Hello,
I understand at Google Cloud DNS you have a domain name subdomain.domain.com that we would like redirected to subdomain.microsoftonline.com.
What you are asking for is known as "CNAME at the apex". "CNAME at the apex" is not currently supported by Cloud DNS and is technically against DNS's RFCs. As per RFC 1034 section 3.6.2[1]
“If a CNAME RR is present at a node, no other data should be present; this ensures that the data for a canonical name and its aliases cannot be different.” Also as per GCP public documentation[2]:
“A common cause of this error (cnameResourceRecordSetConflict) is trying to create a CNAME record at the zone apex. This is not possible because it would conflict with the required SOA and NS records of the same name.”
However, if your hosted domain at Google Cloud DNS is domain.com and you would like to redirect subdomain.domain.com to subdomain.microsoftonline.com, you could follow the public documentation [3,4] to create CNAME Redirects.
[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034
[2] https://cloud.google.com/dns/docs/troubleshooting#cnameresourcerecordsetconflict
[3] https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/request-endpoints#cname
[4] https://cloud.google.com/dns/docs/quickstart#create_a_cname_record