Introduction To Logic 14th Edition Pdf
Lillia Iniguez
Introduction to Logic is a proven textbook that has been honed through the collaborative efforts of many scholars over the last five decades. Its scrupulous attention to detail and precision in exposition and explanation is matched by the greatest accuracy in all associated detail. In addition, it continues to capture student interest through its personalized human setting and current examples. The 14th Edition of Introduction to Logic, written by Copi, Cohen & McMahon, is dedicated to the many thousands of students and their teachers - at hundreds of universities in the United States and around the world - who have used its fundamental methods and techniques of correct reasoning in their everyday lives.
Irving M. Copi was a philosopher and logician. He taught at the University of Illinois, the United States Air Force Academy, Princeton University, and the Georgetown University Logic Institute, before teaching logic at the University of Michigan, 1958-69, and at the University of Hawaii, 1969-90. His other works include Essentials of Logic, Informal Logic, and Symbolic Logic.
Kenneth D. McMahon studied physics, philosophy, and English Literature as an undergraduate, then took graduate degrees in psychology and philosophy. He has taught critical thinking, philosophy, statistics, and psychology, and currently teaches logic for Hawaii Pacific University. His professional interests include logic, epistemology, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind, as well as cognitive science, psychometrics, computational theories of mind, and evolutionary psychology.
"...The readiblity is excellent. The chapter summaries and charts are appropriate and helpful. [Introduction to Logic] delivers a formidable subject in an easy-to-ingest manner. ...The explanations are easy enough for the novice while rigorous enough to remain a reference work for someone who may occasionally need to return to to a definition of some fallacy or another or needs a quick discussion of asyllogistic inference, for example. ...The text covers Aristotilian and syllogistic logic quite well. ...I think the book's strongest point is the presentation of the informal fallacies. It provides a nice aid for students to sharpen their argumentive skills; even when they may be unfamiliar topics."
Disjunction introduction or addition (also called or introduction)[1][2][3] is a rule of inference of propositional logic and almost every other deduction system. The rule makes it possible to introduce disjunctions to logical proofs. It is the inference that if P is true, then P or Q must be true.
Disjunction introduction is not a rule in some paraconsistent logics because in combination with other rules of logic, it leads to explosion (i.e. everything becomes provable) and paraconsistent logic tries to avoid explosion and to be able to reason with contradictions. One of the solutions is to introduce disjunction with over rules. See Paraconsistent logic Tradeoffs.
Over a million students have learned to be more discerning at constructing and evaluating arguments with the help of Hurley's A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC. The text's clear, student-friendly and thorough presentation has made it the most widely used logic text in North America. Studying logic offers multiple benefits. It helps you think through problems in an organized and systematic way. It instills patterns of reasoning that enable you to persuade others as to the correctness of your convictions, and it teaches you how to use language clearly and precisely. Doing well in logic improves your skills in ways that will help in your other courses, everyday life and future career. Additionally, for the 14th edition, the WebAssign online platform provides interactive exercises, online homework solutions, multimedia tutorials, help videos and the complete text in an eBook format.
Patrick Hurley received his bachelor's degree in mathematics (with a second major in philosophy and a physics minor) from Gonzaga University in 1964 and his Ph.D. in philosophy of science with an emphasis in history of philosophy from Saint Louis University in 1973. In 1972, he began teaching at the University of San Diego, where his courses included logic, philosophy of science, metaphysics, process philosophy, and legal ethics. In 1987, he received his J.D. from the University of San Diego, and he is currently a member of the California Bar Association. He retired from teaching in 2008, but continues his research and writing, including work on A Concise Introduction to Logic. His interests include music, art, opera, environmental issues, fishing, and skiing. He is married to Dr. Linda Peterson, who retired from teaching philosophy at the University of San Diego in 2015.
