What's the economic importance of Makapuno coconut ?
Espi
I have been reading the discussion going on about Makapuno
Regards,
Shree Padre
Journalist
Post Vaninagar 671 552
Via: Perla - Kerala
Phone : 04998 - 266148 (R)
E-mail : shree...@gmail.com
Web : www.farmedia.org/profiles/Padre.html
www.rainwaterharvesting.org/People/RuralJY.htm#shre
www.goodnewsindia.com/Pages/content/conservation/shreePadre.html
_________________________________________
Harvest Rain; It is one way of loving thy neighbor !_________________________________________
Inday Rillo
Be a better sports nut! Let your teams follow you with Yahoo Mobile. Try it now.
Espi
Shree Padre
Water Journalist
Post Vaninagar
Via: Perla - Kerala, 671 552
Phone : 04998 - 266148
E-mail : shree...@gmail.com
Web : http://www.farmedia.org/profiles/Padre.html
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/People/RuralJY.htm#shre
http://www.goodnewsindia.com/Pages/content/conservation/shreePadre.html
http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar212006/spectrum1554472006320.asp
http://www.farmedia.org/adikepatrike.html
http://www.civilsocietyonline.com/Sept07/sep077.asp
_________________________
Jal hai to kal hai
_________________________
Hengky Novarianto
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Inday Rillo
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Roland BOURDEIX
Dear Hengky,
As you have plenty of small islands in Indonesia, do you think it should be useful to create a new "Makapuno island" in your country?
If I well understand Dr. Erlinda P. Rillo, even in the Thai Makapuno Island, where all the palms planted are Makapuno, not all the coconut produced are of Makapuno type. It remains a few percent of normal coconut able to germinate, and to give new Makapuno palms.
I think the company has a simple method to distinguish the Makapuno nuts from the normal nuts without opening these nuts. May be somebody from the Philippines could tell us; may be the method is simply to shake the fruit; if you listen a sound of water, this is not a Makapuno nut. May be a method based on density (floating or not in a liquid, for instance) can be used to separate Makapuno from normal fruits (like for chessnuts).
So the company probably discard all normal fruits before sending its production to customers. But could these normal fruits be used as seedlings for producing Makapuno palms?
I think this is completely different from the story of germinating Makapuno. A few years back, the Makapuno Island Company received a complaint from one of their customers that one of their 100-percent guaranteed Makapuno fruits germinated. The owner investigated and upon opening the fruit, it turned out to be Makapuno. This seems to be confirmed, but the stability of this new putative mutation remains to be checked by studiing the progeny of these Makapuno germinating fruits.
In Polynesia also, like in India, Makapuno fruits, known as "Pia", are not appreciated by local people. But this can change with time, and we must conserve all the Makapuno-like varieties existing in the world.
Kind regards
Roland
--
passerelle antivirus du campus CNRS de Montpellier
--
Hengky Novarianto
Inday Rillo
Hengky Novarianto <hengkyno...@yahoo.com> wrote:
Be a better pen pal. Text or chat with friends inside Yahoo! Mail. See how.
Roland Bourdeix
Ne gardez plus qu'une seule adresse mail ! Copiez vos mails vers Yahoo! Mail
Hengky Novarianto
Hugh Harries
Please accept my apology for disagreeing with you rather strongly, but
I feel that using Google Earth to choose islands as conservation
locations can be compared to one of the worst excesses of colonial
imperialism - when Queen Victoria and the Kaiser drew those lines on a
map of Africa that nowadays divide Kenya from Tanzania (the Queen very
kindly gave her cousin the bit that contained Mount Kilimanjaro as a
birthday present).
Or, on a lighter note, it is like the method attributed to the United
Fruit company consultants choosing locations in Latin America for
banana plantations. They would fly over the potential areas in a light
aeroplane, drinking a bottle of whisky. When the bottle was empty they
would throw it out and watch it fall. If it smashed when it hit the
ground the area was unsuitable, and they would open another bottle of
whisky. Eventually they would see one empty bottle bounce and could
report that the area was OK for bananas! As a whisky drinking, former
consultant myself, I have some sympathy for that method.
Like the Queen, the Kaiser and too many consultants, you assume that
the people already living in the selected spot will see things the way
you do. But consider, for a moment, the restrictions you will have to
place on their activities - especially if you expect them to grow just
the one type of coconut that you have selected to conserve - which
they cannot replace with one that may be more suited to their needs.
There has to be a better way of using the sort of facilities that
Google, and others, are making available on the world wide web. Our
colleagues, Drs Samosir and Rethinam, have both already suggested that
a Global Coconut Research Institute is needed. So, perhaps this is a
good time to propose a Google Coconut Research Initiative?
Anyway, don't let me discourage anyone for testing out their ideas, as
you have done. It is by open discussion that ideas can be tested and
polished before being implemented.
But more about that to follow.
Hugh
====
Roland BOURDEIX
Dear Hengky,
I am replying to your message given below, related to a possible “Kopior island” in Indonesia, and generally the use of small islands to conserve coconut germplasm.
