UPDATE:
Given privacy-based solutions specifically don't _use_ the cloud, it's
interesting that, despite perhaps MARKETING claims to the contrary...
o *Extremely few data sync, backup, or merge issues actually "need" the cloud*
For starters, there are so many ways to copy files, it isn't funny:
1. *CIFS* (eg Folder Tag, Network Browser, ES File Explorer, etc.)
2. *SMB* (eg AndSMB, Astro, Total Commander, MiXplorer, etc.)
3. *FTP* (eg PrimitiveFTP, FTPUse, FTP Server, WinSCP, FileZilla, etc.)
4. *HTTP* (eg Wifi Explorer, WiFi File Transfer, etc.)
5. *Sync* (eg MyPhoneExplorer, AirDroid, Psencik LocalSync, etc.)
6. *MTP* (e.g., libMTP, MTP, Android Studio adb, etc.)
7. *Proprietary* (e.g., KDEConnect, ResilioSync, SyncMe Wireless, etc.)
(Note: I've tested _all_ these programs, and written reviews elsewhere.)
As for optimizing and merging duplicate contacts, there are also so many
solutions for that it isn't funny, where those solutions range from Android
apps to using Outlook & Excel (importing & exporting as CSV quite easily).
<
https://i.postimg.cc/8cFn3D7r/contact03.jpg>
For privacy reasons, I put nothing on the cloud that I don't need to.
o Particularly my contacts which contain other people's data
Where I consider it quite rude that plenty of other people not only put my
contact information on the cloud, but also that of my kids & grandkids.
For those same privacy reasons, most here know I don't use apps from Google
except at gunpoint... nor do I use GSF based apps if I can help it; but
interestingly, the stock Contacts app from Google "apparently" can do
merging all by itself (which others can confirm or deny as I don't use it):
o Merge duplicate contacts
<
https://support.google.com/contacts/answer/7078226?co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid>
Understandably those who care about privacy wouldn't want to use stock
Google apps, even for contacts merging, but the stock google contact app
merging capability does seem to be the case based on this article also:
o How to merge & remove duplicate contacts
<
https://www.techspot.com/article/1408-android-merge-duplicate-contacts/>
And based on this article also, the default contacts app merges contacts:
o How to Delete or Merge Duplicate Contacts
<
https://www.tunesbro.com/merge-duplicate-contacts-android.html>
For those of us who abhor the stock Google contacts app, there are other
apps which will optimize & merge contacts, as explained in this article:
o How to Merge Duplicate Contacts
<
https://www.maketecheasier.com/merge-duplicate-contacts-android/>
Which suggests this freeware which even works from your notification bar:
o *Merge +*, by Contacts Plus team
<
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.contapps.android.merger>
But Merge+ has ads & is not GSF independent so I personally would deprecate
it; but most people don't seem to aim for ad-free GSF-free apps like I do.
Interestingly, though, I'm not the only one who shuns the cloud for syncing
contacts among all my devices on my own private LAN over Wi-Fi...
For example, this article talks about the file-based use model I espouse:
o *Manage, Delete & Merge Duplicate Contacts*
<
https://www.droidviews.com/manage-and-merge-duplicate-contacts-on-android/>
"On Android your contacts are usually synced to Google so that anytime
you log in with your Google ID on a new phone, all your contacts are
there. Yet, you also have the option to create local backups in the form
of .vcf files. This can result in a number of duplicate contacts.
Luckily, it gives you options to manage, delete and merge duplicate
contacts on Android and iOS devices."
Notice they use a similar privacy-based non-cloud use model as I do, where,
for privacy reasons that are impossible on iOS devices, I don't even have a
Google Account set up on my Android phone (and the phone works just fine
without it).
To that point about privacy, that article cited above says:
"If you don't store your contacts on your Google ID but instead use your
device's local storage...[they] recommend using the app called
Contacts Optimizer..."
Readers will note I already listed this app in the opening post, but after
testing, I threw it away as it was asking for money but it's useful for
others to note the full version claims to perform the following tasks:
o Remove all duplicates and even find similar contacts
o Every individual optimization function at your fingertips
o Edit Contacts feature with Move to account function
o Mass move of selected contacts between accounts
o Move all contacts - a powerful function for moving contacts between accounts.
o You can combine your contacts from Phone Memory to Google to have them all synchronized and then find and delete all duplicates.
o The ability to quickly delete individual contacts you no longer need
o Correct and nicely format phone numbers
o Locate potentially incorrect contacts which cannot be dialed
o Find all incomplete contacts that have an important contact field empty
o Clean contacts removing empty fields
o Add international prefixes and country codes where needed
o Merge contact fragments into one rich contact
o Locate contacts in your messages and calls that have not yet been saved
o Digitizing of vanity numbers like 1-800-MY-GOOGLE
o Edit, Delete, Select all or unselect all contacts at any time, just tap and hold the contact
etc.
In summary, please note that there's almost never a need to put your
private data on the cloud, where, for contacts, there are two fundamental
privacy-based local 'sync' models, both of which work just fine:
a. Maintain "Master" contacts on the PC (e.g., via Excel or Outlook).
b. Sync local contacts across your local LAN at any time you desire.
--
Putting private data on the cloud is not only rude, but wholly unnecessary.