if someone
> has paper versions.
>
> Sorry for the cross posting. Please contact me by email.
>
> Thanks and have a nice day!
>
> Andrew Lynch
The NCR DMV used this chip for its graphics operation. I have scans from
the system technical manual (check your email ;-) )
Regards, Robert
Martin Brown
Most of the small home computers tended to use 6845, 6847 or some custom
made clone of that basic functionality. TI had their own brand 99x8 GDCs
with sprites and other goodies.
>
> Hi Bob! Thanks! There are a few early microcomputers that used this
> chip. The Epson QX-10 and NEC APC are a couple examples. There are
> more.
>
> If you have any design information on the uPD7220 especially an S-100
> board design please scan them in and post. There is very little
> information available for the uPD7220 and I fear it is in danger of
> being lost to the mists of history. I am collecting the data for a
> possible future project.
It was a beautiful little chip way ahead of its time with upto 1024x1024
by 256 colour graphics and hardware accelerated line, arc and fill. It
was what the PC graphics standard should have been but instead we were
stiffed with IBMs poxy VGA. In Japan the 7220 was the mainstream GDC on
all NECs 9801 series computers capable of full Kanji character display.
I might still have an English applications datasheet in a trunk in the
attic somewhere - a quick look didn't find it. I once wrote an Intel
driver for it a long time ago. I recall it had some handshaking issues
on PCs with the result of TEST AX,imm instruction failing intermittently
on 286 CPUs (AND AX, imm was OK). Apart from that it was nice to use and
for the time exceedingly fast excellent for engineering and science
applications. I have some Japanese language data on the 9801 but that
probably isn't much use to you.
>
> Thanks and have a nice day!
A Californian company produced a nice but expensive 7220 based ISA board
for the PC called Sigma Dazzler in the early 80's and with a
sufficiently expensive colour monitor it was magic to use. Few customers
could afford the daughter board to do 256 colours, most settled for 16.
Regards,
Martin Brown
Mr Emmanuel Roche, France
Finally, someone else than me who had experience with it! Too bad you
did not respond when I mentioned it, several years ago.
> I have some Japanese language data on the 9801 but that
> probably isn't much use to you.
We had a Japanese, but he has disappeared, unfortunately. (I have a
rarity in Japanese that I would like to be checked by a Japanese.)
> A Californian company produced a nice but expensive 7220 based
> ISA board for the PC called Sigma Dazzler in the early 80's and with
> a sufficiently expensive colour monitor it was magic to use. Few
> customers could afford the daughter board to do 256 colours, most
> settled for 16.
Personally, since nobody has managed, so far, to write a VGA screen
driver for CP/M-86, my conclusion is obvious: drop the wretched MC6845
and use Good Old 7220. The problem is finding such a rarity for the
IBM Clown. So, many thanks for mentioning this one.
Question: I found only one reference on the Internet about the "Sigma
Dazzler 1", but many about the "Sigma Color 400". What was it?
Yours Sincerely,
Mr. Emmanuel Roche, France
Martin Brown
>> A Californian company produced a nice but expensive 7220 based
>> ISA board for the PC called Sigma Dazzler in the early 80's and with
>> a sufficiently expensive colour monitor it was magic to use. Few
>> customers could afford the daughter board to do 256 colours, most
>> settled for 16.
>
> Personally, since nobody has managed, so far, to write a VGA screen
> driver for CP/M-86, my conclusion is obvious: drop the wretched MC6845
> and use Good Old 7220. The problem is finding such a rarity for the
> IBM Clown. So, many thanks for mentioning this one.
Look for a product called metawindows (portable VGA driver with higher
level interface and ISTR about a 100k footprint). Simtel archives might
have it if you are lucky. There is probably a Turbo/Objective Pascal or
M2 portable VGA driver that could be put onto CP/M-86 with only modest
effort.
>
> Question: I found only one reference on the Internet about the "Sigma
> Dazzler 1", but many about the "Sigma Color 400". What was it?
Definitely the Dazzler 1. I don't recall any higher numbered Dazzlers.
There was at least one other (even more expensive competitor). Their
Color 400 I think was some colour Hercules abomination with VGA clone
tendencies - early graphics cards post VGA were a real mess.
Windows took off by abstracting them and removing some of the pain!
Regards,
Martin Brown
Mr Emmanuel Roche, France
> Look for a product called metawindows
Found it! Seems the company is still alive but seems, obviously, to
make other things:
- The last "Newsletter" is dated 2001...
