Each index is essentially claiming a partition of the (2^32=)~4 billion available ids. You can see that the main (only?) difference between those two config files is the cleo.search.generic.typeahead.config.partition.start value. When you load in companies, they all go into index i001 because their IDs are between 0 and 1,000,000 (I think the ones in the example top out at 2800 or so).
I'd assume they were provided in the primer to give us examples of how we would partition larger element sets. From what I can tell, the main benefit is that each partition gets its own writer thread, (but I'm not the authority there).
As an aside: It's a good exercise to list out what kinds of elements you're expecting to store and how many there are relative to one-another. (I found I actually only had a couple pushing into the millions that required special partitioning, but YMMV.) For smaller element sets (1000s to 10,000s), ScannerTypeaheads are probably a better fit (but benchmark before deciding).