Help needed - function apparently global cannot be called.
Ian Hobson
This has me beat. Has anyone any ideas about what might be going wrong?
This is code from within a windows service (hence no print statements -
no sys.stdout to print on!).
I am trying to trace through to find where the code is not working. No
stdout so I have to log to a file.
I have the following code fragments.
def log(message):
f = open('d:\logfile.txt','a')
f.write(message + "\n")
f.close()
from DelNotePrinter import DelNotePrinter
note the order of the above - log is defined before the import.
Later in the source I have
log('disPrint is:'+disPrint)
log('count is:'+count)
log(repr(DelNotePrinter))
printer = DelNotePrinter(disPrint,int(count))
The DelNotePrinter.py file cannot us log even though it is declared
as global. The code is...
# coding=utf8
# DelNotePrinter = code to print delivery notes
assorted imports removed for space reasons
class DelNotePrinter(object):
''' Print Delivery Note on A5 in portrait '''
def __init__(self,printer,copies):
''' create printer and painter '''
global font,sm,log
log('DelNotePrinter: starting')
self.printer = QPrinter(QPrinter.HighResolution)
etc
The file the log writes contains..
disPrint is:HP Deskjet 6940 series
count is:1
<class 'DelNotePrinter.DelNotePrinter'>
The > is followed by a newline and end of file! Where is the
DelNotePrinter: starting message?
If I replace the opening of __init__ with
global font,sm,log
f = open('d:\logfile.txt','a')
f.write('DelNotePrinter: starting' + "\n")
f.close()
self.printer = QPrinter(QPrinter.HighResolution)
then the message IS written to the log file.
I have read http://docs.python.org/reference/simple_stmts.html#global
very carefully and I still don't understand.
Regards
Ian
p.s. There are no trackbacks, no events on the event log, and no error
messages I have been able to find. When run as a script (not a service)
DelNotePrinter does produce the expected printout.
Bruno Desthuilliers
> Hi all you experts,
>
> This has me beat. Has anyone any ideas about what might be going wrong?
>
> This is code from within a windows service (hence no print statements -
> no sys.stdout to print on!).
>
> I am trying to trace through to find where the code is not working. No
> stdout so I have to log to a file.
Then you'd be better using the logging module from the stdlib. And FWIW,
you should try to make you code testable in a non-service context...
> I have the following code fragments.
>
> def log(message):
> f = open('d:\logfile.txt','a')
> f.write(message + "\n")
> f.close()
>
> from DelNotePrinter import DelNotePrinter
<OT>
The convention is to use all_lower_names for modules - having modules
and classes with the same (case-sensitive) name can be very misleading.
</OT>
> note the order of the above - log is defined before the import.
And ? Do you think it will affect the imported module in any way ? Like,
say, magically "inject" your log function in the DelNotePrinter module ?-)
> Later in the source
Where ?
> I have
>
> log('disPrint is:'+disPrint)
> log('count is:'+count)
Do yourself a favor and learn string formating...
> log(repr(DelNotePrinter))
> printer = DelNotePrinter(disPrint,int(count))
> The DelNotePrinter.py file cannot us log even though it is declared
> as global.
In Python, "global" means "module-level", and it's only necessary when
you want to rebind a module-level name from within a function or method.
The code is...
>
> # coding=utf8
> # DelNotePrinter = code to print delivery notes
> assorted imports removed for space reasons
Some of these imports surely explain why you don't just get a NameError
when trying to call log() - wild guess : you have some "from xxx import
*" statement that does import another callable named 'log'.
> class DelNotePrinter(object):
> ''' Print Delivery Note on A5 in portrait '''
> def __init__(self,printer,copies):
> ''' create printer and painter '''
> global font,sm,log
> log('DelNotePrinter: starting')
> self.printer = QPrinter(QPrinter.HighResolution)
If you want to access a name (function, class, whatever) defined in
another module, you have to explicitely import it.
>
> The file the log writes contains..
> disPrint is:HP Deskjet 6940 series
> count is:1
> <class 'DelNotePrinter.DelNotePrinter'>
>
> The > is followed by a newline and end of file! Where is the
> DelNotePrinter: starting message?
We can't tell - but you can get at least some hint, cf below
> If I replace the opening of __init__ with
> global font,sm,log
> f = open('d:\logfile.txt','a')
> f.write('DelNotePrinter: starting' + "\n")
> f.close()
> self.printer = QPrinter(QPrinter.HighResolution)
>
> then the message IS written to the log file.
Obviously, yes. Now please add this to your code:
class DelNotePrinter(object):
''' Print Delivery Note on A5 in portrait '''
def __init__(self,printer,copies):
''' create printer and painter '''
global font,sm,log
f = open('d:\logfile.txt','a')
f.write('DelNotePrinter: starting' + "\n")
# check what "log" is bound to in the currrent namespace
f.write(
"DelNotePrinter : log is '%s' from '%s'" % (
log, log.__module__
))
f.close()
self.printer = QPrinter(QPrinter.HighResolution)
> I have read http://docs.python.org/reference/simple_stmts.html#global
> very carefully and I still don't understand.
The statement definition makes no sense if you don't understand
namespaces and bindings:
http://docs.python.org/reference/executionmodel.html#naming-and-binding
Bruno Desthuilliers
(snip)
you may also want to read the recent "using modules" thread...
Stefan Schwarzer
On 2010-09-07 12:18, Ian Hobson wrote:
> f = open('d:\logfile.txt','a')
Just a note: Using a backslash in a non-raw string will get
you in trouble as soon as the backslash is followed by a
character which makes a special character sequence, like "\n".
For example,
f = open('d:\nice_filename.txt', 'a')
will give surprising results. :-) Either double the
backslash, use a raw string, or, in the special case of
file system paths, possibly use a forward slash.
Stefan