- The only articles mentioned are dated 1993 and 1994...
But I downloaded MWDEMO, and it runs.
Now, all I have to do is understand how its driver is working.
So, thank you very much for giving me yet another thing to do!
In exchange, if you are still interested in the NEC uPD7220 GDC, the
source code of one B&W driver is available at:
Go down to NCRGRAPH.ASM then enjoy!
lynchaj
Hi Bob! Did you ever locate your design information of your S-100
uPD7220 graphics board? If so, would you please contact me by email.
Making a uPD7220 would be a perfect application of the N8VEM S-100
prototyping board. If you find your information this would be a neat
project.
Speaking of the N8VEM S-100 prototyping board and S-100 backplane, I
am trying to put together a group purchase of PCBs. If I can get
enough committed buyers (20 S-100 prototyping boards and/or 10 S-100
backplanes) I think I can arrange a new manufacturing order. I am
guessing but I expect the final cost to be about $20 each or less plus
shipping. I have 8 S-100 prototyping boards and 4 S-100 backplanes
reserved already so we are a good portion of the way there.
Please keep looking for your S-100 uPD7220 design information. That
would be an invaluable find of historical information and certainly
worthy of preservation. There is precious little information
available on the uPD7220 and legacy designs.
David Chapman
Hi,
If anyone is still looking for a NECuPD7220 (40-pin ceramic DIP), I
have an unused one in my odd-IC collection which I'll never use. Sorry,
but I don't have any data sheet for it.
E-mail me if interested - I'm in London, England.
- Dave
David C.Chapman - Chartered Engineer. FIET. (dcch...@minda.co.uk)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ragooman
> Hi Bob! Did you ever locate your design information of your S-100
> uPD7220 graphics board? If so, would you please contact me by email.
>
> Making a uPD7220 would be a perfect application of the N8VEM S-100
> prototyping board. If you find your information this would be a neat
> project.
>
> Speaking of the N8VEM S-100 prototyping board and S-100 backplane, I
> am trying to put together a group purchase of PCBs. If I can get
> enough committed buyers (20 S-100 prototyping boards and/or 10 S-100
> backplanes) I think I can arrange a new manufacturing order. I am
> guessing but I expect the final cost to be about $20 each or less plus
> shipping. I have 8 S-100 prototyping boards and 4 S-100 backplanes
> reserved already so we are a good portion of the way there.
>
> Please keep looking for your S-100 uPD7220 design information. That
> would be an invaluable find of historical information and certainly
> worthy of preservation. There is precious little information
> available on the uPD7220 and legacy designs.
Hi Andrew,
I'm terribly sorry for the late reply.
I have only scanned 1/4 of the design manual so far. I haven't done
much over the holidays. But now I'm getting back into my projects and
will continue with this. I'm using that S-100 proto board I bought
from you to build a upd7220 proto and it will include color. The info
that I found online was always a monochrome design - even in the
design guide.
So I'm adding a 256 color RGB interface to this, since I like to use
RGB monitors - it's much sharper. The rest of the design is pretty
much straight forward. The bus interface is a simple I/O port
interface as with most other S-100 video cards. I didn't go crazy with
the memory size, I'm only putting in a row of 1Mbitx1 dram to make
1MB. This will give 640x200x8bpp which is alot for an 8bitter. I'm
trying to add another row of extra sockets to go up to 2MB to get
640x400x8bpp. The only other issue is whether to include some jumpers
on there to support the ieee-696 bus
I'm not using wire-wrap here, so the point-point wiring is cumbersome
and a long process - also I don't have a wirewrap gun anymore. My
schematics are on paper and still have to go into KiCad. But my
problem is once I can power this up, I'll only be able to use assembly
and the monitor to get this tested - maybe wriite a demo with Basic.
Thereafter, I wouldn't know what to do about CP/M, I was hoping that's
where you would come in. I only have CP/M 2.2 running here at the
moment. is that enough or do you need CP/M 3.0 to run this ?
Mr Emmanuel Roche, France
I think that you are "answering" a September 2009 message? (Better
late than never!)
As the owner, during 15 years, of an Epson QX-10, I react to your
sentence:
> The info that I found online was always a monochrome design
> - even in the design guide.
