Important Studies

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Dec 7, 2021, 4:16:05 AM12/7/21
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Important StudiesPDF31: 2021.08.24.21262415v1.full   Israeli study
SARS-CoV-2-naïve vaccinees had a 13.06-fold (95% CI, 8.08 to 21.11) increased risk
for breakthrough infection with the Delta variant compared to those previously
infected, when the first event (infection or vaccination) occurred during January and
February of 2021. The increased risk was significant (P<0.001) for symptomatic
disease as well. When allowing the infection to occur at any time before vaccination
(from March 2020 to February 2021), evidence of waning natural immunity was

demonstrated, though SARS-CoV-2 naïve vaccinees had a 5.96-fold (95% CI, 4.85 to
7.33) increased risk for breakthrough infection and a 7.13-fold (95% CI, 5.51 to 9.21)
increased risk for symptomatic disease. SARS-CoV-2-naïve vaccinees were also at a
greater risk for COVID-19-related-hospitalizations compared to those that were
previously infected.
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Qatar study: PDF31/Qatar-SARS-antibody.pdf
Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection was
estimated at 95.2% (95% CI: 94.1 96.0%). Reinfections were less severe than primary infections. Only one
reinfection was severe, two were moderate, and none were critical or fatal. Most reinfections (66.7%) were

diagnosed incidentally through random or routine testing, or through contact tracing.
Interpretation: Reinfection is rare in the young and international population of Qatar. Natural infection
appears to elicit strong protection against reinfection with an efficacy ~95% for at least seven months.
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Researchers find long-lived immunity to 1918 pandemic virus
 Aug 19, 2008 (CIDRAP News) – A study of the blood of older people who survived the 1918 influenza pandemic reveals that antibodies
to the strain have lasted a lifetime and can perhaps be engineered to protect future generations against similar strains.

The findings appeared online Aug 17 in Nature. Study collaborators hail from several institutions: Vanderbilt University,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Scripps Research Institute.
The people recruited for the study were 2 to 12 years old in 1918 and many recalled sick family members in their households, which suggests
they were directly exposed to the virus, the authors report. The group found that 100% of the subjects had serum-neutralizing activity against the 1918 virus
 and 94% showed serologic reactivity to the 1918 hemagglutinin.
"The B cells have been waiting for at least 60 years —if not 90 years— for that flu to come around again," he said. "That's amazing, because it's the longest memory anyone's ever demonstrated."
https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2008/08/researchers-find-long-lived-immunity-1918-pandemic-virus

<See also article: https://www.globalresearch.ca/humanity-march-toward-extinction/5750260>
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we determined that more than 90% of uninfected adults showed antibody reactivity against the spike protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain (NTD), or the nucleocapsid (N) protein from SARS-CoV-2.
This seroreactivity was evenly distributed across age and sex, correlated with circulating coronaviruses’ reactivity, and was partially outcompeted by soluble circulating coronaviruses’ spike. Using a custom SARS-CoV-2 peptide mapping array,
we found that this antibody reactivity broadly mapped to spike and to conserved nonstructural viral proteins. We conclude that most adults display preexisting antibody cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2,
which further supports investigation of how this may impact the clinical severity of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses.
Medicine, and 13Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/146316
A majority of uninfected adults show preexisting antibody reactivity against SARS-CoV-2
Published March 15, 2021
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Results
Of 50 patients treated with calcifediol, one required admission to the ICU (2%), while of 26 untreated patients, 13 required admission (50 %) p value X2 Fischer test p < 0.001. Univariate Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for ICU in patients with Calcifediol treatment versus without Calcifediol treatment: 0.02 (95 %CI 0.002−0.17). Multivariate Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for ICU in patients with Calcifediol treatment vs Without Calcifediol treatment ICU (adjusting by Hypertension and T2DM): 0.03 (95 %CI: 0.003-0.25). Of the patients treated with calcifediol, none died, and all were discharged, without complications. The 13 patients not treated with calcifediol, who were not admitted to the ICU, were discharged. Of the 13 patients admitted to the ICU, two died and the remaining 11 were discharged.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076020302764?via%3Dihub
“Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study”
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