Yes, so for example if I created a library somethingneat.js which is compiled and then you wanted to use my somethingneat.js library, but also use closure library for your website. During development of your website, goog.require would exception out if you use goog.dom.query as the compiled somethingneat.js has it exported. The goog.dom.query library exports its namespace which is then in the global namespace and conflicts with your development code on the same page.
The only reason I specify development is that goog.require doesn't generate an exception when you compile your javascript. It is only for development to help prevent duplicate namespace declarations.