In case you have not looked up to your calendar, recently, we are in
2010, and the NEC uPD-7200 GDC was used by several CP/M microcomputers
sold in 1983. (Even in the USA! Ever heard about the USA? You know:
the little country near Haiti. The one with a third-world economy and
the Atomic Bomb, just like Russia.) One of them was the Epson QX-10.
And I have one of the only two color Epson QX-10 known to exist in
France.
(I have no idea how many were made, or sold in the USA.)
You are searching how to design a color graphics board? Why re-invent
the wheel? Why not re-use what Epson made for the QX-10?
> So I'm adding a 256 color RGB interface to this, since I like to use
> RGB monitors - it's much sharper.
As far as I know, no CP/M microcomputers used a RGB monitor.
Especially not a 256-color RGB screen, since the NEC uPD-7220 GDC can
only manage 8 colors...
As for the "it is much sharper" (a 256-color RGB screen), it is
obvious that you have never used an Epson QX-10. Me, it is the
reverse: I have never seen, so far, an IBM Clown screen as good as the
one of the Epson QX-10. In fact, if my eyesight continue to fall, I
will be obliged to go back to Good Old QX-10. Hence my quest for a TCP/
IP stack for CP/M.
> I didn't go crazy with the memory size, I'm only putting in a row
> of 1Mbitx1 dram to make 1MB. This will give 640x200x8bpp
> which is a lot for an 8bitter.
Hahaha! Ridiculous! Just search for "Epson QX-10", and see by yourself
what it was able to manage. At the time, I had better graphics than
the IBM Clown!
> I'm trying to add another row of extra sockets to go up to 2MB
> to get 640x400x8bpp.
2 MegaBytes??? To do what? As far as I remember, Epson was able to do
it with only 256 KiloBytes. Yes, Kilo: Not Mega, Giga, Tera, or Peta.
> But my problem is once I can power this up, I'll only be able
> to use assembly and the monitor to get this tested - maybe
> write a demo with BASIC.
Let me give you a dark, satanic secret: Microcomputers owners of NEC
uPD-7220 GDC-powered systems spent a lot of time writing graphics
programs, since their computers were more powerful than the wretched
IBM Clown. When the Atari 520ST appeared, several times, I invited
vocal fans at home: each time, they left very silent, after seeing
that my 8-bitter displayed 4 times more pixels and colors than their
16/24-bit "Super Whizzo". You want graphics demos? Start by running
the Epson QX-10 "Diagnostic Disk", and notice how similar to the GDC
programming manual the displays are... (I have seen the same figures
running under CP/M 2.2, CP/M-86, and MS-DOS! Since the graphics board
is totally separate from the motherboard and the CPU.)
> Thereafter, I wouldn't know what to do about CP/M.
Well, I am sorry that, in the comp.os.cpm Newsgroup, the last place on
Earth where CP/M fans gather, you "wouldn't know what to do about CP/
M"...
Maybe leave it alone?
(Since you are obviously a CP/M Newbie.)
(I *REALLY* wonder if I should give the following URLs:
http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/qx10/
http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/virtlibrary.html#qx10
(Should I mention the "Color Monitor Subboard"?)
If you are intelligent (something that I doubt highly), on this last
Web page, you should find "everything needed to produce graphics on an
8-bit system having a NEC uPD-7220 GDC.")
Mr Emmanuel Roche, France
to the Fred Jan Kraan Web page about the Epson QX-10 (one of my
favorite), and followed the last link: "The eXC-10 emulator" (at the
bottom), which should lead you to a new address:
http://homepage3.nifty.com/takeda-toshiya/
(Then click on the "eQC-10" - EPSON QC-10/QX-10 emulator for Win32.)
The last screen capture (at the bottom of the Web page) appears to be
the one displayed by Fred Jan on his QX-10 Web page.
However, what is really interesting is all the previous screen
captures, including what the characters looked like, in color...
(The "Display Attributes" screen capture is faulty: there is a
definite difference between "Normal" and "Intensified" displays. I
always used "Normal", so as not to burn the screen.)
(Fred Jan: You should seriously consider hosting those screen
captures, in a separate page, if needed, before they disappear.)
Peter Dassow
> bottom), which should lead you to a new address:
>
> http://homepage3.nifty.com/takeda-toshiya/
>
> (Then click on the "eQC-10" - EPSON QC-10/QX-10 emulator for Win32.)
I followed your explanations and I downloaded also the binaries.
I didn't get the QC10.EXE running, means I could start it, but the
screen is always black. Is that related with missing ROMs ?
