The stumbling block in this instance is the obsolete Windows XP system,
which didn't come with "Media Transfer Protocol (MTP)" drivers already
installed - because MTP hadn't been invented when XP escaped.
Early Android systems (up to version 2.something I think) detect a
USB connection and offer the user 'charge only' or 'disk drive' (and
possibly 'sync' or 'tether' if the OEM included those features).
Choosing the 'disk drive' option would make the Android device 'unmount'
its MicroSD card and make it available to the computer as a 'USB
external storage device'; when the computer had finished with it and
unmounted it ('you may now safely remove your device') you could unplug
the phone, which would then check its MicroSD card and if possible
re-mount it and make the contents available on the phone again.
But computers can do /all sorts/ of things to external storage devices,
and Android phones also like to do interesting things with them
(especially if they use them as extensions to built-in storage) so you
could really mess up your Android phone if you weren't careful. That's
why MTP is now used instead; the computer has no access to the phone's
MicroSD card at all - all it can do is read and write files via the
phone's own operating system, which should make it much harder for the
human to muck anything up beyond the point at which 'nothing works'.