Hunger Games Binge

[Giorgina Makara]

Everyoneovereats from time to time. Binge eating disorder is different, though. You might have it if you regularly eat a lot of food in just a few hours -- even when you're not hungry -- to drown out emotions. Then you quickly feel shame or guilt about it.

Genes. Eating disorders tend to run in families. If your mother or grandmother binged, you're more likely to do it. Research shows that a number of genes that affect eating behavior may be passed down through families. Those genes can affect brain circuits that control appetite and mood.

Family. Perhaps you watched your mom or dad overeat often. The habits you learned from the people around you may influence the way you eat in general. Still, eating disorder organizations say that parents and families aren't to blame.

Low Self-Esteem. Often, people who binge aren't happy with the way they look. You might think badly about your body because of what others say or have said. You might compare yourself with TV and magazine photos that emphasize thinness. That might give you what's known as a negative body image. Such low self-esteem can lead to binge eating. After bingeing, a person feels guilt or shame because they ate too much. These feelings can cause more overeating.

Stress and Anxiety. Sometimes people binge after they've gone through a major stressful event, like a divorce or losing a job. Emotional eating can be temporary and may not be a binge eating disorder, though. That said, people with the disorder are usually more likely to overeat if they're anxious or stressed.

Extreme Dieting. Sometimes an attempt to lose weight can lead to bingeing. This is especially true when people follow unhealthy diets to lose weight, such as skipping meals or eating too little. If they don't reach their goal weight, they may feel so guilty and terrible about themselves that they eat even more.

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Background: Hedonic hunger, the appetitive drive to eat to obtain pleasure in the absence of an energy deficit, is associated with overeating and with loss of control over eating, but has not been investigated among individuals with eating disorders.

Results: Participants with BN scored higher on the PFS compared to participants with AN-R or AN-B/P; there was a trend for those with AN-B/P to score higher than those with AN-R. PFS scores were positively associated with binge eating frequency among participants with BN; these associations remained significant when controlling for restraint and weight suppression. A similar pattern was found among participants with AN. PFS scores predicted weight change in AN but not BN.

Discussion: Results suggest that hedonic processes may be important in stimulating binge eating. Furthermore, hedonic appetite may facilitate weight restoration in AN. Further research should investigate whether pre-treatment PFS scores have prognostic significance with respect to eating disorder symptoms.

Background: The randomized Oseberg study compared the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on the 1-y remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function (primary outcomes). However, little is known about the comparable effects of SG and RYGB on the changes in dietary intakes, eating behavior, and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Methods: Among others, prespecified secondary outcomes were dietary intake, food tolerance, hedonic hunger, binge eating, and gastrointestinal symptoms assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, food tolerance questionnaire, Power of food scale, Binge eating scale, and Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, respectively.

Conclusions: The 1-y changes in dietary intakes of fiber and protein after both surgical procedures, but particularly after SG, were unfavorable with regard to current dietary guidelines. For clinical practice, our findings suggest that health care providers and patients should focus on sufficient intakes of protein, fiber, and vitamin and mineral supplementation after both SG and RYGB. This trial was registered at [clinicaltrials.gov] as [NCT01778738].

Almost everyone overeats on occasion, such as having seconds or thirds of a holiday meal. But regularly feeling that eating is out of control and eating an unusually large amount of food may be symptoms of binge-eating disorder.

People who have binge-eating disorder often feel embarrassed or ashamed about eating binges. People with the disorder often go through periods of trying to restrict or severely cut back on their eating as a result. But this instead may increase urges to eat and lead to a cycle of ongoing binge eating. Treatment for binge-eating disorder can help people feel more in control and balanced with their eating.

If you have binge-eating disorder, you may be overweight or obese, or you may be at a healthy weight. Most people with binge-eating disorder feel upset about their body size or shape no matter what the number on the scale is.

A person with bulimia nervosa, another eating disorder, may binge and then vomit, use laxatives or exercise excessively to get rid of extra calories. This is not the case with binge-eating disorder. If you have binge-eating disorder, you may try to diet or eat less food at mealtimes to compensate. But restricting your diet may simply lead to more binge eating.

How much eating binges affect your mood and ability to function in daily life gives an idea of how serious the condition is for you. Binge-eating disorder can vary over time. The condition may be short-lived, may go away and come back, or may continue for years if left untreated.

If you're embarrassed by your eating and are worried about talking to your healthcare professional, start by talking with someone you trust about what you're going through. A friend, family member, teacher or faith leader can encourage and support you in taking the first steps to successful treatment of binge-eating disorder.

Talking with a professional with specialty training in eating disorders or reaching out to an organization specializing in eating disorders might be a good place to find support from someone who understands what you're going through.

Someone who has binge-eating disorder may become an expert at hiding behavior. This is usually because of feelings of shame and embarrassment about the symptoms. Hiding symptoms can make it hard for others to notice the problem. If you think a loved one may have symptoms of binge-eating disorder, have an open and honest talk about your concerns, but remember to approach the topic with sensitivity. Eating disorders are mental health conditions, and the behaviors are not the fault or choice of the person with this condition.

Give encouragement and support. Offer to help your loved one find a healthcare professional or mental health professional with experience in treating eating disorders. You may help make an appointment. You might even offer to go along.

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Joslyn Jelinek is a licensed social worker specializing in perinatal mental health and chronic pain. She is the founder of Chicago Human Potential and practices with a group of behavioral health clinicians in Chicago, Illinois.

Ari Howard is a staff writer at Psych Central. She began her journalism career by writing for local newspapers, nonprofit organizations, and online publications. Through these experiences, she discovered her main passion is writing on health and wellness topics. Ari is particularly interested in educating the public on anxiety, depression, grief, and PTSD.

Cathy Cassata is a freelance writer who specializes in stories about health, mental health, medical news, and inspirational people. She writes with empathy and accuracy and has a knack for connecting with readers in an insightful and engaging way. Cathy contributes regularly to Healthline and Verywell, and she has also been published in HuffPost. Read more of her work here, and connect with her on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn.

Many people experience infrequent episodes of binge eating, which occurs when you eat a larger than usual amount in a shorter than usual period. Emotional eating after a breakup, for example, often falls into this category.

Consider speaking with a healthcare professional or contacting the National Alliance for Eating Disorders. From 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. Eastern on weekdays, you can call 1-866-662-1235 to speak with a licensed therapist.

A 2007 study in older adults showed that drinking 13 to 17 ounces (375 to 500 milliliters) of water 30 minutes before a meal significantly decreased hunger and calorie intake while increasing feelings of fullness during the day.

One 2005 study of 19 people showed that increasing protein intake from 15% to 30% led to significant reductions in body weight and fat mass and decreased daily calorie intake by an average of 441 calories.

Similarly, a 2006 study found that following a high protein diet promoted feelings of fullness and increased levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a hormone known for its ability to suppress appetite.

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