Leonberger Studbook Uk

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Dates of death , illnesses and cause of death and other notes are collected as well but NOT published in the leonberger-database.
Because publishing diseases and reasons of death can give the false assumption that some lines are unhealthier than others because it is based on what owners and breeders have been willing to provide.
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Welcome to the pedigree leonberger stud dog database. We aim to allow our users to find pedigree stud dogs from across the United States. Searching for your next potential stud dog can be done by call name, registered name, or AKC number if you have a particular stud in mind or by availability of BACL/CCA documents or state.

Leonberger studbook,1st Summary1918 - 1967
When, after the First World War (1914-1918), the 7 Swabians in Leonberg founded the Leonberger Club, it was possible to start rebuilding the Leonberger population.The problem was that many documents, books and magazines were lost. Except of a few registrations at the D.C., the German kennel Club, and a single pedigree, nothing was found. The stud books of the former Leonberger Clubs in Apolda and Heidelberg could not be traced either.The first enthusiasts, of which Stadelmann and Josenhans were the leaders, had to settle for loose information, mostly verbal, the accuracy of which was often questionable.Not only papers could not be found. Leonberger had also to be tracked down to give the breed new start.Thanks to Stadelmann's determination, he was possible to present in 1926 his first studbook with entries up to and including 1924.Volume E. With the numbers 1-108.It was also his last stud book because he resigned as chairman and stud bookkeeper for personal reasons at the annual general meeting of 1926 and withdrew completely from cynology.Leonberg was only for a short time the centre of the Leonberger.It would take until 1948, until Leonberg again became the center of the Leonberger world.The story repeats because even then little data could be found.Nevertheless, the club managed in due time to find the old stud books.
Robert and Wilma Beutelspacher then decided to bundle and publish these breed books, so that all information is preserved.The studbooks, old photos and articles from the previous club newspapers make the whole thing a very interesting book and it gives a good insight into the past.

Leonberger history suggests that they should not be a genetically diverse breed. Although they were formed as a hodgepodge of large continental dogs a little over a century ago, two World Wars devastated their numbers and possible rescue outcrosses are mostly undocumented.

As a German breed, the Leonberger was severely affected by both World Wars: only 5 known breeding dogs survived the first war and only 8 pedigreed dogs emerged from the second. Two severe bottlenecks like this are not conducive to preserve genetic diversity within a closed population.

That is why I was surprised to find that the 5 Leonbergers which were DNA tested as part of a study analyzing the genetic composition of Alaskan Sled Dogs showed that they had excess heterozyosity compared to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Of 141 breeds tested over 96 genetic marker sites, there were only 9 purebred breeds found to be surplus heterozygous and most of those are only marginally so.

Here is the actual data represented in the chart. The purposely out-crossed hybrid sled dogs were found to be 20% more diverse than equilibrium and the Leonberger was second only to the Puli with over 10% excess heterozyosity.

The leonberger is one of the breeds the chinook people are thinking of bringing in to the chinook population which is too small. The chinook diversity genetic study is fascinating.
Again, cross breeding goes on all the time. I personally know in Vermont and QUebec that some backyard people are producing what they call alpine mastiffs, made up of leonbergers, newfs, anatolians, malamutes, and god knows what else. The new craze for designer dogs fuels this movement. Who knows if one of these ancestors came from these mixtures.

Rough and Smooth are considered sepapate breeds in some countries, so that would clarify that they were being counted as the same breed. If the study were conducted in the UK, it probably would have separated the collies and combined the Belgians (separate breeds here, but varieties there).

I had a black dog that could have passed for Labrador cross, but her mother was an AKC registered golden retriever and her father a brindle boxer.
Retrieverman recently posted..Captive-reared New Zealand blue ducks released into a stoat-controlled region

If you look strictly at number of base pairs of genetic information, you might be able to distinguish a slight advantage to the mother over the father in male offspring. In humans (and most of Animalia really) the mitochondria have about 15k-17k base pairs and code for about 37 genes. The Y chromosome has 58 million base pairs and 70-200 genes. The X chromosome has 155 million base pairs and 900-1,400 genes. The whole human genome is 20-25,000 genes.

