How long does x86 PAUSE last ?

[Bonita Montero]

Years ago I wrote a mutex that allows multiple read accesses
or exclusive write access. Instead, I use limited configurable
spinning. Each spinning interval has an x86 PAUSE instruction
to conserve power and not suffocate other threads on the core.
This got me wondering how long a PAUSE instruction takes on
different x86 CPUs. That's why I wrote a small test C++20
program that you can try out. Here it is:

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <cstdint>
#include <utility>
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <intrin.h>
#else
#include <x86intrin.h>
#endif

using namespace std;
using namespace chrono;

void pauseLoop( size_t count )
{
auto unroll = []<size_t ...Indices>( index_sequence<Indices ...>, auto fn )
{
(fn.template operator ()<Indices>(), ...);
};
for( ; count >= 10; count -= 10 )
unroll( make_index_sequence<10>(), [&]<size_t I>() { _mm_pause(); } );
while( count-- )
_mm_pause();
}

int main()
{
using hrc_tp = time_point<high_resolution_clock>;
static size_t const TURNS = 100'000'000;
hrc_tp start = high_resolution_clock::now();
pauseLoop( TURNS );
double ns = (int64_t)duration_cast<nanoseconds>(
high_resolution_clock::now() - start ).count() / (double)TURNS;
cout << ns << "ns" << endl;
}

Agners tables give not values for all CPUs. My Skylake Linux PC
has a latency of 42ns per instruction, my Zen4 Windows PC has a
latency of 12ns.

[Bonita Montero]

And can tell me someone a reliable way to check for asm("yield")
capabilities with compiler-specific macros with g++ and clang++ ?
It should be verifiable with Godbolt.