The theme for the 14th edition is that logic is empowering -- not in the sense that it allows those skilled in the subject to overpower their opponents, but that it provides a basis for persuasion leading to a meeting of minds. As so viewed, logic is not confrontational but rather invitational. It invites those holding diverse views to engage in a reasoning process based on mutually agreed upon principles that lead to a freely given consensus. Knowing how to build a consensus is crucial to success in countless fields of endeavor -- both professional and personal.
Logic is also empowering in that it teaches us how to avoid being manipulated by tricksters who use fallacious forms of reasoning to coerce belief in unfounded views. Each chapter now begins with a short selection demonstrating how chapter material empowers students. These selections, together with the empowerment theme, help instructors answer student questions about why they are studying logic. No other textbook presents logic in this way.
Relevant and timely, the 14th edition includes dozens of updated examples and exercises featuring current situations drawn from a demographically diverse population. The section relating to induction provides expanded treatment of probabilities and odds as well as how to compute one given the other. In addition, the final chapter includes new coverage of the corrupting influence of corporate money on what we take to be scientific truth.
Thoroughly updated for the 14th edition, A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC's robust, author-generated test bank with its auto-gradable questions is unrivaled by other texts -- and provides a tremendous time-saver for instructors.
I have asked a similar question before, and people recommended me some texts. Almost all of them started with introducing "proposition logic". I guess authors intended to introduce a rather easier example at first. I don't think it's a good way to study logic rigorously. I felt like I'm not studying mathematics when I was reading those books, but I felt like I'm reading an philosophy article, which I felt extremely uncomfortable.
Frankly, to me, it's really hard to know what people mean by logic. I have searched wikipedia, but there are so many types of logics such as propositional logic, intuition logic(?), classical logic and etc. I even found some "logics" are subcategory of other!What is logic exactly?
All good questions. But famously they do not have sharp, determinate, clear, uncontentious answers. Indeed, they are characteristically philosophical questions (that fall into the purview of what is often called "philosophical logic").
Of course, a technical logic text will introduce e.g. a sharp, technical, notion of a proof-in-a-given-formal-system (the fine print can be significantly different in different texts). But what is the relation between (1) the everyday notion of mathematical proof and (2) various notions of proof-in-a-given-formal-system which aim to model mathematical proof? This is up for (philosophical) debate. Similarly for the notion of truth, and indeed for the notion of a logic.
A "rigorous logic text" is therefore not the best place, really, to look for the discussion of the philosophical questions here. For those questions are (as it were) standing back from details in those rigorous texts and asking more general, philosophical, questions about them.
There is one logic which is the most important of all, and that is the first-order logic. I introduce it in with my site : settheory.net, though I only describe formulas, not rules of proof.I consider the questions : What is "proof"? What is "truth"? as legitimate, having proper answers.
The concept of proof is essentially clear, in the sense that there is a unique equivalence class of formal systems that the word "proof" may properly refer to : a deduction system for first-order logic, such that the existence of a proof of a formula as deduced from any given list of axioms, is equivalent to the non-existence of a model where the formula is false, according to the completeness theorem.
According to Jim Nance texts Formal Logic is the science and art of reasoning well. He starts with deductive reasoning and the standard syllogism. He clearly defines the differences of truth and validity. If you are interested in a well built, straight forward approach, check out his Introductory AND Intermediate Logic texts. Get the Teachers manuals, as these house the student manual fused with the answer key, quizzes and texts. If you are a self taught learner, you will LOVE this format! There are also dvd videos he produced in which he teaches he lesson. He also has a facebookpage that he moderates and he has answered my questions with a positive and "mentor" minded demeanor. This text is a collegic entry level logic course/advanced highschool course. I teach/tutor claasically taught eighth graders both of these texts over the course of one year. Your time would not be wasted with a study as this and you could potentially finish both texts in one semester, depending on how motivated and determined you are. I have students who have found a LOVE for the structure of Logic through this examination approach of the standard syllogism. Good luck. And have fun! Please excuse my typos! I am using my phone, stumbled across your post, and felt led to share. I must run to teach classes now.
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