How we interpret this is actually very interesting. Males have less genetic information as they have one X chromosome and one Y and the Y is smaller. Plus they do get a few more genes from Mom than Dad via the mitochondria. But um, all genes are not created equal!

Men do get one X from their mothers, so they have one copy of those genes. But the smaller and funky Y chromosome has genes for male differentiation from the default-sex: female. SO, are men more like their mother than their father because they get more base pairs from them or are they more like their father because they get genes from dad which are active in specifically differentiating men in many ways from women?

Agree outcrossing is more than difficult in collies as one attempts to avoid the fad and fashion and favor of the day among show breeder champions. I have no doubt the chart is correct in collies, or darn close to it.
If one has spent any time doing extended pedigrees in collies the reality is right in front of you.
I hardly see the Argentina outcrosses as anything more than exports coming back as imports with Latin names as far as personal studies and in my opinion. Kathy Bittorf

All of this is entirely dependent on the founding population. How big is the founder population for collies? What are the founder contributions? How many lines died out? How many still exist? Were smooths separated out from roughs after the stud book closed, or do they have their own founder population?

I could certainly import Afghans from the UK or Germany or Italy and they would not share common ancestors in the most recent generations of their pedigrees. But if I go back to the founders, they will share all the same founders as my domestic dogs.

Even in a breed like Salukis, which have never really had a closed studbook due to desert bred dogs being including from time to time (and more of them, more recently), doing a pedigree analysis shows us that Western Salukis simply do not have a large gene pool, because breeders have followed the Tenents of Proper Dog Breeding, which guarantees gene loss:

You seem to be misunderstanding my point. If the dogs in the UK and the dogs in the US, for the most part, descend from the same group of founders, you may have differing gene loss in the different groups, but you will still have massive gene loss. Plus, within the show community, you have a lot of moving dogs around in more recent decades, from continent to continent.

So what this chart is telling is is not COI, not observed heterozygosity in the breed, but how these dogs compare to the equilibrium point that would be suggested by the gross numbers of A and a alleles. So it sort of speaks to where the dogs are being pushed genetically, not where they are on the great spectrum from homozygous with no allele choice to heterozygous with lots of alleles per gene.

So I think what this chart says is that most breeds are being pushed toward greater homozygosity, many in a big way. A few breeds are hovering around equilibrium, and only a few breeds are being pushed toward heterozygosity.

Collies, for example, are not starting from the same place as Border Collies. Using the data from a previous study (the one that established the 90-something markers) which I think is the same data used here for the non-Sled Dog breeds, the Collies show up as 38% expected heterozygosity. The Border Collies show up as 55% expected heterozygosity. Australian Shepherds show up as 61% expected heterozygosity.

Well, if we compare that with the chart in this post, the Collies are 2% on the excess heterozygosity side, Border Collies are 2% excess homozygosity, and Australian Shepherds are 18% excess homozygosity.

So what I think this tells us is that Border Collies and Collie are pretty stable near equilibrium, Collies are being pushed to be more diverse, Border Collies are being pushed to be more uniform, but Border Collies have a good degree more extant diversity of alleles than Collies do.

I agree Chris that the diversity differences in collies likely could be simply the differenes in rough and smooth. It is well recorded with Parader line that a smooth collie was purchased when Breeder could not find a rough for solution to a health issue. Thus bringing back once again the smooth collie here in the United States.
Well known breeding fact a smooth can produce a rough but a rough can not produce a smooth. Kathy Bittorf

Someone might try and make a breed out of that bully-whippet mutation for novelty. And there are perhaps other examples, but consider a small handful of examples over the millions and millions of dogs bred each year. Given all those millions of dogs, there are perhaps many new mutations, but only a fraction of those would even be noticed, few would be beneficial or desired.

Belgian specific question: after the breed was decimated during WWII, how did they work the outcrosses? Did they use purebred dogs that were similar, like GSD? Dogs of unknown pedigree that resembled Belgians? Or was there a Continental landrace of herding dogs that they could dip into?

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