[SOLUTION] (#74) Markov Chain
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## Sergey Volkov
## Ruby Quiz #74 - Markov Chain
#
## Very straightforward implementation of Markov Chain Engine.
## MCE object is populated with sequence of items using MCE#<<;
## MCE#gen methods generates next random item based on Markov Chain
## model for collected items;
## To clean internal history, use
## MCE#input_history.clean (next MCE#<< starts new chain);
## MCE#output_history.clean (next MCE#gen returns first element in
chain);
#
## Quiz solution creates two MCE objects with order 3 and
## populates them with 'word chars' and 'word strings' from input.
## Spaces (\s+) are used to separate words.
#
## Each MCE object is then used to generate 32 words + words to
complete
## sentence, and print them using very simple line formatting;
#
## SRAND env var, if set, is used to re-set rand function to allow
## reproduce the same result.
#
## Sample output generated from "The Hound of the Baskervilles"
## by Arthur Conan Doyle
(http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext01/bskrv11.txt)
## presented at the end.
#
#
## Helper object: limited length list
class ListN < Array
attr_reader :max_length
def initialize( maxlen )
@max_length = maxlen.to_i
end
def << e
super
shift while size > @max_length
self
end
end
#
## Markov Chain Engine
class MCE
# order specifies max history length
def initialize( order=2 )
@history_continuations = Hash.new{ |h,k| h[k] = Hash.new(0) }
@input_history = ListN.new order
@output_history = ListN.new order
@items = Hash.new(0)
end
#
## Readers
attr_reader :input_history, :output_history, :items
def order
@input_history.max_length
end
#
## Add new item;
## increments history continuation counter for the given item,
## adds item to the history;
def << item
@history_continuations[ @input_history.dup ][ item ] += 1
@input_history << item
@items[ item ] += 1
self
end
#
## Generate next item based on the current history;
def gen
until @output_history.empty? || @history_continuations.key?(
@output_history )
@output_history.shift
end
# history contunuation counters table
contunuations = @history_continuations[ @output_history ]
# number of all possible continuations
r = contunuations.values.inject(0){ |sum, val| val+sum }
# select random continuation (key from hash)
r, item = rand(r), nil
contunuations.each{ |key, val|
if (r -= val) < 0
# add item to output history
@output_history << ( item = key )
break
end
}
item
end
end
if $0 == __FILE__
# use srand to reproduce result
puts "SRAND=#{SRAND}" if SRAND = ENV["SRAND"]
# use default input file ./bskrv11.txt if it exists
ARGV << "bskrv11.txt" if ARGV.empty? && File.exist?( "bskrv11.txt" )
txtsrc = ARGV[0]||'STDIN'
#
## read text from file if given, $stdin otherwise
text = ARGF.read.chomp!
puts "=== Input from #{txtsrc}: #{text[0..9]}.. [#{text.size}]
..#{text[-10..-1]}"
#
## min number of words to generate;
## complete sentence and stop output after this number of words;
$words_to_generate = 32
#
## simple formatter helper
$line_width=72
class << $stdout
def puts *args
super
@col = 0
end
def putw word
word = word.to_s
@col ||= 0
if @col + (@col>0?1:0) + word.size >= $line_width
self.puts if @col>0 # line break
elsif @col > 0
self.print ' '
@col += 1
end
self.print word
@col += word.size
end
attr_reader :col
end
# redefine Kernel methods
# (default implementation does not work - why?)
def putw *args
$stdout.putw( *args )
end
def puts *args
$stdout.puts( *args )
end
#
## build MCE for characters
mce = MCE.new( 3 )
ccnt = 0
## collect all word characters
text.scan( /\S+/ ){ |w|
ccnt += w.size+1
w.each_byte{ |b| mce << b }
mce << ?\ # add space as word separator
}
puts "=== #{ccnt} chars collected"
word, n = '', $words_to_generate
srand SRAND.to_i if SRAND
while ch = mce.gen # get next char from MCE
unless ch == ?\ # word collected
word << (ch = ch.chr)
next
end
putw word
n -= 1
if word =~ /[.!?]$/ && n <= 0
puts unless $stdout.col == 0
break
end
word = ''
end
mce = nil # free memory
puts "==="
#
## build MCE for words
mce = MCE.new( 3 )
wcnt = 0
## collect all words
text.scan( /\S+/ ){ |w|
w.gsub!( /["(\[\])"]/, '' )
unless w.empty?
wcnt += 1
mce << w
end
}
puts "=== #{wcnt} words collected"
n = $words_to_generate
srand SRAND.to_i if SRAND
while word = mce.gen # get word char from MCE
putw word
n -= 1
if word =~ /[.!?]$/ && n <= 0
puts unless $stdout.col == 0
break
end
end
mce = nil
puts "==="
end
__END__
#
## Sample execution log:
$ SRAND=200604 ruby -w MCEngine.rb bskrv11.txt
SRAND=200604
=== Input from bskrv11.txt: The Hound .. [329000] .. the way?"
=== 316203 chars collected
The and to have then morning swate is seems fronelividented to Lond
able prom dogs on the new the clock was I could I could stops the it,
he mon; burge. And deceivated the into the on helped.
===
=== 59140 words collected
The Hound of the Baskervilles was not extinct in this their last
representative. Meanwhile, said he, I have hardly had time to answer,
Baskerville seized me by the hand and wrung it heartily.
===
Dave Burt
> #
> ## Sergey Volkov
> ## Ruby Quiz #74 - Markov Chain
Interesting.
(I'm posting here because the original Quiz question apparently didn't
make it to c.l.r here.)
I don't have time to write a solution at the moment, but this reminds me
of Quiz 21, Phone Typing -- in fact, solutions to #21 provide another
way of generating meaningful or at least pronounceable garbage
sentences; both the "standard" word-oriented tapper and the one I
implemented that picks the most likely letter. With both of these, you
can just tap random keys and end up with words and sentences.
Cheers,
Dave