I took the disk images from
http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/qx10/disklibrary.html
so I guess these are the right ones.
Regards
Peter
JosephKK
It seems to be an antique graphic display chip. Possibly similar to the
Motorola MC6845. Getting the right datasheet should not be hard.
Herbert Johnson
>
> > Hello, "Ragooman"!
>
> > I think that you are "answering" a September 2009 message? (Better
> > late than never!)
>
> > As the owner, during 15 years, of an Epson QX-10, I react to your
> > sentence:
>
> > Yours Sincerely,
> > Mr. Emmanuel Roche, France
On Jan 19, 6:01 pm, lynchaj <lync...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> Dan, Please let's continue this discussion via email. No meaningful work will be done here.
>
> Andrew Lynch
..and once again, Emmanuel Roche has destroyed another comp.os.cpm
discussion. I suggest those who respond to Roche, take notice of his
behavior, in his posts of the last several months; note the
consequences; and draw your own conclusions.
Herb Johnson
retrotechnology.com
All...@localhost.net
<roch...@laposte.net> wrote:
>Hello, "Ragooman"!
>
>I think that you are "answering" a September 2009 message? (Better
>late than never!)
>
>As the owner, during 15 years, of an Epson QX-10, I react to your
>sentence:
>
>> The info that I found online was always a monochrome design
>> - even in the design guide.
>
>In case you have not looked up to your calendar, recently, we are in
>2010, and the NEC uPD-7200 GDC was used by several CP/M microcomputers
>sold in 1983. (Even in the USA! Ever heard about the USA? You know:
>the little country near Haiti. The one with a third-world economy and
>the Atomic Bomb, just like Russia.) One of them was the Epson QX-10.
Oh yes France invaded how many times?
>And I have one of the only two color Epson QX-10 known to exist in
>France.
The average DEC (made in the USA) Rainbow 100 with graphics
module was 8 color.
>(I have no idea how many were made, or sold in the USA.)
>
>You are searching how to design a color graphics board? Why re-invent
>the wheel? Why not re-use what Epson made for the QX-10?
>
>> So I'm adding a 256 color RGB interface to this, since I like to use
>> RGB monitors - it's much sharper.
>
>As far as I know, no CP/M microcomputers used a RGB monitor.
>Especially not a 256-color RGB screen, since the NEC uPD-7220 GDC can
>only manage 8 colors...
Wrong! It can manage a lot more but at that time memory to do
630x480x256 cost a lot and it would be a few years before "cheap
under 400$" color monitors would appear.
NEC fed code to Epson from NEC Microcomputers USA, inc., back in 1982.
Also anyone else that wanted it.
It was in the uPD7220 Design Guide and also Technical Manual
supplied with the BP1000 multibus card supporting 7220GDC and 3
planes. The code was developed under CP/M-80 using MAC and
BDS C. It proved to be too slow and the CPU was upgraded to
an 8086@8mhz running CP/M-86.
I still have the Multibus crate I I built back then with a BP1000 in
it. It's part of my acient and slow 8080 machine collection.
>> Thereafter, I wouldn't know what to do about CP/M.
>
>Well, I am sorry that, in the comp.os.cpm Newsgroup, the last place on
>Earth where CP/M fans gather, you "wouldn't know what to do about CP/
>M"...
>
>Maybe leave it alone?
>
>(Since you are obviously a CP/M Newbie.)
>
>(I *REALLY* wonder if I should give the following URLs:
>
>http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/qx10/
>
>http://electrickery.xs4all.nl/comp/virtlibrary.html#qx10
>
>(Should I mention the "Color Monitor Subboard"?)
>
>http://www.cpm.z80.de/roche/
>
>If you are intelligent (something that I doubt highly), on this last
>Web page, you should find "everything needed to produce graphics on an
>8-bit system having a NEC uPD-7220 GDC.")
Mostly useless, seems the people wanted to make the board needed
to get to that step. You failed to notice that critical detail.
Since you know nothing of hardware by your own words you might
have learned something if you hadn't co-opted and killed the
conversation.
Allison
Mr Emmanuel Roche, France
It has been a while...
By the way, are you obliged, each time you write me, to display my e-
mail address in full?
> Roche...@laposte.net wrote:
Back to your message.