Yes, I think it will be useful to use small islands to conserve and disseminate the Kopior variety in Indonesia, and even to conserve some more other traditional coconut varieties. This should be done on the smallest island, by planting a single variety on each islet. Once islolated on a small island, the coconut palms planted there only reproduce by crossing together, and it become easy to produce cheap and true-to-type seednuts.
And Yes again, the "Kepulauan Seribu" (in English is a Thousand islands) near Jakarta, could be an excellent place for planting some islets with well identified coconut varieties ; because this place is close to economic activities and political stakeholders.
Now may I ask my question : I tried to locate the "Kepulauan Seribu" islands using the Google Earth software. You will find below the satellite image I obtained. Is it the rigth place ? The satellite image given by Google Earth is infortunately blur. Do you know other information resources (on internet, or even maps) where I could have a better view of these "Kepulauan Seribu" Islands ? It is very interesting.
Kind regards,
Roland
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de Hengky Novarianto
Envoyé : vendredi 16 novembre 2007 01:40
À : coc...@googlegroups.com
Objet : [Coconut:1403] Re: What's the economic importance of Makapuno coconut ?
passerelle antivirus du campus CNRS de Montpellier
--
Roland BOURDEIX
We do not choose Islands on Google Earth; we could use this software to make a first selection of islets that are interesting for our purposes, both from the geographic point of view (enough small and enougth insulated islands), and from the ecology point of view (Coconut palms already growing there). Then come all the social aspects, of course, and they are the most important.
"The worst excesses of colonial imperialism" When reading that, I am very surprised... Impossible, indeed, to make such a project without a strong collaboration of the local people using these small islets. My experiences in French Polynesia have shown that, in fact local people, "ordinary citizen" and NGO's are often more interested by this kind f project than local scientists and administrative responsible. Because the germplasm is not kept in a governmental bank, the germplasm becomes directly under control of "ordinary people"...
Kind regards,
Roland
-----Message d'origine-----
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de Hugh Harries
Envoyé : lundi 19 novembre 2007 22:50
À : coc...@googlegroups.com
Objet : [Coconut:1416] Re: An example of "perfect" Indonesian island for coconut conservation
Dear Roland and Hengky
Hugh
====
--
Hugh Harries
Gerry Santos very generously called you "the two best minds in coconut breeding" (thereby ruling himself out - unless he meant "two OF the best minds in coconut breeding").
So when you use any map why not make a note of the latitude and longitude information (for the island in you picture 6°S and 106°E) and then look these up in a nautical almanac, the essential yearly reference work for navigation at sea using a sextant. It is carried on every ship of the Royal Navy and on many merchant vessels and private yachts around the world. It is a joint publication of HM Nautical Almanac Office and the United States Naval Observatory. Editions currently in print: [The Nautical Almanac 2007]
Just a suggestion, courtesy of GCRI² (the Global Coconut Research Institute's Google Coconut Research Initiative).
Hugh
====
Roland BOURDEIX
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de Hugh Harries
Envoyé : jeudi 22 novembre 2007 12:37
À : coc...@googlegroups.com
Objet : [Coconut:1427] Re: Indonesian islets "Kepulauan Seribu" for germplasm conservation ?
Hugh
There is a copy of the 2007 volume in the reference section of my
local public library and I can go there about midday tomorrow (Friday)
to look at it. Not being a seaman I have only ever seen these books on
the shelf, and I have not looked inside before, so I hope I can find
the information for you.
I haven't found any links to on-line versions but it can only be a
matter of time before there is an electronic option. But the islands
in the book don't get out of date quickly so it should be possible to
find a used copy from a nautical or second-hand book shop. Try L'EAU
BLEUE. 192 RUE F. MISTRAL BP 116 34280 - LA GRANDE MOTTE Tél. : 04 67
56 70 23 Fax : 04 67 56 02 92 http://www.eaubleue.com
Or Amazon.com Nautical Almanac (Nautical Almanac (Commercial
Edition)) by United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (This is a new
Admiralty publication following the recent transfer of HM Nautical
Almanac Office to the UK Hydrographic Office) Paperback - 2 Oct 2007)
Buy new: £15.50 11 Used & new from £8.56.
Bon voyage
Hugh
On Nov 22, 11:46 am, "Roland BOURDEIX" <Roland.BOURD...@cefe.cnrs.fr>
wrote:
>
> Does This nautical almanac exist on Internet, or only as a paper book ?
>
> Kind regards
>
> Roland
>
> ________________________________
>
> De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de Hugh Harries
> Envoyé : jeudi 22 novembre 2007 12:37
> À : coc...@googlegroups.com
> Objet : [Coconut:1427] Re: Indonesian islets "Kepulauan Seribu" for germplasm conservation ?
>
> Dear Roland and Hengky
>
> Gerry Santos very generously called you "the two best minds in coconut breeding" (thereby ruling himself out - unless he meant "two OF the best minds in coconut breeding").
>
Hengky Novarianto
Roland BOURDEIX
Dear all,
How to name a coconut cultivar ?
For a consistent and scientific approach, standardized international names and abbreviations are requested for describing coconut varieties. Each variety should have a unique international name, a unique international abbreviation and, of course, as many synonyms as people want.
