23 March 1931 Mp3

[Ashley]

23rdMarch 1931: Shaheed is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language historical biographical film about Bhagat Singh, directed by Guddu Dhanoa which depicts the events leading up to the hanging of Singh and his companions Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar on 23 March 1931. The film stars Bobby Deol as Singh, his elder brother Sunny Deol as Chandra Shekhar Azad and Amrita Singh in her comeback role as Vidyavati Kaur (Singh's mother).

The film's release coincided with another film based on Bhagat Singh directed by Rajkumar Santoshi and titled The Legend of Bhagat Singh. Both films failed at the box office.[6][7] But both the films gained a cult status.

Set in the mid-1920s, in British India, the film tells the story of freedom fighters Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad who have only one motive in mind: Freedom for India. They set about doing this task together with two other men, Sukhdev and Rajguru. Bhagat Singh is enraged when his mentor Lala Lajpat Rai is mercilessly beaten to death by the police, and he sets about to avenge his death. He and his colleagues do succeed in killing one of the officials responsible, but they are identified, and as a result, Bhagat and Rajguru are arrested and held in prison, where they are tortured relentlessly.

When produced in court, they dramatically admit to the killing and claim that it was done in the name of "freedom". The judge and the public prosecutor do not see it their way, and they are sentenced to life in prison. Bhagat's mother, Vidya, comes to meet him in prison, and he goes to greet her, shackled in chains from head to toe, and he foretells that India will continue to suffer, even after independence from the British, and that he will return in another birth to free his motherland. Subsequently, all three are charged with treason and assassination and are sentenced to death.

The case of the Scottsboro Boys, which lasted more than 80 years, helped to spur the Civil Rights Movement. The perseverance of the Scottsboro Boys and the attorneys and community leaders who supported their case helped to inspire several prominent activists and organizers. To Kill a Mockingbird, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by white author Harper Lee, is also loosely based on this case.

On March 25, 1931, nine African American teenagers were accused of raping two white women aboard a Southern Railroad freight train in northern Alabama. Haywood Patterson, Olen Montgomery, Clarence Norris, Willie Roberson, Andy Wright, Ozzie Powell, Eugene Williams, Charley Weems and Roy Wright were searching for work when a racially-charged fight broke out between passengers. The fight is said to have started when a young white man stepped on the hand of one of the Scottsboro Boys. The young white men who were fighting were forced to exit the train. Enraged, they conjured a story of how the black men were at fault for the incident. By the time the train reached Paint Rock, Alabama, the Scottsboro Boys were met with an angry mob and charged with assault. Victoria Price and Ruby Bates, two white women who were also riding the freight train, faced charges of vagrancy and illegal sexual activity. In order to avoid these charges, they falsely accused the Scottsboro Boys of rape.

Giving you further information as to the importance of

the designation of Highway 96 across Kenedy County, I

beg to remind you that the people of this section at this

time are obliged to make the following long trip, if de-

sirous of getting out of the Valley, and when bad weather,

hinders the passing of dirt ranch roads.

Auto traffic on State Highway must go from Raymondville

to Harlingen, thence to Pharr, then to Edinburg and Fal-

furrias, and from Falfurrias to Riviera, making a distance

from Raymondville to Riviera of 153 miles. If Highway 96

was built, the distance from Raymondville to Riviera would

be 46.5 miles. At Riviera we would connect with No. 16.

By having the Kenedy County route, traffic would save 107

miles one way. If, on the other hand, good weather would

permit the dirt roads to be used through ranches from Ray-

mondville to what is known as the Red Gate on Highway 12,

that distance would be 22 miles. Willacy County has hard

surface, but Hidalgo County does not, and in wet weather

it is entirely out of the question to go via the short cut.

Willacy County now has a complete road to the South Kenedy

County line.

The entire population of the Rio Grande Valley, as well as

many of our sister republic on the south, say nothing of all

those desirous of coming south from the entire United States,

would be benefited by this tremendous saving, though they

would be coming to any part of the Valley.

Nat Wetzel to the Texas Highway Department, March 25, 1931. Kenedy County, Texas Highway Department Records, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission.

Both movies start outside Lahore Jail in 1931 and then flash-back to Singh as a kid witnessing the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar. At college, he befriends agitators Sukhdev and Rajguru (who are eventually to be hanged alongside him), and all three join the Hindustani Republican Assn.

After rejecting a marriage arranged by his parents, in April 1925 Singh helps to rob a train carrying British funds; three years later, the revolutionaries bungle a reprisal shooting of an English soldier. Singh escapes from Lahore by dressing in Western guise (his trademark hat and moustache) and posing as a wealthy pro-Brit Indian.

Maurice Harry Peston was born in 1931, the son of Abraham Peston and Yetta R. Malt. He studied at the London School of Economics and Princeton University, and served in the Army Operations Research Group, before embarking on a highly distinguished career of scholarly achievement and public service. In 1987 he was created a life peer as Baron Peston, of Mile End, Greater London.

Professor Peston's academic work was concentrated in macroeconomics, public economics, and analysis of the British economy. His policy work included membership of the House of Lords Select Committee on Nationalised Industries, advisory roles in various government departments over a period of four decades, and chairmanship of the House of Lords Committee on Economic Affairs.

In recognition and now in memory of Lord Peston and his contributions to Queen Mary, the School has established the annual Peston Lecture, focusing on the interface between economics and public policy. Speakers in the series have included Mark Carney, David Currie, Charles Goodhart, Richard Lipsey, Robert Peston, and Martin Weale.

On March 25, 1931, nine young African Americans were falsely charged with rape. The Scottsboro Nine were Haywood Patterson, Olen Montgomery, Clarence Norris, Willie Roberson, Andy Wright, Ozzie Powell, Eugene Williams, Charley Weems, and Roy Wright.

Eight of the nine young men were convicted and sentenced to death by an all white jury. In response to international protests, their case went to the Supreme Court where their convictions were overturned in Powell v. State of Alabama (1932) and new trials set.

There were nineteen entries for this race which was held on Port Phillip Island in March, 1931. The winning car, an Austin Seven, had won the Brooklands 500-mile race five months earlier when handled by S.C.H. Davis. The Australian course is 6 1/4 miles long, with four difficult corners, and this year's event was won by Dickason in 3 hrs. 2 mins. 24 secs., carrying a handicap of thirty minutes. The second place was taken by Junkers on a straight-8 Bugatti, and another Bugatti came third with Drake-Richmond at the wheel. Only six cars finished the course.

Originally sourced from various magazines of the period

The handicappers had been caught out by their inexperience and their reliance on a limited knowledge of the relative performance of the cars. Dickason had driven a great race with fantastic consistency and speed, but of all the handicap races for the AGP, this one alone gave the major trophy to the driver setting fastest time.

From the story by Graham Howard

"The crowd showed their appreciation... in viciferous manner when F W Pratley was announced the winner of the Grand Prix for 1951 after a magnificent exhibition of driving," reported The Observer, which went on to comment that "racing conducted during the morning proved more exciting than the Grand Prix." In fact, the race for the 1951 AGP was as exciting as any crowd could have asked for - if they had only known about it, if the race had only had a massed start.

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