> >In case you have not looked up to your calendar, recently, we are in
> >2010, and the NEC uPD-7200 GDC was used by several CP/M microcomputers
> >sold in 1983. (Even in the USA! Ever heard about the USA? You know:
> >the little country near Haiti. The one with a third-world economy and
> >the Atomic Bomb, just like Russia.) One of them was the Epson QX-10.
>
> Oh yes France invaded how many times?
??? Are you drunk, Allison? Could you explain me, logically, how you
arrive to your sentence, starting from my sentence? What is the
relationship between a GDC and an invasion?
You must be lucky: this morning, at the news, they were saying that
Haitians, upon seeing American helicopters sitting on the ground of
their Presidencial palace, were very unhappy by this "invasion" (their
own words, in French, reported on Television and Radio). It seems that
the Americans militarily invaded Haiti in 1915 (and stayed there until
1934)... Apparently, the Haitians have a very bad memory of this time.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti
> The average DEC (made in the USA) Rainbow 100 with graphics
> module was 8 color.
Good remark. As I explained him, there were several CP/M
microcomputers using this GDC, at the time. He obviously did not made
his homework, and did not search in the microcomputer magazines
published at the time (or made an Internet search).
> Wrong! It can manage a lot more but at that time memory to do
> 630x480x256 cost a lot and it would be a few years before "cheap
> under 400$" color monitors would appear.
Really? Personally, I simply do not remember one CP/M microcomputer
using this GDC displaying more than 8 colors, and I have searched
quite a lot. The official NEC manuals, as far as I remember, also only
mentioned 8 colors. Do you have a reference?
Mr Emmanuel Roche, France
> Oh yes France invaded how many times?
The less that can be said is that I was surprised by her sentence.
At first, I was thinking that she thought about France invading some
country? This would be ridiculous, historically.
Then, I thought: "Maybe she thinks that France is invaded?"
Hahaha!
Such an ignorance!
But, upon thinking about it, I remembered that it is well-known that
Americans are ignorant. So, here is a small explanation.
The USA is isolated in North America, by the Atlantic Ocean on its
East Coast, and the Pacific Ocean on its West Coast. To the North,
they only have a small, English-speaking country: Canada. On the
South, they have a big, Spanish-speaking country: Mexico. Open a map
of the USA, and see by yourself the number of cities with Spanish
names, and the proportion of the USA taken by force from Mexico.
Without the exploitation of Mexican immigrants, the US economy would
collapse in a few days.
France, on the contrary, is at the crossroad of Europe. According to
Wikipedia, there are 500 Millions Europeans, versus only 300 Millions
Americans. Those Europeans, to do business, are obliged to cross
France. In Summer, when they take vacations, they are also obliged to
cross France, to go to the South: Spain, Italy, and Greece. In
Germany, they even have a saying: "To live in France like God".
According to Wikipedia, in 2007, 80 Millions persons vacationed in
France (population: 64 Millions), and 56 Millions in the USA. That's
56/300 = less than 20%, and 80/64 = 125% of the resident population.
So, is France invaded? Yes, of course! Each year, by Germans (among
others)!
No wonder, then, that the Americans are so ignorant, since they meet
so few foreigners.
All...@localhost.net
<roch...@laposte.net> wrote:
>Hello, Allison!
>
>It has been a while...
>
>By the way, are you obliged, each time you write me, to display my e-
>mail address in full?
I use Free Agent news browser and have set replies to use the authors
posting address.
>> Roche...@laposte.net wrote:
>
>Back to your message.
>
>> >In case you have not looked up to your calendar, recently, we are in
>> >2010, and the NEC uPD-7200 GDC was used by several CP/M microcomputers
>> >sold in 1983. (Even in the USA! Ever heard about the USA? You know:
>> >the little country near Haiti. The one with a third-world economy and
>> >the Atomic Bomb, just like Russia.) One of them was the Epson QX-10.
>>
>> Oh yes France invaded how many times?
>
>??? Are you drunk, Allison? Could you explain me, logically, how you
>arrive to your sentence, starting from my sentence? What is the
>relationship between a GDC and an invasion?
Ok, your went on a tirade about USA, it's in your post. so answer teh
same question what has that trash to do with anything in COM.OS.CPM?
Consider the reponse a reflection of you comment. Crude as it is the
irony and sarcasm of uit was totally lost on you if you had to ask
why.
You must be lucky: this morning, at the news, they were saying that
>Haitians, upon seeing American helicopters sitting on the ground of
>their Presidencial palace, were very unhappy by this "invasion" (their
>own words, in French, reported on Television and Radio). It seems that
>the Americans militarily invaded Haiti in 1915 (and stayed there until
>1934)... Apparently, the Haitians have a very bad memory of this time.