When developing the Coconut genetic resources database (CGRD), I spent about 6 months working with Cogent countries, asking local researchers to choose international names and international abbreviation for their cultivars. This work was conducted in Brazil, Côte d’Ivoire, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, The Philippines, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Vietnam.
Then all the names given by local researchers were collaboratively inputted in the CGRD database. Synonyms were also inputted, as the software give the opportunity to input 3 synonyms for each coconut cultivar.
The International Coconut Cultivar Authority provides a list of common names for coconut varieties, as it indicated in the Ecoport internet site[1]. This list includes also synonyms : the same coconut variety may be described in this list by using different names.
In the Cogent book “Coconut genetic resources”, and in the chapter “Useful definitions of terms and nomenclature” (Bourdeix et al., 2005), we have defined what are a “coconut cultivar”[2] and a “Population and variant”[3]. Some examples of how to name Coconut cultivars and population are given p. 10. I give more example thereunder:
Cultivar or Variety :
West African Tall (WAT), Rarumis Tall (RART), Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD), PiliPog Green Dwarf (PILD).
Population:
Nicobar Tall Katchal (NICT02); West African Tall Ouidah (WAT06).
This last population belongs to the « West African Tall » cultivar, because it is closely related to the first « West African Tal »l described in Côte d’Ivoire. But as WAT06 produces fruits that are a little bigger than WAT, and as WAT06 comes from another country, it was decided to name it as another population of WAT, and not as a new separate cultivar.
Variant: Makapuno (Philippines), Dikiri (Sri Lanka), Spicata (different
countries), Nawasi (Sri Lanka), Nim (Thailand)
Please avoid, for instance, naming a cultivar “Spicata tall”. There is many very different tall cultivars were Spicata variants are found; a “Spicata tall” from India and a “Spicata tall” from Samoa are different cultivars. Please also avoid naming a coconut cultivar “West Coast tall” or “East Coast tall”, as there are many countries enjoying a West or an East coast, and this is not informative for an international name.
For instance, when I visited India in 2000, the CPCRI researchers have chosen to name their “Spicata” variant : “Indian West Coast Tall Spicata (WCT01)”, so it is a population of the cultivar “Indian West Coast Tall” (WCT).
The international abbreviation is composed of 3 to 4 letters (MYD, VTT, AROD) plus 2 optional two numeric codes. The last letter is a “D” for dwarf cultivars and a “T” for Tall cultivars. The two numeric codes are coding for population if required : Dau Tall Phu My, (DAUT02) ; Malayan Yellow Dwarf Kulasekharam (MYD01).
The CGRD list of international name of coconut cultivars and population was already sent to both Cogent and the internet coconut forums.
May we suggest the Cogent network and Google group to publish this list in its internet site, together with a short guideline untitled ‘how to name a coconut cultivar”.
In order to prepare the short guideline about naming coconut cultivars, the following is extracted from the book “Coconut : a guide to traditional and improved varieties” (R. Bourdeix & al., 2005).
“How are the different coconut varieties named? A few kilometers apart, two different varieties may sometimes be given the same name. Conversely, some varieties have many different names. In the Tonga islands, there are even villages in which the women and men use a different name to mean the same coconut palm!
But now, each variety is given a unique international name. The name, in English, usually consists of the type, Dwarf or Tall, to which a geographical or cultural reference is added. For varieties of uniform colour, that too is usually mentioned. One thus finds Malayan Yellow Dwarf and Madang Brown Dwarf (Madang is a town in Papua New Guinea).”
Kind regards,
Roland
[2] Cultivar: ‘Cultivated variety’ is defined as a group of individuals or plants having similar traits that can reproduce “true-to-type” in the natural (sexual) way from generation to generation.
[3] “Population and variant”: This can be considered as similar in connotation and would refer to a group of individuals obtained from a cultivar. Population refers to any subgroup located in a restricted location, such as one island, atoll or continuous strip of coastline. Variant is narrower than that in the sense that members of the group exhibit a specific trait as stated below”
Roland BOURDEIX
Dear all,
After additional thoughts about “naming coconut cultivars”, I think it will be good to write a short publication on this topic in the Bioversity journal “Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter”. This paper could be signed by me, Hugh and Luz, who is in charge to prepare the future, and may be also by Luc baudouin or Chantal Hamelin, who also worked on this topic during the CGRD creation.
This paper will present the work made by the “International Coconut Cultivar Authority”, then the work made by Dr Chomchalow in 1987 who prepared the first list of international cultivar names, and then the work conducted in the framework of the CGRD database.
What do you think about this idea ?
Kind regards,
Roland
De : Roland BOURDEIX
Envoyé : lundi 26 novembre 2007 17:18
À : 'coc...@googlegroups.com'
Objet : How to name a coconut cultivar ?
Importance : Haute
Roland BOURDEIX
Dear all,
Another point about the international names of coconut cultivars. These names could – in fact, they should - evolve in regard with the knowledge about the concerned varieties.
