This happened to me on Android 4.4.2. I got the microphone back. I
don't know if 4.2 is the same, but maybe it is. Try this:
Go to Settings->Language & Input and make sure Google Voice Typing is
checked.
I know you've done that, but that's just half of what needs to be done.
Then touch Language, and select English. Without that, I think the
program still won't give you the microphone because it has to know what
language you're using before it can transcribe voice.
If you see an 'Auto' option for language, you can experiment with it,
but I don't think it will work. I think you need to use 'English'.
If that works or fails, let us know.
I got voice typing back by a much more circuitous route but I think the
above is all I really had to do.
The above advice came from a fellow name H Pham on the Yahoo Tracfone
Users group. If this works, he's the guy who deserves the credit. If
it doesn't work I'll tell you the terrible way I got it working, which
involved downloading Google Translate.
One way or another, I'm pretty sure it will work and I think it very
likely that it's a configuration problem, not a problem with needing to
download software. I think my downloading Google Translate caused
Google Translate to set the right configuration settings for me. I
don't think the software itself was needed.
Alan