Are you referring to recover database using backup controlfile?
Information about to which point a recovery needs to be done in
order to get a consistent database is located in the controlfile(s).
If you have lost your controlfile(s) for whatever reason, it is possible
to recover with an old controlfile, using the above statement.
AFAIK, the data will then be used from the datafiles (which do contain
the same information), not the controlfile.