I will take a practical example. When I came to visit CICY in Mexico, the researchers choose to define only two tall-type cultivars in Mexico: The Mexican Atlantic Tall, and the Mexico Pacific tall. All the accessions were defined as populations of these two cultivars, as indicated on the list below.
Now the knowledge about these accessions is improved, both for morphological and molecular characterization. So may be some of the « populations » may become « true cultivars ». For instance, Mexican Pacific Tall 2 (MXPT02) could become Copala Tall (COPT), if it has special traits differing from the other populations.
So, now this is a question to the Google group members from Mexico: At this stage, do you think it will be useful to modify the international names of coconut cultivars from your country ? Same question could be asked to Tanzania, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, etc…
Kind regards.
Roland
Annex: list of accessions from Mexico as in CGRD.
Mexican Atlantic Tall 1 (MXAT01) Campeche Champoton
Mexican Atlantic Tall 2 (MXAT02) Campeche Ciudad del Carmen
Mexican Atlantic Tall 3 (MXAT03) Campeche Escarcega
Mexican Pacific Tall 1 (MXPT01) Guerrero Ayuzu
Mexican Pacific Tall 10 (MXPT10) ERM Colima Tecoman
Mexican Pacific Tall 11 (MXPT11) Colima Cuyutlan
Mexican Pacific Tall 12 (MXPT12) Colima Manzanillo
Mexican Pacific Tall 13 (MXPT13) Jalisco Cihuatlan
Mexican Pacific Tall 14 (MXPT14) Jalisco Cihuatlan
Mexican Pacific Tall 15 (MXPT15) ERM Nayarit San Blas
Mexican Pacific Tall 16 (MXPT16) Nayarit San Blas
Mexican Pacific Tall 2 (MXPT02) Guerrero Copala
Mexican Pacific Tall 3 (MXPT03) Guerrero 1 Guerrero Tecpan de Galeana
Mexican Pacific Tall 4 (MXPT04) EAM Guerrero Tecpan de Galeana
Mexican Pacific Tall 5 (MXPT05) Michoacan Lazaro Cardenas
Mexican Pacific Tall 6 (MXPT06) Michoacan Lazaro Cardenas
Mexican Pacific Tall 7 (MXPT07) Michoacan Coahuayana
Mexican Pacific Tall 8 (MXPT08) Colima Cerro de Ortega
Mexican Pacific Tall 9 (MXPT09) EAM Colima Cerro de Ortega
Hugh
I had begun to answer you first email on this subject when all the others, and and the ones on research, came in.
Because of the time difference between France and Mexico I will wait 24 hours to hear what Daniel Zizumbo has to say about your multiplicity of names for the Mexican Pacific Tall before I finish my own reply.
But to your key sentence (which I nearly missed) "May we suggest the Cogent network and Google group to publish this list in its internet site, together with a short guideline untitled ‘how to name a coconut cultivar” I must immediately say that while I can't speak for COGENT please feel free to go ahead and open a "How to Name a Coconut Cultivar” page at http://groups.google.com/group/coconut/web and publish what you want.
Thanks
Hugh
PLDT FOA- Gerardo Santos
I agree with the proposal of Roland. What about you Hengky?
Gerry Santos
________________________________
From: coc...@googlegroups.com on behalf of Roland BOURDEIX
Sent: Tue 11/27/2007 12:18 AM
To: coc...@googlegroups.com
Subject: [Coconut:1440] How to name a coconut cultivar ?
Dear all,
How to name a coconut cultivar ?
For a consistent and scientific approach, standardized international names and abbreviations are requested for describing coconut varieties. Each variety should have a unique international name, a unique international abbreviation and, of course, as many synonyms as people want.
When developing the Coconut genetic resources database (CGRD), I spent about 6 months working with Cogent countries, asking local researchers to choose international names and international abbreviation for their cultivars. This work was conducted in Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, The Philippines, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Vietnam.
Then all the names given by local researchers were collaboratively inputted in the CGRD database. Synonyms were also inputted, as the software give the opportunity to input 3 synonyms for each coconut cultivar.
The International Coconut Cultivar Authority provides a list of common names for coconut varieties, as it indicated in the Ecoport internet site[1]. This list includes also synonyms : the same coconut variety may be described in this list by using different names.
In the Cogent book "Coconut genetic resources", and in the chapter "Useful definitions of terms and nomenclature" (Bourdeix et al., 2005), we have defined what are a "coconut cultivar"[2] and a "Population and variant"[3]. Some examples of how to name Coconut cultivars and population are given p. 10. I give more example thereunder:
Cultivar or Variety :
West African Tall (WAT), Rarumis Tall (RART), Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD), PiliPog Green Dwarf (PILD).
Population:
Nicobar Tall Katchal (NICT02); West African Tall Ouidah (WAT06).
This last population belongs to the « West African Tall » cultivar, because it is closely related to the first « West African Tal »l described in Côte d'Ivoire. But as WAT06 produces fruits that are a little bigger than WAT, and as WAT06 comes from another country, it was decided to name it as another population of WAT, and not as a new separate cultivar.