>
>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti
And that is still not relevent to the GDC. But you persist in missing
that and also the intent of the origingating authors of the general
thread who want to build a s100 board, not run a QX10.
>
>> The average DEC (made in the USA) Rainbow 100 with graphics
>> module was 8 color.
>
>Good remark. As I explained him, there were several CP/M
>microcomputers using this GDC, at the time. He obviously did not made
>his homework, and did not search in the microcomputer magazines
>published at the time (or made an Internet search).
>
>> Wrong! �It can manage a lot more but at that time memory to do
>> 630x480x256 cost a lot and it would be a few years before "cheap
>> under 400$" color monitors would appear.
>
>Really? Personally, I simply do not remember one CP/M microcomputer
>using this GDC displaying more than 8 colors, and I have searched
>quite a lot. The official NEC manuals, as far as I remember, also only
>mentioned 8 colors. Do you have a reference?
Considering even PCs having color was were not commonly seen till the
mid to late 80s at any color depth. No surprize but that means
nothing to existance only there being common.
Check out the Cromemco Dazzler Circa 1977 or the Matrox products.
Color board for S100 existed, most could be used as terminal displays.
Many of the Commemco systems supported that under CP/M and cromix.
The lack of CP/M machines doing Graphics never mind the costly color
is not surprizing. There was limited applications support and even
less affordable hardware. However there was the DEC GIGI (8080
machine that ran Basic in rom and in color. My own machine was a
VT125 graphic terminal with a BARCO color monitor. I also have the
rare VT185 (VT180 cpm upgrade) in a VT125 chassis. There was
also the PRO350 with CP/M APU that supported color. But cheap
was not a key word.
At that time most displays could only render 8 colors. They were
refered to Color TTL interface. Yes, NEC APnotes. The approach was
three 8bit planes each driving a DAC to the analog RGB channels. Very
costly as as you need enough ram to do X by Y times three of 8 or 16
bit wide memory. When that chip was released the 64Kx1 Dram
were new as well at $16US each. When you consider that a color RGB
monitor then was around $600US for one that could do 768x256 color was
costly and scarce.
Allison
All...@localhost.net
<roch...@laposte.net> wrote:
>Allison J. Parent wrote:
>
>> Oh yes France invaded how many times?
>
>The less that can be said is that I was surprised by her sentence.
>
>At first, I was thinking that she thought about France invading some
>country? This would be ridiculous, historically.
>
>Then, I thought: "Maybe she thinks that France is invaded?"
>
>Hahaha!
>
>Such an ignorance!
You missed the comment, it was France invaded, oui?
Now I stop here as you embarrass yourself and rave
off topic. Consider your chain pulled and you reactions
as usual wildly inappropriate.
Have a nice day and note how you have co-opted yet another topic.
Allison
Mr Emmanuel Roche, France
> You missed the comment, it was France invaded, oui?
Me, I repeat:
> Such an ignorance!
Let us compare 2 countries chosen at random: the USA and France.
You are talking about invasion?
I am a child of World War II: I grew up watching John Wayne films.
Could you tell me the names of the inhabitants of North America,
before "White Men" invaded them?
Now, let us study France:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotte_de_Lascaux
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotte_Chauvet
The first one is dated 15,000 to 18,000 years.
The second one is dated precisely 31,000 years (thanks to a fire).
If, one day, you open a History book (highly unlikely, since you are
American), you will see that our written history starts when Julius
Caesar conquered France.
The inhabitants of France, before that, learned by heart their
history, which was sacred, and forbidden to write it down: that's why
it did not survive. Everything was oral, in their culture.
But, however, one thing is absolutely sure: we are the direct
descendants of the Francs, Gauls, Celts, etc, until the man who
painted 31,000 years ago.
We were not exterminated ruthlessly by "White Men", us.
Why this obsession with invasion?
In the X and XI Centuries, the "Normands" ("Vikings") raided France
several times, until they settled in a North peninsula of France.
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normands
It is from there that William the Conqueror crossed the Channel to
conquer Brittany.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_of_England
I think that the descendants of his subjects went to conquer something
called "America"...
We have a 10 times longer written history than the USA, and everybody
knows that our ancestors came from Africa 100,000 years ago...
Except, maybe, one Allison...