Blending Hydrogen with biomethane in transport fuels in Sweden
Nick Balmer
While we talk endlessly about the possibility of doing this and that
with hydrogen and methane others are just getting on and doing it.
Look how longer this has been going on for...
(Translated from Dutch to English courtesy of Google)
"The city of Malmö and the power company Sydkraft started already in
1985 a partnership for the city buses from diesel to natural gas to be
switched. In the region of Skåne now run 330 buses, 80 trucks and a
thousand cars on natural gas or climate neutral biogas. Methane is the
main component in natural gas and biogas. A natural gas vehicle can no
longer biogas that is upgraded to natural gas quality ride. The
advantage of biogas is that there is no greenhouse effect by emission
of CO 2 is. The exhaust of buses on natural gas or biogas are
considerably cleaner than a diesel bus. Air quality are particularly
low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter of
importance.
In Malmö we investigate whether the gas engine is more economical and
cleaner can work through the hydrogen fuel to add. Sydkraft Gas has a
plant in Malmö for preparation and storage of hydrogen gas built. The
gas is prepared by electrolysis of water per m 3 hydrogen is 4.2 kWh
of electricity. The plant will produce 36 m 3 of hydrogen per hour.
The gas is under a pressure of almost 400 bar stored in a tank.
Cars and buses can be pure hydrogen fuel tanks. The vehicles with a
gas engine to a mixture of hydrogen and methane by 8% to 20% hydrogen
choose.
Production (electrolysis) and storage of hydrogen
The mixture of 8% hydrogen can easily by the existing natural
gas-powered buses are used to adjust the engine while it is not
necessary. This does not apply to the mixture with 20% hydrogen. This
requires an adjustment of the fuel and ignition timing of the engine
requires.
Two buses were tested for methane a year by 8% hydrogen. Research by
the University of Lund found that the efficiency of gas engines Volvo
TG100 was significantly higher by the addition of hydrogen. In
addition, the engines still ran stable. The effect on the yield is due
to a more optimal combustion of the lean-burn in the engines, which
run on a Malmo excess air from 50 to 60%. Due to the rapid combustion
are emissions of CO and hydrocarbons little lower, but the emission of
NO x slightly higher.
In the laboratory we have studied the effects on efficiency and
emissions 20% by adding hydrogen to natural gas. This mixture is
beginning in 2005 also tested in practice in two adapted buses. In
future, buses will be all transferred to an addition of hydrogen to
methane. Even with a few cars with natural gas engine has been the
experience of driving on methane with 8% hydrogen."
For the rest go here http://www.energietech.info/schonertransport/malmo.htm
Nick Balmer