Variant: Makapuno (Philippines), Dikiri (Sri Lanka), Spicata (different
countries), Nawasi (Sri Lanka), Nim (Thailand)
Please avoid, for instance, naming a cultivar "Spicata tall". There is many very different tall cultivars were Spicata variants are found; a "Spicata tall" from India and a "Spicata tall" from Samoa are different cultivars. Please also avoid naming a coconut cultivar "West Coast tall" or "East Coast tall", as there are many countries enjoying a West or an East coast, and this is not informative for an international name.
For instance, when I visited India in 2000, the CPCRI researchers have chosen to name their "Spicata" variant : "Indian West Coast Tall Spicata (WCT01)", so it is a population of the cultivar "Indian West Coast Tall" (WCT).
The international abbreviation is composed of 3 to 4 letters (MYD, VTT, AROD) plus 2 optional two numeric codes. The last letter is a "D" for dwarf cultivars and a "T" for Tall cultivars. The two numeric codes are coding for population if required : Dau Tall Phu My, (DAUT02) ; Malayan Yellow Dwarf Kulasekharam (MYD01).
The CGRD list of international name of coconut cultivars and population was already sent to both Cogent and the internet coconut forums.
May we suggest the Cogent network and Google group to publish this list in its internet site, together with a short guideline untitled 'how to name a coconut cultivar".
In order to prepare the short guideline about naming coconut cultivars, the following is extracted from the book "Coconut : a guide to traditional and improved varieties" (R. Bourdeix & al., 2005).
"How are the different coconut varieties named? A few kilometers apart, two different varieties may sometimes be given the same name. Conversely, some varieties have many different names. In the Tonga islands, there are even villages in which the women and men use a different name to mean the same coconut palm!
But now, each variety is given a unique international name. The name, in English, usually consists of the type, Dwarf or Tall, to which a geographical or cultural reference is added. For varieties of uniform colour, that too is usually mentioned. One thus finds Malayan Yellow Dwarf and Madang Brown Dwarf (Madang is a town in Papua New Guinea)."
Kind regards,
Roland
________________________________
[1] http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=744&entityType=PL****&entityDisplayCategory=PL****4000#PL****4000
[2] Cultivar: 'Cultivated variety' is defined as a group of individuals or plants having similar traits that can reproduce "true-to-type" in the natural (sexual) way from generation to generation.
[3] "Population and variant": This can be considered as similar in connotation and would refer to a group of individuals obtained from a cultivar. Population refers to any subgroup located in a restricted location, such as one island, atoll or continuous strip of coastline. Variant is narrower than that in the sense that members of the group exhibit a specific trait as stated below"
--
Roland BOURDEIX
I did not receive you message, it was empty, because tagged as "Virus found"
Kind regards,
Roland
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-----Message d'origine-----
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de PLDT FOA- Gerardo Santos
Envoyé : mercredi 28 novembre 2007 02:49
À : coc...@googlegroups.com
Objet : // Filename? // [Coconut:1451] Re: How to name a coconut cultivar ?
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Roland BOURDEIX
What about my proposition to merge the cultivar list from ICCRA and the cultivar list from CGRD, annd to write a paper about "international names for coconut cultivars"?
Kind regards,
Roland
-----Message d'origine-----
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de PLDT FOA- Gerardo Santos
Envoyé : mercredi 28 novembre 2007 02:49
À : coc...@googlegroups.com
Objet : // Filename? // [Coconut:1451] Re: How to name a coconut cultivar ?
---
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Service reseau du campus CNRS de Montpellier
Narong chomchalow
Thanks to Roland who cited my name (Dr Chomchalow) as the person who
prepared the first list of international coconut cultivars in 1987. At
that time I was the Regional Coodinator for IBPGR Southeast Asian
Programme, and was organizing a Working Group Meeting on Coconut, held
in Zamboanga, the Philippines. I prepared the background paper for
discussion. In that paper, I suggested that there should be an
international list of coconut cutlivars, based on a three-letter code,
and the need for a Registrar. As a start, I prepared the list of
international coconut cultivars in my paper. Some years ago I have
provided the list upon request to Roland. It is important to have the
Registrar to register the names and assign the code, which should be
standardized to a three-letter code. This is possible only when we
have a Registrar, and assign the code on the first- come-first-serve
basis. If at all possible, we should avoid a four-letter code, to make
them uniform.
I also want to discuss the issue of makapuno. There was a
misunderstanding of makapuno in Thailand. We have never imported any
makapuno from the Philippines as believed by Linda. Those embryo-
rescued makapuno grown on the Makapuno Island were obtained from the
farmers who sold the fruits to the Bangkok Flower Center Co. Being in
isolated place, they all produced 100% makapuno fruits. However, there
was one fruit which was sold as makapuno germinated. Upon further
inverstigation, it was truely a makapuno, but with thinner meat. This
probably resulted from another mutation. Luckily, Dr. Uthai Charanasri
who did the embryo rescue operation, was able to trace back from which
tree the fruit was harvested. At present, he grows the fruits of this
tree and hopes to come up with its mode of inheritance when they begin
to fruit.
Another issue I want to discuss is the nutritional value of makapuno.
I have sent the sample of makapuno for analysis at the Thai Department
of Health and the following was found:
Content of fatty acid (%) of makapuno compared to coconut oil
Item SFA MUFA PUFA
Lauricacid
Makapuno 93.3 5.5 0.8
50.4
Coconut oil 1 91.6 6.0
2.4 48.0
Coconut oil 2 87.22 10.31 2.30
45.54
Note: SFA = saturated fatty acids, MUFA = Monounsaturated fatty acids,
PUFA = Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Coconut oil 1 from Wickermasinghe
(1984), Coconut oil 2 from Departmet of Health.
It is evident that makapuno has higher SFA and lauric acid, lower MUFA
and PUFA than coconut oil (which is now known to be good for health).
As is now known, the higher SFA and lauric acid, and the lower MUFA
and PUFA, the better. Thus makapuno can be consumed with no bad effect
on health, but improves our health.
My last point concerns the types of makapuno.
1. Tall vs Dwarf. In contrast to the general believe that makapuno
occurs only on tall type, dwarf makapuno has also been found in
Thailand. We now have many cultivars of dwarf makapuno including Nam
Hom (aromatic water), Nam Wan (sweet water), Phuang Roi (100 fruits),
Fai (red), etc. Their F1 hybrids are being produced for sale to the
farmers
2. Makapuno and 'Eaten by the Moon": In some countries, e.g. Papua New
Guinea (Niu Garuk), they are the same, but in other countries, e.g.
Indonesia (Di Makan Bulan), Kerala and Karnataka, India (who knows the
name of this "Eaten by the Devil"?), and Thailand (Duean Kin), they
are not makapuno, but probably the makapuno which has been kept after
harvest for too long and the fluffy meat disintegrates. Does any one
knows what is meant by Dikiri Pol of Sri Lanka? All other countries'
names for makapuno (including Cambodia - Dong Kathi, India - Thairu
Thengai, Indonesia - Kopyor, Polynesia - Pia, Thailand - Maphrao
Kathi, Vietnam - Dua Sap) mean makapuno.
Regards to you all,
Narong Chomchalow
On Nov 28, 2:01 pm, "Roland BOURDEIX" <Roland.BOURD...@cefe.cnrs.fr>
wrote:
Hugh Harries
I thought the ICCRA information that I passed to the CGRD at the time
it was set up had already been merged?
In view of the stuff that has come in about Global Coconut Research
that I need to reply to I will wait another 24 hours for anyone to
comments on your Mexican name before adding my own ideas.
Cheers
Hugh
Roland BOURDEIX
Information from ICCRA was used in CGRD, but not all the available information; because in CGRD we focused only on the material that is presently conserved in germplasm collection; and the cultivar list of ICCRA is broader.
Luc Baudouin have initiated a first merge between CGRD information and ICCRA information. The result was included in an old report about CGRD, but the diffusion of this report was very small.
As you still well involved in the coconut business, I think the best way is to work together in a collaborative way and to produce a new list that will be published in 2008 both on google group, on the Cogent Web site, and on the FAO Website. This list will serve as reference for the future. We could send you a proposal of merged "coconut names", then you check it, then we submit to Cogent and the google group for additional input. Then we publish the resulting list as "official list", with a date associated to this list. This list will need to be updated each 2 ot 3 years.
The fact that the list of cultivar in CGRD was never published in a formal way; nor the method to give international name to coconut cultivars. This is a default of Cirad (and french people in general) that they often not publish enougth the scientific output. So it will be very useful to publish this information.
For instance, Adriana Alercia (from Bioversity) is now in charge to refine minimum list of descriptors for various plants including the coconut palm. She seek for official published information about coconut cultivars names, and the only official source she found was ICCRA on FAO web site. And after that, it was complicated for us to explain her all the story...
Kind regards
Roland
-----Message d'origine-----
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de Hugh Harries
Envoyé : jeudi 29 novembre 2007 15:00
À : coc...@googlegroups.com
Objet : [Coconut:1469] How to name a coconut cultivar ?
George, Maria Luz (Bioversity-Malaysia)
I agree with you. It would be good to have a scientific article in a referred journal (in addition to the publication in the websites), in this way, it becomes an authoritative paper. I would be like be involved, in a supportive way or in a more significant way in this effort.
Luz
baudouin
1) Chomchallow's 1987 list,
2) your data,
3) the data from CGRD
It was request by COGENT that the type should be mentioned in the name and
in the abbreviation, that the colour should be mentioned in the name. In
addition, the number of cultivar name was increasing and three letters was
no longer enough if we wanted the abbreviation to be a good mnemonic. I thus
proposed that the number of letter could be 3 or 4. Most of Chomshallow's
abbreviations were left unchanged and it is still possible to search the
list using them.
I also introduced a "population" concept to avoid creating too many cultivar
names. Populations are distinct subset of a cultivar. They may differ
somewhat from each other but it is thought that it is not necessary to
create new cultivars. Thus situation may evolve: Roland gave the example of
the Mexican Pacific Tall and I agree that they should be split into 2 to 3
cultivars.
The list was transmitted to Cogent. It's a good idea to make it available on
the net. We intend to transmit it to you so you can make suggestions or
amendments
Dr. Luc BAUDOUIN
Généticien des plantes/Plant geneticist
Unité de recherche 29 : Etiologie dépérissements
Research Unit 29 : Etiology Wilts
CIRAD-BIOS
TA A 96/03
Campus de Lavalette
34398 Montpellier cedex 5
France
luc.ba...@cirad.fr
Tél : 33 (0) 4 67 61 71 16
Fax : 33 (0) 4 67 61 57 93
http://www.cirad.fr/ur/etiologie_deperissements
Hugh Harries
Thank you, I will do what I can. As previously suggested to Roland,
why not put it on a Google coconut group page at
http://groups.google.com/group/coconut/web so that all members can see
it and comment?
Hugh
On 30/11/2007, baudouin <luc.ba...@cirad.fr> wrote:
>
> Yes Hugh, I received your database and prepared a list based on:
> 1) Chomchallow's 1987 list,
> 2) your data,
> 3) the data from CGRD
>
Hugh
I will delay any detailed response to your earlier messages until I
see Luc's list which I hope he will post to http://groups.google.com/group/coconut/web
so that I can make my comments there.
This will also give Daniel Zizumbo, or one of his CICY colleagues,
more time to answer.
You can then use my comments, and other Google coconut group members'
comments, in the document you are planning to write.
And, if you use Google Docs & Spreadsheets, perhaps you can beat the
multi-author record that Mike Foale said as set by Olivier Roupsard
regards
Hugh
On Nov 28, 7:01 am, "Roland BOURDEIX" <Roland.BOURD...@cefe.cnrs.fr>
wrote:
Roland BOURDEIX
We have to work on the list prepared by Luc at Cirad level, to make it as complete and clear as possible, and then we will send to all the people. That will be done during the beginning of 2008, I guess.
Many new "old names" were recently found, such as the work of Caillon in Vanuatu, or the old book "Ancient Tahiti" from Teuira Henry, tec...
Kind regards,
Roland
-----Message d'origine-----
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De la part de Hugh Harries
Envoyé : vendredi 30 novembre 2007 12:21
À : coc...@googlegroups.com
Objet : [Coconut:1475] Re: How to name a coconut cultivar ?
Roland BOURDEIX
This is the information about Seribu Islands that I obtained from the
Cirad Resident Regional Director. Should it be possible for you to get a
copy of these maps and to bring to the Cogent meeting ?
Kind regards
Roland
< Projects UNESCO-SCI were conducted in Seribu Islands, some related to
corals, some others social projects with fichermen and their villages in
link with LIPI (indonesian research). You should contact them (see
under).
About maps, I only know the marine maps (2 sheets at 1 :50 000) that can
be bougth at the office of indonesia marine in the port of Tanjung
Priok.
Ibu Nuning Wirjoatmodjo, UNESCO Jakarta Office, Jl Thamrin 14 - PO box
1273/JKT - 10002 Jakarta, Indonesia.
Tel: 62 21 314 1308 ext 821, Fax: 62 21 315 0382.
e-mail n.wirjo...@unesco.org <mailto:n.wirjo...@UNESCO.org>
Regards
yves laumonier.
> Dr Jean-Guy Bertault
> Cirad Resident Regional Director
> for Insular Southeast Asia
> ci...@idola.net.id <mailto:ci...@idola.net.id>
>
> Tel : + 62 (0) 21 719 90 67
> + 62 (0) 21 719 46 01
> Fax : + 62 (0) 21 717 93 304
>
> www.cirad.fr/indonesie/ <http://www.cirad.fr/indonesie/>
George, Maria Luz (Bioversity-Malaysia)
Sorry to get in the conversation quite late.
Luc, you said that the list was transmitted to COGENT, is this recently or sometime back? If it is recently, I did not get it so please send again. If it is in the past, I presume that the list will be updated and will then be made available online (in the Google group and the COGENT website).
Luz
-----Original Message-----
From: coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Hugh Harries
Sent: Friday, November 30, 2007 7:21 PM
To: coc...@googlegroups.com
baudouin
No, it was not so recent: it was in annex 3 of our 1998 CGRD report. We are
preparing an updated list with Roland.
Hugh
Hortivar version 3.7
FAO Copyright: Last updated: Wednesday, July 25th, 2007
Horticultural Crops Group, Crop and Grassland Service, Plant
Production and Protection Division
Common name Cultivar name Type Country Location
Coconut Alto Verde de Sabana OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Anantha Ganga OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Cabrizo Alto de Maisi OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Cabrizo de Nibujon OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Chandra Laksha OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Chandra Sankara OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Chandrakalpa OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Chocolate de Nibujon OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Coco OP seed Brazil S?o Geraldo
Coconut Criollo El Pino OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut ECT x G,B OP seed India Tamil Nadu
Coconut East Coast Tall (EST) OP seed India Tamil Nadu
Coconut Enano Aceitoso OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Enano Amarillo de Duaba OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Enano Rojo de fruto Grande OP seed Cuba Jaguey
Grande
Coconut Enano Verde Gigante OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Enano Verde de Sabana 1 OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Enano cobrizo de Sabana OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Godhavari Ganga OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Hondureno Verde OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Igi Agbon OP seed Nigeria Ibadan
Coconut Indio Amarillo Grande de Nibujon OP seed Cuba Jaguey
Grande
Coconut Indio Amarillo Grande de Sabana OP seed Cuba Jaguey
Grande
Coconut Indio Rojo OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Indio Rojo de Duaba OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Indio Rojo de Fruto Grande OP seed Cuba Jaguey
Grande
Coconut Indio Verde OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Kera Ganga OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Kera Sowbhagya OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Kera Sree OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Lacadive Ordinary (Chandrakalpa) OP seed India
Tamil Nadu
Coconut Laksha Ganga OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Malayo rojo OP OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Maradol Amarilla OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut Pratap OP seed India Kerala
Coconut Rennell de Maisi OP seed Cuba Jaguey Grande
Coconut VHC-1 OP seed India Tamil Nadu
Coconut VHC-2 OP seed India Tamil Nadu
Coconut Verde Anao OP seed Brazil Rodeiro
Coconut Verde Anao OP seed Brazil Visconde do Rio Branco
Coconut WCT x COD OP seed India Kerala
Coconut West Coast Tall OP seed India Kerala
Coconut West Coast Tall (WST) OP seed India Tamil Nadu
On Jan 2, 9:29 am, "baudouin" <luc.baudo...@cirad.fr> wrote:
> Happy new year, Luz
>
> No, it was not so recent: it was in annex 3 of our 1998 CGRD report. We are
> preparing an updated list with Roland.
>
> Dr.LucBAUDOUIN
> Généticien des plantes/Plant geneticist
> Unité de recherche 29 : Etiologie dépérissements
> Research Unit 29 : Etiology Wilts
> CIRAD-BIOS
> TA A 96/03
> Campus de Lavalette
> 34398 Montpellier cedex 5
> > it and comment?
>
> > Hugh
> > On 30/11/2007, baudouin <luc.baudo...@cirad.fr> wrote:
>
> >> Yes Hugh, I received your database and prepared a list based on:
> >> 1) Chomchallow's 1987 list,
> >> 2) your data,
> >> 3) the data from CGRD
>
> >> The list was transmitted to Cogent. It's a good idea to make it available
> >> on
> >> the net. We intend to transmit it to you so you can make suggestions or
> >> amendments
>
> >> Dr.LucBAUDOUIN
> >> Unité de recherche 29 : Etiologie dépérissements
> >> Research Unit 29 : Etiology Wilts
> >> CIRAD-BIOS
> >> TA A 96/03
> >> Campus de Lavalette
> >> 34398 Montpellier cedex 5
> >> France
> >> Fax : 33 (0) 4 67 61 57 93
>
> >>http://www.cirad.fr/ur/etiologie_deperissements
>
> >> ----- Original Message -----
> >> From: "Hugh Harries" <hugh.harr...@gmail.com>
> >> To: <coc...@googlegroups.com>
> >> Sent: Thursday, November 29, 2007 2:59 PM
> >> Subject: [Coconut:1469] How to name a coconut cultivar ?
>
> >> > Roland
>
> >> > I thought the ICCRA information that I passed to the CGRD at the time
> >> > it was set up had already been merged?
>
> >> > In view of the stuff that has come in about Global Coconut Research
> >> > that I need to reply to I will wait another 24 hours for anyone to
> >> > comments on your Mexican name before adding my own ideas.
>
> >> > Cheers
>
> >> > Hugh
>
Roland BOURDEIX
Dear all,
Thanks to Hugh for this new list
of 43 named coconut cultivars.
We are still preparing a new list of
international, vernacular and botanical names for Cocos nucifera. This list will
includes also advanced cultivars such as hybrids and synthetic
varieties.
For historical reasons, we need the list of cultivars prepared
by Narong Chomchalow in 1987. We do not find anymore this list. Do someone have
it and can send a PDF file to us ?
Preparing this list is a hudge work. I
think a first version will be first send to Hugh Harries on or before the 15
february 2008 for a first checking by himself, and discussion about the
organization/design of this list. Then, on or before the 1th March 2008, the
whole list will be available on line for all coconut scientists; for a whole
month, we will ask coconut scientist to send us comments and additional
information. The complete list will be released during the first week of April
2008.
Kind regards
Roland
Dr Roland Bourdeix
CIRAD
(French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development)
UMR
CEFE
Campus CNRS / CEFE / 2ème étage / C - 1919 Route de Mende
34293
Montpellier Cedex 5 France
Phone : +33 4 67 61 32 85 - Secr. :
+33 4 67 61 44 67 - Fax : +33 4 67 41 21 38 -
See the
blogs:
http://diversiflora.blogspot.com/
http://conferencecocotier.blogspot.com/
http://coconutfreaks.blogspot.com/
-----Message
d'origine-----
De : coc...@googlegroups.com [mailto:coc...@googlegroups.com] De
la part de Hugh
Envoyé : mercredi 30 janvier 2008 10:32
À :
Coconut
Objet : [Coconut:1662] Re: How to name a coconut cultivar
?